scholarly journals Fair Trade and Justice: A Case Study of Fair Trade and its Effect on the Freedom of Bolivia’s Indigenous Women

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 195-217
Author(s):  
Tamara Stenn
Keyword(s):  
Fair Trade ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Indigenous Women ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Women's Voices ◽  
Trade Model ◽  
Public Reasoning ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
Pillar Structure

Amartya Sen has written that for justice to be realized, freedom needs to be expanded. Fair Trade, a model of global trade that puts into motion billions of dollars, purports to promote justice, and therefore expands freedom. Fair Trade is a four-pillar structure comprised of institutions, producers, consumers, and government/policy. An economic, ethnographic study of Bolivia’s indigenous women working within the Fair Trade model for the past 15 years reported mixed results. The women questioned the justice of the model based on negative experiences induced by irregular work, stress, and unsupportive communities. At the same time, women acknowledged enhanced capabilities and opportunities emanating from skills development, empowerment, and income. Although it increased women’s freedom, there are ways in which Fair Trade could be made fairer through transparency, reciprocity, and public reasoning. This work is significant in the sense that it creates a new understanding of justice and trade that enables women’s voices to be heard.Amartya Sen ha planteado que para lograr justicia, se necesita expandir la libertad. El Comercio Justo, un modelo de comercio global que pone en movimiento miles de millones de dólares, pretende promover la justicia y, por consiguiente, expandir la libertad. El Comercio Justo es una estructura de cuatro pilares que comprende instituciones, productores, consumidores   y gobiernos/políticas gubernamentales. Un estudio económico y etnográfico de mujeres indígenas de Bolivia que han trabajado con este modelo de comercio los últimos 15 años reportó resultados muy diversos. Las mujeres cuestionaban la justicia de un modelo basado en experiencias negativas resultado del trabajo irregular, del estrés y de la falta de apoyo por parte de las comunidades. Al mismo tiempo, las mujeres reconocían mejoras en las capacidades y oportunidades que emanaban del desarrollo de habilidades, el empoderamiento y los ingresos. Aunque incrementó la libertad de las mujeres, hay maneras por las cuales el Comercio Justo podría llegar a ser más justo a través de transparencia, reciprocidad y razonamiento público. Este trabajo es importante en la medida que crea una nueva interpretación de la justicia y del comercio que permite escuchar la voz de las mujeres.

scholarly journals Estrategia para el empoderamiento diferencial desde la identidad cultural y el desarrollo local. Estudio de caso de las Mujeres Indígenas Nasa del Municipio Santiago de Cali - Colombia / Strategy for differential empowerment from cultural identity and local development. Case study of Indigenous Women Nasa of the Municipality Santiago de Cali - Colombia

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johana Ciro ◽  
Antonio Martínez Puche
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Indigenous Women ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
Identidad Cultural ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
The City ◽  
Estudio De Caso

ABSTRACT This article thesis seeks to deepen in the instruments necessary to that must accompany the processes of empowerment of the indigenous women Nasa women in of the Municipality of Santiago de Cali, Colombia, in the context of the city, leading with a view to strengthen the enhancement of their capacities, so they can use them to contribute to their Community‘s development that allow them to influence the development of Community as well as to address and counteract the difficult situation of vulnerability that they have lived historically. In that sense, and taking into account the specificity of the problems raised, the methodology of the Participatory Action Research (IAP) and the case study.RESUMENEl presente artículo profundiza en los instrumentos que deben acompañar los procesos de empoderamiento de la mujer indígena Nasa del Municipio de Santiago de Cali, Colombia en contexto de ciudad, incidiendo en la potenciación de sus capacidades para el desarrollo de su comunidad y contrarrestar la difícil situación de vulnerabilidad que han vivido históricamente.En ese sentido, y atendiendo a la especificidad de la problemática planteada, se emplea la metodología de la Investigación Acción Participativa (IAP) y el estudio de caso. Se toma como base conceptual el pensamiento descolonial y la justicia epistémica, planteando el paradigma de investigación indígena como filtro analítico para visibilizar la cosmovisión Nasa y para poner en valor el aporte que hace la mujer indígena Nasa a la preservación de la identidad cultural de su pueblo.

