scholarly journals Célibes involuntarios: ¿Terroristas?. Análisis cualitativo del fenómeno “InCel” y discusión conceptual sobre el “terrorismo”

Author(s):  
Gabriel Luis Isla Joulain

Los Célibes Involuntarios (InCels) son un grupo de varones, reunidos en foros en Internet, que odian fuertemente a las mujeres por rechazar sus acercamientos afectivo-sexuales, a los que ellos creen tener derecho por naturaleza, y a los hombres atractivos y sexualmente activos, que restringen sus posibilidades con las mujeres y los condenan a la soledad. Y desean utilizar la violencia contra todos ellos; siendo que seis InCels ya han asesinado en masa a un total de 27 personas y herido a 43 en Estados Unidos y Canadá entre 2014 y 2019. En este trabajo, se debate la inclusión de este grupo en la categoría de terrorista. Para ello, primero se exponen las controversias y las características definitorias del terrorismo. Después, se realiza un análisis exhaustivo con metodología cualitativa de los asesinatos InCels mediante un revisión de 54 artículos en prensa y de los manifiestos ideológicos publicados por tres perpetradores. Se debate entonces la inclusión de los InCels en la categoría de terroristas, siguiendo los criterios definitorios del terrorismo expuestos en la introducción. Se concluye que los InCels no pueden considerarse hoy día un fenómeno terrorista, pero sí muy parecido, al cumplir cuatro de los seis criterios pero carecer de dos: una intención real de imponer su voluntad a los poderes estatales y un intento de subvertir los principios democráticos fundamentales. Finalmente, se critican los problemas de ética, rigurosidad y utilidad del concepto de terrorismo, proponiendo su abandono, explicitando la esterilidad del debate planteado y privilegiando el estudio de las causas macroestructurales e histórico-individuales específicas a las conductas concretas de los InCels.The Involuntary Celibates (InCels) are a group of men, gathered in forums on the Internet, who strongly hate women since they reject their affective-sexual approaches, to which they believe they are entitled by nature, and attractive and sexually active men, who restrict their possibilities with women and condemn them to loneliness. Inaddition, some of its members wish to use violence against all of them. Six InCels have already carried out mass murders in the United States and Canada, out of which a total of 27 people were killed and 43 injured between 2014 and 2019. In this paper, the inclusion of this group in the category of terrorist is discussed. To do this, the controversias and defining characteristics of terrorism are first exposed. Then, an exhaustive analysis with qualitative methodology of the InCels murders is carried out through a review of 54 press articles and of the ideological manifestos published by three perpetrators. The inclusion of InCels in the category of terrorists is then discussed, following the defining criteria of terrorism set out in the introduction. It is concluded that the InCels cannot be considered today a terrorist phenomenon, but a very similar one, fulfilling four of the six criteria but lacking other two: a real intention to impose their will on the state powers, and an attempt to subvert fundamental democratic principles. Finally, the problems of ethics, rigor and usefulness of the concept of terrorism are criticized, proposing its abandonment, making explicit the sterility of the proposed debate and favoring the study of macrostructural and historicalindividual causes specific to the concrete behaviors of the InCels.

Cadernos Pagu ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 115-140
Author(s):  
Felicity Amaya Schaeffer

This article explores the ways the foreign emerges as a fantasy of mobility in the Cybermarriage Industry uniting Mexican and Colombian women with U.S. men. While some women use the marketing of their bodies as passionate and erotic to attract opportunities such as marriage with U.S. men, Internet scholars during the 1990s celebrated the Internet as a utopian space for enacting oneself outside the limitations of the physical body. These theories, I argue, lack an analysis of the state and the political economy in their post-body analysis of Internet exchanges.


En Estados Unidos no hay religión oficial, ni confesionalismo, ni Iglesia de Estado, pero la religión tiene un peso superior a otros países occidentales. La ciudad más poblada de Missouri, Kansas City, es un ejemplo de diversidad religiosa, en cuyo escenario destaca una catedral católica. Estudiamos la evolución del edificio y modelo de gestión patrimonial a partir de una metodología cualitativa y de la realización de entrevistas a religiosos y gestores culturales. Un modelo que puede transformarse como consecuencia de los procesos de recentralización y gentrificación que están afectando al Power and Light District, el barrio donde ésta se localiza. In the United States, there is no official religion, no confessionalism and no Church representative of the State. Nonetheless, religion plays a more influential role than in other Western countries. The most populous city of Missouri is Kansas City, and it is an example of religious diversity, with a Catholic cathedral standing out against its urban background. This article examines the building’s evolution and model of heritage management, based on a qualitative methodology and interviews with religious figures and cultural managers. It is a model that might see changes as a result of the process of recentralization and gentrification currently undergone by the Power and Light District, the neighbourhood where the Cathedral is located.


