scholarly journals Three-dimensional data-tracking simulations of sprinting using a direct collocation optimal control approach

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10975
Author(s):  
Nicos Haralabidis ◽  
Gil Serrancolí ◽  
Steffi Colyer ◽  
Ian Bezodis ◽  
Aki Salo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Contact Model ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Ground Contact ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Data Tracking ◽  
The Individual

Biomechanical simulation and modelling approaches have the possibility to make a meaningful impact within applied sports settings, such as sprinting. However, for this to be realised, such approaches must first undergo a thorough quantitative evaluation against experimental data. We developed a musculoskeletal modelling and simulation framework for sprinting, with the objective to evaluate its ability to reproduce experimental kinematics and kinetics data for different sprinting phases. This was achieved by performing a series of data-tracking calibration (individual and simultaneous) and validation simulations, that also featured the generation of dynamically consistent simulated outputs and the determination of foot-ground contact model parameters. The simulated values from the calibration simulations were found to be in close agreement with the corresponding experimental data, particularly for the kinematics (average root mean squared differences (RMSDs) less than 1.0° and 0.2 cm for the rotational and translational kinematics, respectively) and ground reaction force (highest average percentage RMSD of 8.1%). Minimal differences in tracking performance were observed when concurrently determining the foot-ground contact model parameters from each of the individual or simultaneous calibration simulations. The validation simulation yielded results that were comparable (RMSDs less than 1.0° and 0.3 cm for the rotational and translational kinematics, respectively) to those obtained from the calibration simulations. This study demonstrated the suitability of the proposed framework for performing future predictive simulations of sprinting, and gives confidence in its use to assess the cause-effect relationships of technique modification in relation to performance. Furthermore, this is the first study to provide dynamically consistent three-dimensional muscle-driven simulations of sprinting across different phases.

A Two-Dimensional Nonlinear Volumetric Foot Contact Model

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukhpreet Singh Sandhu ◽  
John McPhee
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Material Behavior ◽  
Contact Model ◽  
Constitutive Behavior ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Nonlinear Springs ◽  
Volumetric Model ◽  
Foot Pad

This paper presents the development of a two-dimensional (2D) multibody foot contact model consisting of a volumetric model of foot pad. The volumetric model employs nonlinear springs and linear dampers to represent the complex material behavior of the foot pad, typical of a visco-hyperelastic material. The nonlinear springs of the foot contact model are motivated by an Ogden-type material that can describe the nonlinear constitutive behavior of a wide variety of biological tissues and rubbers. The geometry of the foot pad is modeled as three simplified ellipse which represent the heel, balls of the feet, and toe. The efficacy of the developed foot contact model is established by driving the simulation model with kinematics observed from walking experiments and comparing the generated ground reaction force with the experimental data.

Design and Evaluation of an Adaptive Ground Contact Model

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian D. Remy ◽  
Darryl G. Thelen
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Contact Model ◽  
Human Gait ◽  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Ground Contact ◽  
Inverse Dynamic ◽  
Dynamic Analyses ◽  
Reaction Forces

Ground reaction forces are the driving element of human gait. They are — in the form of forceplate measures — included in virtually all inverse dynamic analyses. While it is possible to base forward dynamic analyses on such measurements, it is preferable to model the foot-floor interactions such that simulations can be performed independent of experimental data. Such a representation then facilitates the use of simulations to predict how movement would change in response to an impairment or intervention.

Do Lower-Limb Kinematic and Kinetic Asymmetries Transfer Across Sprint Running and Countermovement Jumps in University Rugby Union Players?

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 258-262
Author(s):  
Lewis J. Vizard ◽  
Gareth Peden ◽  
Maximilian M. Wdowski
Keyword(s):  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Sprint Running ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Level Of Agreement

The aim of this study was to examine if lower-limb kinetic and kinematic asymmetries are transferred between sprint running and countermovement jumps in a group of university Rugby Union players. Eight university Rugby Union players (20.3 ± 1.6 years) participated in the study. Three-dimensional kinematic and force platform data recorded sprint runs and countermovement jumps. Across the two movements there was a substantial and moderate level of agreement for the ankle range of motion and peak normalized ground reaction force, respectively. No significant differences were observed between interlimb kinematic and kinetic variables at the group level. Lower-limb asymmetries may be transferred across dynamic movements and are present at the individual level.

scholarly journals Interactive, visual simulation of a spatio-temporal model of gas exchange in the human alveolus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Schmid ◽  
Andreas Knote ◽  
Alexander Mueck ◽  
Keram Pfeiffer ◽  
Sebastian von Mammen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Visual Simulation ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Interactive Simulation ◽  
Temporal Model ◽  
Spatio Temporal