Fair trade in organic rice: a case study from Thailand

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuntana Udomkit ◽  
Adrian Winnett
Keyword(s):  
Fair Trade ◽  
Organic Rice

scholarly journals The Unexplored Socio-Cultural Benefits of Coffee Plants: Implications for the Sustainable Management of Ethiopia’s Coffee Forests

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3912
Author(s):  
Bikila Jabessa Bulitta ◽  
Lalisa A. Duguma
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Cultural Services ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Jimma Zone ◽  
Food And Drink

Coffee is among the most popular commodity crops around the globe and supports the livelihoods of millions of households along its value chain. Historically, the broader understanding of the roles of coffee has been limited to its commercial value, which largely is derived from coffee, the drink. This study, using in-depth interviews and focus group discussions, explores some of the unrevealed socio-cultural services of coffee of which many people are not aware. The study was conducted in Gomma district, Jimma Zone, Oromia National Regional state, Ethiopia, where arabica coffee was first discovered in its natural habitat. Relying on a case study approach, our study uses ethnographic study methods whereby results are presented from the communities’ perspectives and the subsequent discussions with the communities on how the community perspectives could help to better manage coffee ecosystems. Coffee’s utilities and symbolic functions are numerous—food and drink, commodity crop, religious object, communication medium, heritage and inheritance. Most of the socio-cultural services are not widely known, and hence are not part of the benefits accounting of coffee systems. Understanding and including such socio-cultural benefits into the wider benefits of coffee systems could help in promoting improved management of the Ethiopian coffee forests that are the natural gene pools of this highly valuable crop.

scholarly journals Professionalism, Payment by Results and the Probation Service: A Qualitative Study of the Impact of Marketisation on Professional Autonomy

2021 ◽  
pp. 095001702110038
Author(s):  
Matt Tidmarsh
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Professional Autonomy ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Community Rehabilitation ◽  
Probation Office ◽  
Probation Service ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Privately Owned

This article utilises Foucauldian understandings of the sociology of the professions to explore how marketising reforms to probation services in England and Wales, and the implementation of a ‘Payment by Results’ (PbR) mechanism in particular, have impacted professional autonomy. Drawing on an ethnographic study of a probation office within a privately owned Community Rehabilitation Company, it argues that an inability to control the socio-economic organisation of probation work has rendered the service susceptible to challenges to autonomy over technique. PbR was proffered as a means to restore practitioner discretion; however, the article demonstrates that probation staff have been compelled to economise their autonomy, adapting their conduct to conform to market-related forms of accountability. In this sense, it presents the Transforming Rehabilitation reforms to probation as a case study of the impact of marketisation on the autonomy of practitioners working within a public sector profession.

scholarly journals Etnizando metodologías de investigación social: formación para el fortalecimiento del liderazgo de mujeres indígenas

2018 ◽  
pp. 5-33
Author(s):  
Dra. Dolores Figueroa Romero ◽  
Dra. Araceli Burguete Cal y Mayor
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Women's Leadership ◽  
Indigenous Women ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Anthropology ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Political Contribution ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
America Latina

A partir de la descripción de enfoques y procesos de enseñanza de investigación del Diplomado para el Fortalecimiento del Liderazgo de las Mujeres Indígenas, coordinado por la Universidad Indígena Intercultural del Fondo Indígena y el Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social, se desarrollará una reflexión sobre “la etnización” de la investigación social y la producción de conocimiento cultural y políticamente pertinente para el movimiento de mujeres indígenas organizadas en América Latina. En específico, nuestro análisis se centrará en mostrar los escenarios de disputa donde facilitadoras y lideresas se enfrentaron ante el reto de desmontar la colonialidad de la construcción del conocimiento en las dinámicas de enseñanza y procesos de adecuación de métodos de investigación. Las particulares experiencias de conducción del trabajo de campo de las alumnas mostrarán su creatividad al adaptar y adoptar metodologías que les permitieron visibilizar el aporte político de las mujeres indígenas al desarrollo del activismo indígena local.Indigenizing Social Research Methodologies: Training Experience for the Strengthening of Women’s LeadershipAbstractBased on an ethnographic description of the approaches, learning processes and final research products of the Diploma for the Strengthening of Women’s Leadership coordinated by the Indigenous Fund’s Intercultural Indigenous University and the Center for Research and Advanced Studies in Social Anthropology (UII-CIESAS), this essay reflects upon the indigenization of social research and knowledge production designed to meet the cultural and political needs of the indigenous women’s movement in Latin America. Specifically our analysis will focus on showing scenarios of dispute where facilitators and leaders faced the challenge of dismantling the coloniality of the knowledge construction in teaching dynamics and processes of adequacy of research methods. Finally, the students' own fieldwork experiences show their creativity in adapting and adopting methodologies that allowed them to make visible the political contribution of indigenous women to the local indigenous activism.Recibido: 02 de febrero de 2016Aceptado: 30 de mayo de 2017 

