scholarly journals Agriculture Credit in Developing Economies: A Review of Relevant Literature

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Yadav ◽  
Anil K. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Developing Economies ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Rural Finance ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Rural Credit ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Rural Credit Markets ◽  
Study Methodology

<p>This paper aims to present a comprehensive review of 110 studies on agriculture credit in developing countries during 1995 to 2015. The literature has been classified and presented on the basis of time period, country of study, methodology used, issues covered, and sources of study. Agriculture credit has gained interest of policy makers and researchers in developing economies in recent years with raising concerns of issues like food security and rising population. However, the situation of small and marginal farmers is still vulnerable and they lack timely and adequate access to institutional sources of finance. Non-institutional sources of credit are still dominant in rural credit markets; while the role of micro-finance appears dubious. This study will prove helpful for policy makers and future researchers who wish to study diverse issues in rural finance in general and agriculture credit in particular.</p>

scholarly journals COVID-19 Impact on Nifty Banks: An Event Study Methodology

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-108
Author(s):  
Sabat Kumar Digal ◽  
Yashmin Khatun ◽  
Braja Sundar Seet
Keyword(s):  
Developing Economies ◽  
Abnormal Returns ◽  
Investor Confidence ◽  
First Case ◽  
Catalytic Role ◽  
Study Methodology ◽  
Adjusted Model ◽  
Model Market ◽  
Event Study Methodology

The financial sector, because of its catalytic role in the economy, has always been in the eye of the storm in economic difficulties. Due to the pandemic, the stock market had lost about 27 percent by April 2020 and bank nifty has had a lion’s share in pushing the index down to this level. Uncertainty arose as the containment of the disease and the availability of vaccines remain uncertain; this contributed to the plunge in investor confidence. Because of the central role of banks in the development initiatives of the governments, COVID-19 has become a significant threat to the sustainability of the banks globally, especially in developing economies. However, we believe every downfall brings in new opportunities for the investors. Therefore, the present study attempted to study both the gloom and boon and observed that there were short-term abnormal returns to the investors of nifty banks in two different periods - the detection of the first case of COVID-19 in India and the lockdown periods in India. The impacts of both the events are calculated by applying Market and Risk Adjusted model, Market Adjusted Return model and Mean Adjusted Return model. The paper concludes that the impacts were insignificant during the first period and was quite significant in the subsequent period. Nifty banks have earned negative abnormal returns during the pre-lockdown period and positive abnormal returns during post lockdown period which indicates that the markets reacted positively as India implemented the first lockdown.

scholarly journals Tourism and Development in Developing Economies: A Policy Implication Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asif Khan ◽  
Sughra Bibi ◽  
Ardito Lorenzo ◽  
Jiaying Lyu ◽  
Zaheer Udden Babar
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Energy Development ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Growth Energy ◽  
Agriculture Development

Tourism is considered a competent driver of development in emerging economies. This study assesses the role of tourism in shaping the fundamental pillars of development in developing economies by targeting the case of Pakistan. Various econometric techniques and approaches were used to investigate the causal relationships of tourism with economic growth, energy and agriculture development, and poverty. This study highlights the important role of tourism in the development of emerging economies. The findings of our study suggest that a 1% increase in tourism significantly enhances gross domestic product (GPD) by 0.051%, foreign direct investment by 2.647%, energy development by 0.134%, and agriculture development by 0.26%, and reduces poverty by 0.51% in the long run. Hence, policy-makers should be informed that through public interventions, tourism can advance development by the design and implementation of integrated policies in developing economies. In addition, policy consistency and coherence are essential for competitiveness, sustainability, and maximizing benefits from tourism.

scholarly journals A Circular Light Bulb Economy: Framework for Sustainable End-of-life Management of Modern Light Bulb

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
S. Selvam ◽  
Shivinder Singh Chandok ◽  
Harsh Singh
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Light Bulb ◽  
Closed Loop System ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
The Impact

This paper presents a framework that focuses on transitioning from a linear light bulb economy to a circular light bulb economy by developing a closed-loop system of reuse. The conceptual framework is based on a pilot study conducted in India and strengthened by a comprehensive review and analysis of relevant literature. Accordingly, the proposed paradigms are a result of best practices identified during the pilot study. The results demonstrate the financial viability of the pilot study conducted over a period of three years. Additionally, the results provide evidence of the impact of the circular economy on economic growth, employment opportunity, and reduction in environmental waste. The discussion also identifies the barriers to the adoption of a circular economy framework including the role of attitude towards the environment and the skill gap in labor.

