scholarly journals Analysis of the Green-spaces as the Symbolized Urban Landscape Elements in Hokkaido

1984 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 270-275
Author(s):  
Shoichiro ASAKAWA ◽  
Mikio SUZUKI ◽  
Akihiro KOBAYASHI
Author(s):  
Marceli Olma

The material basis of the paper is an unpublished collection of 47 sonnets by Wincenty Byrski, a poet from Podbeskidzie region. The author of the study discusses the language level of the poems (mainly lexis) in order to reconstruct the picture of Cracow preserved in the texts. According to the analysis, the poet used vocabulary and morphological forms which were known in the Polish language in previous centuries, as well as pompous lexis. Description of architectonic objects and other urban landscape elements was accompanied by their evaluation, which reflected historiosophy and the system of moral values, preferred


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (212) ◽  
pp. 68-72
Author(s):  
Mikhail Motyl ◽  
◽  
Alexander Romanyuk ◽  
Vladimir Titok

The features of the conjugated structure of plants of the lawn-grass cover of the city of Minsk as an unique object of a natural-anthropogenic landscape and a phyto-indicator of the current state of urban green spaces of Belarus are established. The basic composition of 35 species of native flora, which form 10 conjugated groups and reflect diversity of ecological niches, is determined. Their composition and the nature of the bonds indicate a tendency toward xerophytization of the soil cover. The data obtained reflect the initial stage of its transformation and can serve as a starting point for monitoring climate and anthropogenic changes in the structure of urban green spaces.


2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-352
Author(s):  
Ilaria Vanni ◽  
Alexandra Crosby

Mapping and fitness apps, government agencies and departments, and citizen science projects provide a wealth of data on urban green spaces, charting parks, reserves, and green corridors in and around Sydney. These maps represent vegetation as surface and, as Doreen Massey in the 2005 book For Space noted about other types of Western maps, detach the observer from the object of their gaze. The authors argue that, in order to make recombinant ecologies present, as well as visible, we need a different order of maps, able to place the observer back in the thick of things, and to capture the entanglements between humans and more-than-human gatherings. This, they maintain, requires a shift to mapping as an embodied methodology that brings together walking, visual documentation and drawing. To do this, they present three walking maps of plants imagined as ‘tropical’ growing in Marrickville, a suburb in Gadigal-Wangal Country in Sydney’s inner west, an area located in the ‘sub-tropical humid’ climate zone map. Through the generation of three plant-led walking maps, they reveal recombinant Marrickville ecologies. They show how plants redesign the urban landscape and engender everyday practices in the gardens, verges, and non-cultivated parcels of land and, in doing so, contribute to sensing the suburb as tropical.


2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 1645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matamyo Simwanda ◽  
Manjula Ranagalage ◽  
Ronald C. Estoque ◽  
Yuji Murayama

Africa’s unprecedented, uncontrolled and unplanned urbanization has put many African cities under constant ecological and environmental threat. One of the critical ecological impacts of urbanization likely to adversely affect Africa’s urban dwellers is the urban heat island (UHI) effect. However, UHI studies in African cities remain uncommon. Therefore, this study attempts to examine the relationship between land surface temperature (LST) and the spatial patterns, composition and configuration of impervious surfaces/green spaces in four African cities, Lagos (Nigeria), Nairobi (Kenya), Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) and Lusaka (Zambia). Landsat OLI/TIRS data and various geospatial approaches, including urban–rural gradient, urban heat island intensity, statistics and urban landscape metrics-based techniques, were used to facilitate the analysis. The results show significantly strong correlation between mean LST and the density of impervious surface (positive) and green space (negative) along the urban–rural gradients of the four African cities. The study also found high urban heat island intensities in the urban zones close (0 to 10 km) to the city center for all cities. Generally, cities with a higher percentage of the impervious surface were warmer by 3–4 °C and vice visa. This highlights the crucial mitigating effect of green spaces. We also found significant correlations between the mean LST and urban landscape metrics (patch density, size, shape, complexity and aggregation) of impervious surfaces (positive) and green spaces (negative). The study revealed that, although most African cities have relatively larger green space to impervious surface ratio with most green spaces located beyond the urban footprint, the UHI effect is still evident. We recommend that urban planners and policy makers should consider mitigating the UHI effect by restoring the urban ecosystems in the remaining open spaces in the urban area and further incorporate strategic combinations of impervious surfaces and green spaces in future urban and landscape planning.


Urban Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Jane Loveday ◽  
Grant K. Loveday ◽  
Joshua J. Byrne ◽  
Boon-lay Ong ◽  
Gregory M. Morrison

Loss of green space in our suburban environment is contributing to increased urban heat. The material properties of surface treatments or landscape elements (LEs) are a determining factor in the amount, timing, and type of radiation present in the local environment. Landscape designers can use this information to better design for urban heat management, as emitted and reflected radiation (radiosity) from LEs can affect pedestrians via heat stress and glare and affect energy usage in buildings and houses if the landscape sky view factor is low. Low-cost black painted iButton temperature sensors were successfully used as radiometers to concurrently measure the daytime radiosity from 19 LEs samples located on an oval in the warm temperate climate of Perth, (Australia). Normalisation against gloss white paint on polystyrene removed the effect of varying weather conditions. Each LE had the same normalised average radiosity (DRav) between seasons (within ±5%), meaning the relative radiosity of new LEs can be measured on any day. White and lighter coloured LEs had the highest DRav and would have the most detrimental effect on nearby objects. Plants and moist LEs had the least DRav and would be most beneficial for managing local daytime urban heat. Measuring relative radiosity with iButtons presents a new way to examine the effect of LEs on the urban environment.