scholarly journals (2012) 30 Windsor Y B Access Just 103 A VIEW FROM WITHIN: RECONCEPTUALIZING MEDIATOR INTERACTIONS

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debbie De Girolamo
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Mediation Process ◽  
Study Analysis ◽  
Case Study Analysis ◽  
Third Party Intervention ◽  
Life Patterns ◽  
Participant Observer

This paper explores mediator interactions from within the mediation process. It is difficult to obtain access to mediations due to issues of confidentiality and litigation privilege, thus restricting direct empirical research. During a yearlong ethnographic study during which the author was a participant-observer of a number of commercial mediations, the nature of mediations was explored from an independent observational perspective – separate from the process yet within the process. In this study, real life patterns of interactions are examined through case study analysis. It offers a reconceptualization of the nature of mediator interventions, one that moves beyond the accepted understanding of third party intervention. It suggests that the mediator has a fugitive identity in mediation, reflecting a traditional neutral third party intervener role, a party role and an adviser role.Dans le présent document, l‟auteure explore les interactions des médiateurs dans le cadre du processus de médiation. Il est difficile d‟obtenir l‟accès aux séances de médiation en raison du secret professionnel et du privilège relatif au litige, et cette difficulté limite la recherche empirique directe. Au cours d‟une étude ethnographique qui s‟est déroulée sur une année et à laquelle l‟auteure a participé comme observatrice d‟un certain nombre de médiations commerciales, la nature des médiations a été explorée d‟un point de vue observationnel indépendant – distinct du processus bien qu‟au sein du processus. Dans la présente étude, des situations réelles d‟interaction sont examinées au moyen de l‟analyse d‟études de cas. L‟auteure offre une reconceptualisation de la nature des interventions du médiateur, qui va au-delà de ce qui est reconnu comme l‟intervention d‟une tierce partie. Le médiateur aurait une identité fugace dans le processus de médiation, cette identité s‟expliquant par un rôle traditionnel de tiers intervenant neutre, un rôle de partie et un rôle de conseiller.

scholarly journals Organising polypharmacy: unpacking medicines, unpacking meanings—an ethnographic study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. e049218
Author(s):  
Deborah Swinglehurst ◽  
Nina Fudge
Keyword(s):  
Video Recording ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Ethnographic Case Study ◽  
Pharmacy Staff ◽  
General Practices ◽  
Telephone Calls ◽  
Do It Yourself ◽  
Point Of Departure

ObjectivesWe explore how older patients affected by polypharmacy manage the ‘hidden work’ of organising their medicines, how they make sense of this work and integrate it into their lives.Design and settingEthnographic study observing patients over 18–24 months in patients’ homes, general practice and community pharmacy, in England, UK.Participants and methodsEthnographic case study including longitudinal follow-up of 24 patients aged 65 or older and prescribed ten or more items of medication. Our dataset includes: 562 hours of ethnographic observation across patients homes, community pharmacies and general practices; 47 audio-recorded interviews with patients about their lives and medicines practices; cultural probes (photographs, body maps, diaries and imagined ‘wishful thinking’ conversations); fieldnotes from regular home visits; telephone calls, and observation/video-recording of healthcare encounters. We apply a ‘practice theory’ lens to our analysis, illuminating what is being accomplished, why and by whom.ResultsAll patients had developed strategies and routines for organising medicines into their lives, negotiating medicine taking to enable acceptable adherence and make their medicines manageable. Strategies adopted by patients often involved the use of ‘do-it-yourself’ dosette boxes. This required careful ‘organising’ work similar to that done by pharmacy staff preparing multicompartment compliance aids (MCCAs). Patients incorporated a range of approaches to manage supplies and flex their regimens to align with personal values and priorities. Practices of organising medicines are effortful, creative and often highly collaborative. Patients strive for adherence, but their organisational efforts privilege ‘living with medicines’ over taking medicines strictly ‘as prescribed’.ConclusionsPolypharmacy demands careful organising. The burden of organising polypharmacy always falls somewhere, whether undertaken by pharmacists as they prepare MCCAs or by patients at home. Greater appreciation among prescribers of the nature and complexity of this work may provide a useful point of departure for tackling the key issue that sustains it: polypharmacy.

