Introduction

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Daniel C. O'Neill
Keyword(s):  
The Philippines ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Subsequent Chapter ◽  
China’S Foreign Policy ◽  
Foreign Governments ◽  
Financial Power ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Selection Of

This chapter introduces the rival territorial claimants, all of whom, besides China and Taiwan, are members of ASEAN, and their claims in the South China Sea. It provides historical background for several of the claims to the Paracel and Spratly island chains, focusing on those of China, which has been most successful in actualizing its claims. It analyses the shifts over time in China’s foreign policy in the region, highlighting efforts at cooperation near the turn of the century and China’s more aggressively asserting its claims in recent years. It lays out the two tales the book tells: the story of China’s efforts to divide ASEAN in pursuit of its territorial claims and the broader story of how China uses its financial power to influence foreign governments in developing states. The chapter also provides a justification for the selection of the three case studies in the book: China’s relations with Cambodia, the Philippines, and Myanmar, emphasizing variation in the key variable of political regime type. Finally, it introduces each subsequent chapter.

scholarly journals Migration Systems in Southern Portugal: Regional and Transatlantic Circuits of Labor Migration in the Algarve (Eighteenth–Twentieth Centuries)

2000 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo J. Borges
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Internal Migration ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Southern Portugal ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Migration Systems ◽  
Over Time

This article applies a systems approach to the analysis of multiple circuits of labor migration that emerged in the Algarve, southern Portugal, from the late eighteenth century to the mid 1900s, and their connections. Over time Algarvian migrants participated in three main systems of migration: internal migration and migration to southern Spain and Gibraltar, transatlantic migration to the Americas and Africa – especially to Argentina – and migration to northern Europe. Rather than an abrupt break with a sedentary past, the article shows how the beginnings of transatlantic migration at the turn of the century were the result of modification and adaptation of existing strategies of labor migration.

Historical background and evolution of Soil Mechanics

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 96-113
Author(s):  
Philotheos Lokkas ◽  
Ioannis Chouliaras ◽  
Theodoros Chrisanidis ◽  
Dimitrios Christodoulou ◽  
Emmanouil Papadimitriou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Building Material ◽  
Soil Mechanics ◽  
Geotechnical Engineering ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Education Of Students ◽  
Scientific Fields ◽  
Important Branch ◽  
Over Time

The behavior of soil either as a building material or as a load receiver is particularly important and presents a paramount significance in both infrastructure and building construction. Geotechnical engineering has shown a rapid development over the last fifty years and holds a prominent position in all scientific fields of engineers. This paper mainly aims at the historical background along with the progress made on Soil Engineering as an important branch of Surveyors, Civil and Mining Engineers, where, through an important citation of technical works and constructions over time, may be considered as a significant tool for teaching and education of students

W. Cameron Forbes in the Philippines: A Study in Proconsular Power

1966 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Spector
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Ralph Waldo Emerson ◽  
Family Firm ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Family ◽  
The One

On his mother's side, W. Cameron Forbes was the grandson of Ralph Waldo Emerson, and on his father's, the grandson of John Murray Forbes, who made his fortune in the China clipper trade. He carried in his heredity the shrewd business ability of the one and the liberalism of the other. In Hofstadter's turn of phrase, he was the patrician as liberal. His wealth, his education — the best available (Milton Academy, Hopkinson School, Harvard) — would have entitled him to admittance to the innermost recesses of post-Civil War Republicanism. Yet he remained at best only affiliated with that party, and at heart an outspoken Independent. In 1892, on graduation from Harvard, he joined Stone and Webster, later gained experience in business as officer and director of several Boston banks, and then, just before the turn of the century, joined the family firm of J. M. Forbes and Co., Merchants.

scholarly journals Three Evidence Based Methods to Compensate for a Lack of Subject Background when Ordering Chemistry Monographs

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Robert A. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Circulation Rate ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Library System ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Selection Of

Objective – The aim of this article is to present evidence based methods for the selection of chemistry monographs, particularly for librarians lacking a background in chemistry. These methods will be described in detail, their practical application illustrated, and their efficacy tested by analyzing circulation data. Methods – Two hundred and ninety-five chemistry monographs were selected between 2005 and 2007 using rigorously-applied evidence based methods involving the Library's integrated library system (ILS), Google, and SciFinder Scholar. The average circulation rate of this group of monographs was compared to the average circulation rate of 254 chemistry monographs selected between 2002 and 2004 when the methods were not used or were in an incomplete state of development. Results – Circulations/month were on average 9% greater in the cohort of monographs selected with the rigorously-applied evidence based methods. Further statistical analysis, however, finds that this result can not be attributed to the different application of these methods. Conclusion – The methods discussed in this article appear to provide an evidence base for the selection of chemistry monographs, but their application does not change circulation rates in a statistically significant way. Further research is needed to determine if this lack of statistical significance is real or a product of the organic development and application of these methods over time, making definitive comparisons difficult.

scholarly journals Kilburn High Road Revisited

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Capineri
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Place ◽  
Service Management ◽  
Street Life ◽  
The Many ◽  
High Road ◽  
Simple Narrative ◽  
Unique Relationship ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Selection Of

