scholarly journals Analytical Method of Human Systemic and Global Circulation

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-33
Author(s):  
Francis Egenti Nzerem ◽  
Eucharia C. Nwachukwu
Keyword(s):  
Vascular System ◽  
Voltage Drop ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Topological Constraints ◽  
Global Circulation ◽  
Cardio Vascular ◽  
Electrical Impulses ◽  
In Virtue Of ◽  
Flow Circuit

Abstract The human circulatory system is one of the admirable rhythms of nature. The heart and the vasculature are constitutive structures. The vasculature consists of arterial and venous appurtenances which are arranged in an idealized network capable of enhancing circulation. The crux of this study is the representation of the cardiovascular system as a network in which electrical constraints apply. As a network, the system is amenable to graph analytic treatment; as edge-nodal parameters ensue, topological constraints apply. In virtue of cardiac auto-rhythmicity, electrical impulses are driven through the vessels to the body cells. As a rule, the vessels must elicit a modicum of resistance. This work weaponized the elements of graph theory and electrical properties of the heart in elucidating the flow mechanism associated with the cardio-vascular system. The voltage drop across the connecting vessels (idealized as wires) was carefully depicted and analyzed by the method of matrices. When the cardiac function is within physiological definition a vascular compartment may be a liability in the event of poor circulation. Therefore the knowledge of vascular resistive capacities, which this work portrayed, is a sine-qua-non to the assessment of flow integrity of the system under consideration. MSC 2010 No.: 05C21, 92C42, 92B25. Keywords: Cardiovascular, Network, Matrices, Flow, Circuit, Edges and Nodes, Wave propagation, Bifurcation.

scholarly journals The size of the aorta in warm-blooded animals and its relationship to the body weight and to the surface area expressed in a formula

1912 ◽  
Vol 86 (584) ◽  
pp. 39-56 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Accurate Data ◽  
Quantitative Correlation ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Cardio Vascular ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Satisfactory Manner

In recent years it has become increasingly evident that many of the most important problems of physiology and of experimental pathology cannot be investigated in a satisfactory manner until accurate data have been made available regarding the quantitative differences which are exhibited by the organs, tissues, and fluids of the body in normal animals of different species and of varying weights. Results obtained with animals of any given weight cannot be applied, even within one and the same species, to yield con­clusions regarding animals of a different weight until it has been determined with precision how the various organs and tissues of the body are related to the size of the individual. Moreover, it will not be possible to compare one species with another, or to apply the results deduced from any given species to any other species of animal, until we can establish the existence of some kind of quantitative correlation between the measurements in different species. That this will prove to be possible seems likely from an examination of the results already obtained by us in studying the various factors which influence the circulatory system and determine the size of the heart (1). In connection with our study of the blood and cardio-vascular system under normal and pathological conditions, it was shown that the blood volume of normal animals of any given species is proportional to their body surface, and follows the formula B = W n / k , where k is a constant for the species and n is approximately 0.70-0.72 (2), (3). Accordingly it became of interest, in view of the theories which have been put forward regarding the volume of the blood and the size of the aorta in chlorotic conditions, to endeavour to determine how the size of the aorta is related to the weight of the individual in any given species of animal.

Modelling and Simulation Methodology for the Human Cardio Vascular System

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petter Krus ◽  
Dag Teien
Keyword(s):  
Closed Loop ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Coarctation Of The Aorta ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Simulation Methodology ◽  
Basic Model ◽  
Valve Leakage ◽  
Human Cardiovascular System ◽  
Cardio Vascular

Abstract In this paper a methodology for closed loop simulation of the human cardiovascular system is described. It includes a functional heart model and a closed loop circulatory system. Using this model a range of physiological and patophysical phenomena can be studied, such as valvar regurgitation (valve leakage), valvar stenosis, congenital cardiac malformations i.e. coarctation of the aorta and the circulation in univentricular hearts. The model can be extended to accommodate detail descriptions of the subsystems. In this paper, however, a very basic model is shown to highlight the basic principles of cardio vascular system simulation.