2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Rakhshandehroo ◽  
Mohd Johari Mohd Yusof ◽  
Roozbeh Arabi ◽  
Rasul Jahandarfard

Abstract Decreasing green spaces is a significant concern in today’s compact cities while they provide various dimensions of sustainability; therefore, sustainable development has become the key idea to solve a series of environmental, economic and social problems. Because urban green space can be seen from different distinct disciplinary perspectives, this study reviews theories and material based on multidisciplinary and transdisciplinary approaches. Urban development and renewal should be accompanied by a green vision, to insert more plantable spaces into the urban environment. Therefore, sustainable urban planning, design and management are needed to improve urban greening by innovative and creative strategies.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1531
Author(s):  
Manjula Ranagalage ◽  
Takehiro Morimoto ◽  
Matamyo Simwanda ◽  
Yuji Murayama

The rapid and dominant urbanization in Asian cities has fueled concerns regarding the local and global efforts toward urban sustainability. Specifically, South Asian cities have been a topical issue concerning ecological and environmental threats due to their unplanned and haphazard urban development. However, comparative urbanization studies in South Asian cities remain uncommon. Therefore, in this study, we sought to comparatively examine the land use and land cover (LULC) dynamics and to detect the urbanization patterns of four rapidly developing South Asian lowland cities: Mumbai (India), Colombo (Sri Lanka), Karachi (Pakistan), and Dhaka (Bangladesh). Sentinel-2 (10 m) data and various geospatial approaches, including urban–rural gradient and grid-based methods, statistics, and urban landscape metric techniques, were used to facilitate the analysis. The study revealed that Mumbai, Karachi, and Dhaka had larger built-up landscapes compared to Colombo. Mumbai had the highest percentage of green spaces, followed by Colombo. Dhaka and Karachi had relatively small percentages of green spaces. Colombo and Dhaka had more croplands, which consistently increased along the urban–rural gradient compared to Mumbai and Karachi. Karachi showed that the only major land use was built-up, while most of the areas were left as open lands. On the other hand, Colombo’s urban setup was more fragmented than the other three cities. Mumbai and Karachi had larger patches of urban footprints compared to Colombo and Dhaka. Thus, this study provides vital information on the past land utilization priorities in the four cities, and comparatively proffers guidance on certain critical areas of focus for local, regional, and global future sustainable urban planning.


space&FORM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 225-240
Author(s):  
Wiesława Gadomska ◽  

This article raises the issue of setting up and developing urban parks on islands which are situated around New York’s borough of Manhattan. Among the principal consequences are an improved balance of developed green spaces in the city and the emergence of attractive public places with a variety of functions and high-quality design solutions. As for the urban landscape, interesting relations are created with respect to views of the unique silhouette of the city, and in particular of Manhattan.


2012 ◽  
Vol 178-181 ◽  
pp. 314-317
Author(s):  
Soen Han Lee ◽  
Bin Feng Yan ◽  
Chen Yi Sun ◽  
Wen Wen Chou ◽  
Jing Zhe Lin

This study examined “EEWH-HI” standards of shade in Tainan, and used rain and the sun as indicators to verify The Plan of Good Looking Corner to improve urban thermal comfort levels on the roads. The Plan of Good Looking Corner in Tainan was ran by the Tainan City Government for schools, offices, green spaces, squares, communities, and other public spaces, to create corners of green in order to beautify and improve the overall urban landscape. This study selected 173 locations to conduct assessments for shade indicators from the rain and sun. Statistical analysis, ANOVA, Regression Analysis, and the Correlation Coefficient method were applied to clarify the impact factor effects of urban shade and thermal comfort to prepare final recommendations.


2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 441-450
Author(s):  
Sinem Yıldırım ◽  
Buket Asilsoy ◽  
Özge Özden

A dramatic demographic shift regarding urbanization is occurring globally. Between 2000 and 2050, the ratio of individuals in urban spaces is projected to rise from 46.6 % to 69.6%. Environmental pollution, urban heat island effect and climate change are among the hazardous effects of urbanization. Critical ecosystem services can be provided with urban green areas such as parks, roof gardens, streams, forests and community gardens etc. Walking, running or biking activities, psychological well-being and public health of urban inhabitants can also be supported via green space. Urban landscape areas are also significant for Cyprus as there is an on-going remarkable urbanization. Particularly, due to urbanization, the importance of green spaces in cities is becoming important. During this study, open and green space as urban landscape areas in Güzelyurt (Morphou) was investigated. This is the first study to examine user satisfaction and views of open and green spaces in Güzelyurt (Morphou) region, Cyprus. A questionnaire with 60 participants were conducted in order to understand respondents’ suggestions about several aspects of existing open and green spaces in Güzelyurt, north Cyprus. According to the findings, respondents were mostly dissatisfied about urban and open spaces in the city. Our results indicate that local authorities or municipal organizations should legalize the planning of urban parks, open spaces and green areas with long term perspective.  Keywords: Urbanization, Green space, urban park, landscape, Güzelyurt, Cyprus


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