Startups and open innovation: a review of the literature

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
John-Christopher Spender ◽  
Vincenzo Corvello ◽  
Michele Grimaldi ◽  
Pierluigi Rippa
Keyword(s):  
Open Innovation ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Knowledge Domain ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type

Purpose Startup companies represent a powerful engine of open innovation (OI) processes. The purpose of this paper is to represent a first step in building a map of the state-of-the-art knowledge of the “startups in an OI context” phenomenon. Through the selection and analysis of relevant literature, this study aims at deepening our understanding of the theme and at providing directions for future research. Design/methodology/approach By using an explicit method for the review (Pittaway et al., 2004) the authors selected a set of papers, which cover the knowledge domain object of this study. In total, 41 articles about “startups and OI” have been selected and the full papers have been analysed. Findings The analysed literature has been synthesized in seven sub-topics, which have been evaluated as the most relevant in explaining the phenomenon of startups in relation to OI. Implications for research, for managers and for policy makers conclude the paper. Practical implications The review produced valuable knowledge for both managers and policy decision-makers. The paper allows a better understanding of the role of startups in OI processes. This improved understanding can help managers of large firms as well as policy makers involved in OI in making their decisions. Besides, implications of OI strategies for startup managers have been singled-out. Originality/value Startup companies are intrinsically open organizations, necessarily engaged in innovation processes. Research at the intersection between the themes of OI and startups is gaining momentum. This review of the literature represents the first attempt to organize the scientific knowledge related to the intersection between the startups and OI phenomena systematically.

scholarly journals Understanding Inequality in Chile: A Revisited Dependency Analysis of Education

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Colin M. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Structural Heterogeneity ◽  
Initial Time ◽  
Dependency Analysis ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Political Spectrum ◽  
The Impact

<p>This thesis makes a case for a revisited dependency analysis in understanding how socio-economic inequality is produced and reproduced. It illustrates that a succession of Chilean governments has been unable, despite policies from across the full political spectrum, to disrupt the processes of disparity. As the study spans a considerable timeframe, the research is divided into two sections: 1964 – 1989 and 1990 – 2010. The data from the initial time period reveals that levels of inequality remained as high as at any other time in the previous thirty years. The return to democracy under the Concertación (1990 – 2010) brought a policy emphasis to reduce inequality, but the impact was also less than what had been hoped for. The research uses descriptive statistics to track persistent patterns of inequality in contexts such as income, healthcare, employment and education. This is combined with interviews with various academics and policy-makers concerning their perceptions of the roots and consequences of Chilean inequality, and their opinions regarding the impact of various policies upon it. Despite the considerable amount of existing research addressing socio-economic inequality there is a conspicuous gap in the literature regarding the role of dependency analysis. The thesis includes a case study of educational inequalities under the Concertación and undertakes a dependency analysis of the situation. Through this work it is evident that the features of structural heterogeneity and educational commodification, along with a failure to place social and class relations at the centre of such an approach, has prevented any progressive change. The thesis posits a set of theoretical assertions and policy recommendations that are intended to counter the criticisms that have forced dependency to the peripheries of development thinking. In summary, this research makes theoretical, empirical and policy contributions to the understanding of the processes of socio-economic disparity, within and beyond the education sector, both in Chile and elsewhere.</p>

scholarly journals Understanding Inequality in Chile: A Revisited Dependency Analysis of Education

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Colin M. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Structural Heterogeneity ◽  
Initial Time ◽  
Dependency Analysis ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Political Spectrum ◽  
The Impact

<p>This thesis makes a case for a revisited dependency analysis in understanding how socio-economic inequality is produced and reproduced. It illustrates that a succession of Chilean governments has been unable, despite policies from across the full political spectrum, to disrupt the processes of disparity. As the study spans a considerable timeframe, the research is divided into two sections: 1964 – 1989 and 1990 – 2010. The data from the initial time period reveals that levels of inequality remained as high as at any other time in the previous thirty years. The return to democracy under the Concertación (1990 – 2010) brought a policy emphasis to reduce inequality, but the impact was also less than what had been hoped for. The research uses descriptive statistics to track persistent patterns of inequality in contexts such as income, healthcare, employment and education. This is combined with interviews with various academics and policy-makers concerning their perceptions of the roots and consequences of Chilean inequality, and their opinions regarding the impact of various policies upon it. Despite the considerable amount of existing research addressing socio-economic inequality there is a conspicuous gap in the literature regarding the role of dependency analysis. The thesis includes a case study of educational inequalities under the Concertación and undertakes a dependency analysis of the situation. Through this work it is evident that the features of structural heterogeneity and educational commodification, along with a failure to place social and class relations at the centre of such an approach, has prevented any progressive change. The thesis posits a set of theoretical assertions and policy recommendations that are intended to counter the criticisms that have forced dependency to the peripheries of development thinking. In summary, this research makes theoretical, empirical and policy contributions to the understanding of the processes of socio-economic disparity, within and beyond the education sector, both in Chile and elsewhere.</p>