scholarly journals Más allá de la victimización. Resistencias, creaciones y cuestionamientos = Beyond victimization. Resistances, creations and questionings

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Ana Valero Rey
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Indigenous Women ◽  
Doctoral Research ◽  
Resistance Strategies ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Agents Of Change ◽  
Las Mujeres

Resumen: Este artículo nace de una investigación doctoral que analiza las re-formulaciones identitarias de las mujeres indígenas desplazadas en el contexto de conflicto armado en Colombia. El objetivo del mismo es mostrar cómo la condición de víctimas trae consigo estrategias de resistencia, creaciones y cuestionamientos. Desde las circunstancias que viven muestro cómo las identidades de género, etnia y desplazada son base de vulneración de sus derechos. Asimismo, las mujeres indígenas, como sujetos activas, re-formulan sus identidades tras pasar por situaciones de ruptura de las mismas. Se posicionan como agentes de cambio, generadoras de nuevos discursos y prácticas. A través de estas realidades advertimos las redes y movilizaciones que las mujeres indígenas están llevando a cabo, así como las reflexiones y cuestionamientos que se dan desde el activismo y el campo teórico. Palabras clave: identidad de género, identidad étnica, violencia, resistencia, discursos propios. Abstract: This article builds on my doctoral research which analyzed reformulations of identity of displaced indigenous women in the context of armed conflict in Colombia. The objective is to show how the condition of victims bring about resistance strategies, creations and questions. Focusing on the case of displaced indigenous women, I show how identities of gender, ethnicity and displacement are based on infringement of their rights. Furthermore, indigenous women, as active subjects, reformulate their identities after going through situations of rupture. They position themselves as agents of change, generating new discourses and practices. Through these realities we advise the networks and mobilizations that indigenous women are carrying out, as well as reflections and questions which they make, both from the perspectives of activism and theory. Keywords: gender identity, ethnic identity, violence, resistance, own discourses.doi: https://doi.org/10.20318/femeris.2017.3550 

scholarly journals Fair Trade for Whom? The Contribution of Fair Trade to Combatting Trade Inequities Faced by East Timorese Coffee Producers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kelle Howson
Keyword(s):  
Fair Trade ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Ethical Consumption ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Mixed Methods Approach ◽  
Democratic Management ◽  
External Pressures ◽  
Governance Practices

<p>Fair trade aims to empower smallholder agricultural producers in the global South to gain more power over their industries by the formation of transparent and democratically representative cooperatives. However, critiques of the fair trade system have emerged in ethical consumption literature, and pockets suggest that individual producer contexts have more of a role to play in determining the benefits of fair trade than had been previously understood or addressed. This work constitutes a case study designed to examine implementation and practice anomalies within the Timorese fair trade certified coffee industry, and the ways in which they impact on producers’ livelihoods and development. A mixed methods approach is deployed to analyse the coffee cooperative Cooperativa Café Timor, and the producers who sell to it. It finds the cooperative to be subject to a number of external pressures that prevent it from passing on the benefits of fair trade certification to farmers. Governance practices in terms of transparency and grassroots representation are found to be significantly hindered by reliance on outside organisations for market access. Also, producers are found to remain superficially represented within commodity chains; having little or no access to value-added income. The involvement of American private enterprise within the East Timorese fair trade system has served to distance the fair trade cooperative from its grassroots, and acts as somewhat of a barrier to democratic management, participatory decision-making, and the realisation of the objectives of fair trade.</p>

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