Drawing on John Agnew’s (1987) theoretical framework for the analysis of place (location, locale and sense of place) and on Doreen Massey’s (1991) interpretation of Kilburn High Road (London), the contribution develops an analysis of the notion of place in the case study of Kilburn High Road by comparing the semantics emerging from Doreen Massey’s interpretation of Kilburn High Road in the late Nineties with those from a selection of noisy and unstructured volunteered geographic information collected from Flickr photos and Tweets harvested in 2014–2015. The comparison shows how sense of place is dynamic and changing over time and explores Kilburn High Road through the categories of location, locale and sense of place derived from the qualitative analysis of VGI content and annotations. The contribution shows how VGI can contribute to discovering the unique relationship between people and place which takes the form given by Doreen Massey to Kilburn High Road and then moves on to the many forms given by people experiencing Kilburn High Road through a photo, a Tweet or a simple narrative. Finally, the paper suggests that the analysis of VGI content can contribute to detect the relevant features of street life, from infrastructure to citizens’ perceptions, which should be taken into account for a more human-centered approach in planning or service management.

Legislative Politics

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Costa
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Literature ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Legislative Politics ◽  
New Work ◽  
Legislative Studies ◽  
Current State ◽  
French Case ◽  
Long Time ◽  
French Political Science ◽  
Over Time

This chapter proposes an assessment of the state of the study of legislative politics in France. It starts with a review of how the study of legislative politics has developed comparatively over time and identifies the major current debates in the comparative literature. Then it turns to the French case, explaining its weaknesses and peculiarities, and assessing the current state of legislative studies in France. We see that, for a long time, legislative studies were rare in the landscape of French political science. Things, though, have evolved since the end of the 1990s, when there was a renewed scholarly interest in central institutions and actors of the French political regime as well as the emergence of new work that was better connected with the methods, theories, and topics of mainstream legislative studies. Finally, we underline some dimensions of the agenda for the future study of legislative politics in France.

scholarly journals Authoring the Strange: The Evolving Notions of Authorship in Prefaces to Classical Chinese Supernatural Fiction

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances Weightman
Keyword(s):  
Classical Chinese ◽  
Authorial Persona ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Supernatural Fiction

Abstract This article considers the ways in which ideas of authorship have been portrayed in the authorial prefaces (zixu) to a selection of classical Chinese tales of the supernatural (zhiguai). It posits that the authorial preface is a unique forum for exploring the interplay between the author, reader and text. Within the controversial and contested tradition of writings about strange and otherworldly phenomena, it argues that over time the zixu provided a platform for the emergence of an increasingly individualised authorial persona.

Substitution of Synthetic Fibers by Bio-Based Fibers in a Structural Mortar

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Audouin ◽  
Nicolas Philippe ◽  
Fabien Bernardeau ◽  
Mariann Chaussy ◽  
Sergio Pons Ribera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Synthetic Fibers ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Formulation Parameters ◽  
Metallic Fibers ◽  
Important Objective ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Selection Of

The use of bio-based material is now widespread in insulation concrete, for example hemp concrete. The bio-based materials in concrete provide many advantages: lightness, sound and thermal insulation, hydrothermal regulation while contributing to a reduction in the environmental impact due to the carbon capture during the plant growth. The development of materials incorporating plant is therefore an important objective for the construction. The next step will be to introduce bio-based materials in structural mortars and concretes. The project FIBRABETON proposes to substitute synthetic or metallic fibers by natural fibers in screed and slab. After a selection of biomass on the resources availability, separation and fractionation are the key step in processing to obtain technical natural fibers. Bulk fiber shaping and packaging methods for easy handling and transportation are tested. Then, functionalization of technical natural fibers by physical & chemical treatments to improve the durability with cement paste is carried out. The second step concerns the introduction of treated or not treated fibers in mortar and concrete formulations. The variation of the nature of the biomass, fibers shape and dosage in concrete are studied. The workability, the compressive strength and withdrawal resistance are measured in order to obtain the best formulation parameters. The evolution of properties over time is also evaluated. The project FIBRABETON is carried out with ESTP, FRD and Vicat and is subsidized by ADEME, Grand Est region and FEDER.

Introduction

2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Computational Intelligence ◽  
Evolutionary Computing ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Intelligent Computing ◽  
Biometric Security ◽  
Introductory Overview ◽  
Over Time

This chapter presents an introductory overview of the application of computational intelligence in biometrics. Starting with the historical background on artificial intelligence, the chapter proceeds to the evolutionary computing and neural networks. Evolutionary computing is an ability of a computer system to learn and evolve over time in a manner similar to humans. The chapter discusses swarm intelligence, which is an example of evolutionary computing, as well as chaotic neural network, which is another aspect of intelligent computing. At the end, special concentration is given to a particular application of computational intelligence—biometric security.

Money, Central Banks, and Low Financial Development Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-44
Author(s):  
Juan Antonio Morales ◽  
Paul Reding
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Financial Depth ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Selection Of

This chapter gives a general overview of the nuts and bolts of monetary policy and presents the low financial development countries that are the focus of this book. It discusses, with some historical background, the special role of money in the financial system, the functions of central banks, and the mandates society has entrusted them with. It also shows how monetary policy is structured within a specific framework of targets and instruments that guides the central bank’s interventions. Finally, it presents the main features that characterize the selection of developing countries that the book aims to address and that raise specific challenges for the design and implementation of their monetary policy: low per capita income, low financial depth, and weak integration with international financial markets.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document