Stochastic and chaotic dynamics evaluation parameters of cardiovascular system in human transshirotnyh transfer

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-110
Author(s):  
Пахомов ◽  
A. Pakhomov ◽  
Прасолова ◽  
A. Prasolova ◽  
Козлова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Chaotic Dynamics ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms ◽  
Boarding House ◽  
Cardio Vascular ◽  
The City ◽  
Evaluation Parameters

Using the methods of statistical analysis and methods of multidimensional phase spaces (analysis and calculation of the volume of quasi-attractors matrices mezhattraktornyh distances) studied the behavior of the state vector of the body girls (for example, the behavior of the parameters of the cardiovascular system) with transshirotnyh movements. The differences in the assessment of the dynamic behavior of the parameters of the cardio-vascular system, namely the decrease in quasi-attractors indicates good revitalizing effect two-week stay in a boarding house young children oilman. Analysis matrices mezhattraktonyh distances showed that the motion of chaotic and stochastic centers at latitude movements somewhat different girls: mezhattraktornye distance when driving chaotic center upon arrival to rest down, after a two-week vacation, it becomes even more, to return to the city of Surgut is similar to the results for the arrival at rest, indicating the lack of formation of the girls adaptive mechanisms, as well as a significant tension of regulatory processes and the degree of mismatch of functional systems at transshirotnyh movements.

Vaso-active factors in pregnancy

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Myatt
Keyword(s):  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vascular Events ◽  
Uterine Growth ◽  
Vascular Beds ◽  
Intra Uterine Growth Retardation ◽  
Cardio Vascular ◽  
In Pregnancy

Pregnancy results in profound physiological changes in the cardiovascular system, yet these changes are completely reversible. It is apparent that vaso-active factors, some as yet probably unidentified, which act as humoral or local autocrine or paracrine regulators of vasular resistance, play a major role in these cardio-vascular changes. This role may be heightened in pregnancy when there has to be a large increase in blood flow to the uterus and placenta while maintaining adequate flow to other vascular beds. Our knowledge of the mechanisms of action of these vaso-active factors and their interactions with each other still remains incomplete. Alterations in synthesis and action of these vaso-active factors may occur in pregnancies associated with pregnancy-induced hypertension, pre-eclampsia or intra-uterine growth retardation. Investigation of such alterations may help to elucidate the roles of vaso-active factors in both normal and pathological situations. The gestational hormones oestrogen and progesterone, are obviously prime candidates as overall regulators of the cardiovascular changes of pregnancy and as agents which alter the synthesis or action of other vaso-active factors. Currently, much attention is being focused on the role of local autocrine or paracrine vaso-active factors which may be produced by the endothelium or by the underlying vascular smooth muscle cells and alterations in their production or action in the hyptertensive disorders of pregnancy. The endothelium forms the largest endocrine organ within the body and so its importance in the mediation of vascular events should not be under-estimated. The principal objective of this review is to examine the roles of these many autocrine and paracrine vaso-active factors during pregnancy and their relation with the overall regulation of the vascular system. Changes which may occur and be involved in the aetiology of pre-eclampsia and growth retardation will also be examined.

The Blood Vascular System of Nephtys (Annelida, Polychaeta)

1956 ◽  
Vol s3-97 (38) ◽  
pp. 235-249
Author(s):  
R. B. CLARK
Keyword(s):  
Body Wall ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Ventral Surface ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dorsal Vessel ◽  
The Brain