2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (8) ◽  
pp. E1312-E1321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Noel ◽  
Deborah Bathke ◽  
Brian Fuchs ◽  
Denise Gutzmer ◽  
Tonya Haigh ◽  
...  

Abstract The U.S. Drought Monitor (USDM), a weekly map depicting severity and spatial extent of drought, is used to communicate about drought in state and federal decision-making, and as a trigger in response policies, including the distribution of hundreds of millions of dollars for agricultural financial relief in the United States annually. An accompanying classification table helps interpret the map and includes a column of possible impacts associated with each level of drought severity. However, the column describing potential drought impacts is generalized for the entire United States. To provide more geographically specific interpretation of drought, state and regionally specific drought impact classification tables were developed by linking impacts chronicled in the Drought Impact Reporter (DIR) to USDM severity levels across the United States and Puerto Rico and identifying recurrent themes at each level. After creating state-level tables of impacts observed for each level of drought, a nationwide survey was administered to drought experts and decision-makers (n = 89), including the USDM authors, to understand whether the tables provided accurate descriptions of drought impacts in their state. Seventy-six percent of respondents indicated the state table was an acceptable or good characterization of drought impacts for their respective state. This classification scheme was created with a reproducible qualitative methodology that used past observations to identify themes in drought impacts across multiple sectors to concisely describe expected impacts at different levels of drought in each state.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-160
Author(s):  
Margarita Novo Malvárez ◽  
Joseph R. Hartman

En Estados Unidos no hay religión oficial, ni confesionalismo, ni Iglesia de Estado, pero la religión tiene un peso superior a otros países occidentales. La ciudad más poblada de Missouri, Kansas City, es un ejemplo de diversidad religiosa, en cuyo escenario destaca una catedral católica. Estudiamos la evolución del edificio y modelo de gestión patrimonial a partir de una metodología cualitativa y de la realización de entrevistas a religiosos y gestores culturales. Un modelo que puede transformarse como consecuencia de los procesos de recentralización y gentrificación que están afectando al Power and Light District, el barrio donde ésta se localiza. In the United States, there is no official religion, no confessionalism and no Church representative of the State. Nonetheless, religion plays a more influential role than in other Western countries. The most populous city of Missouri is Kansas City, and it is an example of religious diversity, with a Catholic cathedral standing out against its urban background. This article examines the building’s evolution and model of heritage management, based on a qualitative methodology and interviews with religious figures and cultural managers. It is a model that might see changes as a result of the process of recentralization and gentrification currently undergone by the Power and Light District, the neighbourhood where the Cathedral is located.


2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 186-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malini Ratnasingam ◽  
Lee Ellis

Background. Nearly all of the research on sex differences in mass media utilization has been based on samples from the United States and a few other Western countries. Aim. The present study examines sex differences in mass media utilization in four Asian countries (Japan, Malaysia, South Korea, and Singapore). Methods. College students self-reported the frequency with which they accessed the following five mass media outlets: television dramas, televised news and documentaries, music, newspapers and magazines, and the Internet. Results. Two significant sex differences were found when participants from the four countries were considered as a whole: Women watched television dramas more than did men; and in Japan, female students listened to music more than did their male counterparts. Limitations. A wider array of mass media outlets could have been explored. Conclusions. Findings were largely consistent with results from studies conducted elsewhere in the world, particularly regarding sex differences in television drama viewing. A neurohormonal evolutionary explanation is offered for the basic findings.


Commonwealth ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennie Sweet-Cushman ◽  
Ashley Harden

For many families across Pennsylvania, child care is an ever-present concern. Since the 1970s, when Richard Nixon vetoed a national childcare program, child care has received little time in the policy spotlight. Instead, funding for child care in the United States now comes from a mixture of federal, state, and local programs that do not help all families. This article explores childcare options available to families in the state of Pennsylvania and highlights gaps in the current system. Specifically, we examine the state of child care available to families in the Commonwealth in terms of quality, accessibility, flexibility, and affordability. We also incorporate survey data from a nonrepresentative sample of registered Pennsylvania voters conducted by the Pennsylvania Center for Women and Politics. As these results support the need for improvements in the current childcare system, we discuss recommendations for the future.


2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-74
Author(s):  
Hristov Manush

AbstractThe main objective of the study is to trace the perceptions of the task of an aviation component to provide direct aviation support to both ground and naval forces. Part of the study is devoted to tracing the combat experience gained during the assignment by the Bulgarian Air Force in the final combat operations against the Wehrmacht during the Second World War 1944-1945. The state of the conceptions at the present stage regarding the accomplishment of the task in conducting defensive and offensive battles and operations is also considered. Emphasis is also placed on the development of the perceptions of the task in the armies of the United States and Russia.


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