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTAN

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhtiar Ali ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Effective Role

Purpose: FDI is one of the very eminent factors of world economy. It especially plays an effective role in developing countries’ economic growth, for that reasons developing economies struggle a lot to invite FDI. The previous researches provide support that FDI has a positive impact on growth of an economy. In this study the role of FDI along with other explanatory variables like gross capital formation, labor force participation and public spending against the economic growth. Methodology/Sampling: The variables supplemented into the model are based on well-established and long-standing economic theory, tested under the standard OLS regression. The data were referred from United Nation Conference for Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and State Bank of Pakistan FDI database. Time period for this is from 1980 to 2012. All in all32years samples were taken for study in this research. Findings: The main conclusions drawn are that in the case of Pakistan, FDI and Labor force participation is found to be positively associated with economic growth. Practical Implications: This study is going to help policymakers to take active measures and formulate strategies that will enhance economic growth in the country.

scholarly journals How Significantly to Emerging Economies Benefit From Board Attributes and Risk Management in Enhancing Firm Profitability?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-113
Author(s):  
Tariq Tawfeeq Yousif Alabdullah ◽  
Essia Ries Ahmed ◽  
Mohammed Almashhadani ◽  
Sara Kadhim Yousif ◽  
Hasan Ahmed Almashhadani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Firm Profitability ◽  
Negative Link

Recently, the literature review represented by its previous studies have witnessed obvious  development that has been become the reason to create different trends.  This paper aims to considerably contribute to the area of corporate governance to be then involved in the new trends testing the role of board attributes as mechanisms of corporate governance to know whether non-financial companies in the developing economies will benefit from these mechanisms in their impact of firm profitability. Thus, the present study tested 100 non-financial companies based on their annual reports in the year of 2020 as a cross sectional study. The results of testing the variables of the current study revealed that there is a negative link between board of directors size and profitability. On the other hand, the results showed that the managers independency has no relationship with profitability. Likewise, the results revealed that risk management has no effect on profitability. This study probably could be considered as a unique study due to its new contribution that fills the gap of what have been done in the previous studies in the area of corporate governance (CG) and profitability because it tested the link between risk management and growth. Hence, according to the researchers’ knowledge, there is no research that has been dealt with the two variables that were dealt by the current study. The current study introduces evidence to many parties, such as shareholders, scholar, executives and policy makers.  

Stages of E-Government Maturity Models

2014 ◽  
pp. 228-246
Author(s):  
Hakikur Rahman ◽  
Isabel Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Developing World ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Present Moment ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Maturity Models ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
New Model ◽  
Governance Systems ◽  
Proposed Model

E-Government and e-Governance are the two terms within the governance system that need to be attended through clarity, distinctness, and justification. No matter how the stages of the governance system evolve, where they have been applied, and in which stages they are at a present moment, these two prominently distinct elements of the governance systems are yet to be watched closely and minutely. After synthesizing existing e-Government maturity models and exploring relevant literature, this chapter proposes a new model that may guide e-Government implementation in a developing world context. It is expected that the proposed model would assist researchers, academics, and policy makers in establishing sustained e-Government model in emerging and developing economies.

scholarly journals Documenting Faith-Development Trajectory in Africa: Contributions and Contestations

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Olajire O. Olutola
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Faith Development ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Faith Based ◽  
Development Trajectory ◽  
History Of ◽  
Social Provisioning ◽  
Disadvantaged People

This article focuses on faith and work particularly in Africa. It highlights the important role of faith-based organisations in development. Specifically, it reviews the history of faith-based social provisioning; however, particular attention is devoted to the contributions of faith-based organisations towards enhancing delivery of social services to the disadvantaged and vulnerable people in Africa. To compliment the foregoing, a comprehensive review of existing relevant literature on achievements and contradictions attributed to faith-based social provisioning is examined.  In short, this article concludes that Faith-based Organisations, in line with their myriad social and developmental activities have become a veritable institution that caters for the vulnerable and disadvantaged people, particularly in remotes areas and societies where expenditure on public services has been cut by the governments.

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