The four longitudinal vessels of the circulatory system of Nephtys californiensis are dorsal, sub-intestinal, and neural, the latter being paired. There is a complete longitudinal circulation; the dorsal vessel communicates with the sub-intestinal by way of the proboscidial circulation and with the neural by way of the circum-oral vessels. In each middle and posterior segment segmental vessels from each of the longitudinal trunks carry blood to and from the parapodia and body-wall. The segmental circulation is completed by a circum-intestinal vessel connecting the dorsal and subintestinal vessels in each segment and an intersegmental branch connecting the dorsal and sub-intestinal segmental vessels. A trans-septal branch of the neural segmental vessel communicates with the sub-intestinal segmental vessel. This arrangement is modified in anterior segments which house the muscular, eversible pharynx, and no blood-vessels cross the coelom except by running through the body-wall. On anatomical grounds and by comparison with other polychaetes it seems likely that segmental is subordinate to longitudinal circulation. There are no endothelial capillaries such as have been described in some other polychaetes; instead there are numerous blindending vessels the walls of which are composed of the same three layers as other vessels and which are probably contractile. The dorsal vessel, where it is in contact with the ventral surface of the supra-oesophageal ganglion, forms a plexus in close association with a modified part of the brain capsule and a special axonal tract within the ganglion. It is thought that by way of this ‘cerebro-vascular complex’, hormones produced in the neurosecretory cells of the brain pass into the blood-stream.

scholarly journals Fascia and Primo Vascular System

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Yang ◽  
Yi-kuan Du ◽  
Jian-bin Wu ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Ping Luan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular System ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
The Body ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Acupuncture Points ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Anatomical Basis ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
New Research

The anatomical basis for the concept of acupuncture points/meridians in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has not been resolved. This paper reviews the fascia research progress and the relationship among acupuncture points/meridians, primo vascular system (PVS), and fascia. Fascia is as a covering, with common origins of layers of the fascial system despite diverse names for individual parts. Fascia assists gliding and fluid flow and holds memory and is highly innervated. Fascia is intimately involved with nourishment of all cells of the body, including those of disease and cancer. The human body’s fascia network may be the physical substrate represented by the meridians of TCM. The PVS is a newly found circulatory system; recent increased interest has led to new research and new discoveries in the anatomical and functional aspects of the PVS. The fasciology theory provides new insights into the physiological effects of acupuncture needling on basic cellular mechanisms including connective tissue mechanotransduction and regeneration. This view represents a theoretical basis and means for applying modern biomedical research to examining TCM principles and therapies, and it favors a holistic approach to diagnosis and treatment.

scholarly journals A Systemic Review of Pathological Findings in COVID-19 and Its Mechanism of Disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 597-606
Author(s):  
Aishik Chanda ◽  
Shruti Dehankar ◽  
Abhishek Kumar ◽  
Samarth Shukla ◽  
Sourya Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Vascular System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Prolonged Standing ◽  
Runny Nose ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Cardio Vascular ◽  
Systemic Pathology ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Taste And Smell

The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) has spread worldwide at a rapidly alarming pace and has resulted in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The virus has more intensive and prolonged standing effects in the host body post-infection than the other related groups of viruses. The disease has caused an unforeseen need for the availability of intensive support because of the resulting critical respiratory distress and consequent multi-organ failure. What starts as an elegant fever with cough and headache, with body pain, runny nose, sore throat, quickly develops into loss of perception of taste and smell, with nausea, diarrhea, troubled breathing, chills; and finally results into grievous damage to the vital organs of the body, such as heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, blood vessels, and even brain, necessitating the need of urgent and competent availability of critical care infrastructure. It is now the disease with the highest number of affected individuals recorded in the modern era. And, not only does the infection of Covid inflict highly significant morbidity and mortality rates amongst the population, but there have also been multiple and significant strains to the overburdened health care system and also, massively on the economy. Here in this article, our focus will primarily be upon the systemic pathology in the various organ systems and how the coronavirus has been affected. We shall discuss the Respiratory System, the Cardio-Vascular System, the Renal System, Central Nervous System, and the pathophysiology involved herewith after covid infection.

scholarly journals Мальформации как нарушение фрактальной структуры кровеносной системы организма

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (9) ◽  
pp. 1506
Author(s):  
В. Антонов ◽  
П. Ефремов
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Flow Simulation ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Model Base

The article contains a description of mathematical models, the bases of which is the representation of the body circulatory system as a multifractal object. As examples, we consider the solution of two problems. The first issue is related to the normal state of the body’s life support system, namely, heat transfer in human skin. The model base is the equations of hydrodynamics and heat transfer. Quantitative results of calculating heat fluxes in three layers of the dermis are presented. The second issue deals with a violation of fractality due to the presence of arteriovenous malformation in the brain vascular system. The SolidWorks 2017 Flow Simulation software product serves as the basis for the implementation of a blood flow model in the presence of malformation. As a result of the simulation, data on the velocities and blood flow in the vessels were obtained for various cases of malformations.

scholarly journals Pathogenetic role of changes in the type of blood circulation in the dynamics of brain vascular disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
Valentin I. Nikolaev ◽  
Nataliya P. Denisenko ◽  
Anastasiya V. Brega ◽  
Marya D. Denisenko
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Cerebral Circulation ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Acute Period ◽  
Mean Square Difference ◽  
Cardio Vascular ◽  
The Moment

Features of the heart rate variability at patients with acute disorder of cerebral circulation depending on the type of hemodynamics were studied in acute period of disease and in a condition of relative functional rest. Surveyed men and women (121 patients, 3055 years old) were divided into 3 groups according to the type of hemodynamics that was defined at the first day of their disease: the groups of patients with hyper-, hypo- and normodynamic types of hemodynamics were selected. The integral rheography of the body was carried out again on the 7th day of hospitalization of the patients. And according to the received data all examined individuals were divided into subgroups. The evaluation of indicators of the heart rate variability at patients during acute period of disease showed the significant increase of activity of the sympathetic link of regulation among people with hyperdynamic type of hemodynamics: the indices of tension and vegetative balance also as the standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN) were rather law. The sam e patients examined on the 7th day of their disease demonstrated the reduction of the indices of tension and vegetative balance and the increase of the mean square difference between the duration of adjacent R-R intervals (RMSSD). These changes were regarded as gradual weakening of the sympathetic influences on cardio-vascular system in stabilization period. At examination of patients in a week from the moment of their hospitalization transformation of the type of hemodynamics was revealed among many of the surveyed. The indices of tension and vegetative balance were the lowest among patients with acute disorder of cerebral circulation and initially hyperdynamic type of hemodynamics and newly formed hypodynamic type of blood circulation. While patients with acute disorder of cerebral circulation and constantly hyperdynamic type of blood circulation showed the maximal tension in operation of the regulatory systems.

Stochastic and Chaotic State Assessment Parameters of the Cardio-Vascular System of the Subjects in the Conditions of the Dosed Physical Load

10.12737/7262 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Ельников ◽  
A. Elnikov ◽  
Горленко ◽  
N. Gorlenko ◽  
Добрынина ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular System ◽  
Stochastic Approach ◽  
State Assessment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Essential Difference ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Functional Systems ◽  
Cardio Vascular ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

A comparative analysis of the effectiveness of new bioinformatics methods is shown that in contrast to traditional methods of statistical analysis on the basis of the deterministic-stochastic approach using bioinformatics methods gives higher sensitivity in identifying order parameters (the main diagnostic features) studied the functional systems of the body. The parameters of the cardio-vascular system in untrained and trained subjects from the perspective of chaos theory and self-organization were studied. There is the essential difference between the two groups (trained and untrained students). Dosed physical activity revealed a tendency to increase the area and volume of quasi-attractors state vector of the organism in untrained subjects in 1.5 times and also at 6% in trained subjects. Exercise stabilizes the parameters of the cardio-vascular system trained students and it is the first marker of the degree of detenidamente in young population in the region. Statistical methods are difficult to establish the existence of significant differences in the parameters of the functional systems of the body between the groups of trained and untrained students. The differences are often not statistically significant.

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