In interdisciplinary fields such as systems biology, close collaboration between experimentalists and theorists is crucial for the success of a project. Theoretical modeling in physiology usually describes complex systems with many interdependencies. On one hand, these models have to be grounded on experimental data. On the other hand, experimenters must be able to penetrate the model in its dependencies in order to correctly interpret the results in the physiological context. When theorists and experimenters collaborate, communicating results and ideas is sometimes challenging. We promote interactive, visual simulations as an engaging way to communicate theoretical models in physiology and to thereby advance our understanding of the process of interest. We defined a new spatio-temporal model for gas exchange in the human alveolus and implemented it in an interactive simulation software named Alvin. In Alvin, the course of the simulation can be traced in a three-dimensional rendering of an alveolus and dynamic plots. The user can interact by configuring essential model parameters. Alvin allows to run and compare multiple simulation instances simultaneously. The mathematical model was developed with the aim of visualization and the simulation software was engineered based on a requirements analysis. Our work resulted in an integrative gas exchange model and an interactive application that exceed the current standards. We exemplified the use of Alvin for research by identifying unknown dependencies in published experimental data. Employing a detailed questionnaire, we showed the benefits of Alvin for education. We postulate that interactive, visual simulation of theoretical models, as we have implemented with Alvin on respiratory processes in the alveolus, can be of great help for communication between specialists and thereby advancing research.

Dynamically adjustable foot-ground contact model to estimate ground reaction force during walking and running

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 62-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yihwan Jung ◽  
Moonki Jung ◽  
Jiseon Ryu ◽  
Sukhoon Yoon ◽  
Sang-Kyoon Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Contact Model ◽  
Ground Contact

Deformation Characterization of Mouse Oocyte Cell Using Inverse Finite Element and Levenberg–Marquardt Optimization Algorithm in Needle Injection Experiment

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali A. Abbasi ◽  
M. T. Ahmadian
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Mouse Oocyte ◽  
Material Behavior ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Levenberg Marquardt ◽  
Hyperelastic Model

In order to better understand the mechanical properties of biological cells, characterization and investigation of their material behavior is necessary. In this paper hyperelastic Neo-Hookean material is used to characterize the mechanical properties of mouse oocyte cell. It has been assumed that the cell behavior is continues, isotropic, nonlinear and homogenous material. Then, by matching the experimental data with finite element (FE) simulation result and using the Levenberg–Marquardt optimization algorithm, the nonlinear hyperelastic model parameters have been extracted. Experimental data of mouse oocyte captured from literatures. Advantage of the developed model is that it can be used to calculate accurate reaction force on surgical instrument or it can be used to compute deformation or force in virtual reality based medical simulations.

scholarly journals Optimism and pessimism in optimised replay

2022 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. e1009634
Author(s):  
Georgy Antonov ◽  
Christopher Gagne ◽  
Eran Eldar ◽  
Peter Dayan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Internal Models ◽  
Recent Experimental Data ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
The World ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Fitting Model

The replay of task-relevant trajectories is known to contribute to memory consolidation and improved task performance. A wide variety of experimental data show that the content of replayed sequences is highly specific and can be modulated by reward as well as other prominent task variables. However, the rules governing the choice of sequences to be replayed still remain poorly understood. One recent theoretical suggestion is that the prioritization of replay experiences in decision-making problems is based on their effect on the choice of action. We show that this implies that subjects should replay sub-optimal actions that they dysfunctionally choose rather than optimal ones, when, by being forgetful, they experience large amounts of uncertainty in their internal models of the world. We use this to account for recent experimental data demonstrating exactly pessimal replay, fitting model parameters to the individual subjects’ choices.

Parameter identification method for a three-dimensional foot–ground contact model

2014 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Pàmies-Vilà ◽  
Josep M. Font-Llagunes ◽  
Urbano Lugrís ◽  
Javier Cuadrado
Keyword(s):  
Parameter Identification ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Contact Model ◽  
Ground Contact ◽  
Identification Method

Validation of a Torso-Mounted Accelerometer for Measures of Vertical Oscillation and Ground Contact Time During Treadmill Running

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricky Watari ◽  
Blayne Hettinga ◽  
Sean Osis ◽  
Reed Ferber
Keyword(s):  
Contact Time ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Vertical Oscillation ◽  
Ground Contact ◽  
Concordance Correlation ◽  
Single Marker ◽  
Ground Contact Time

The purpose of this study was to validate measures of vertical oscillation (VO) and ground contact time (GCT) derived from a commercially-available, torso-mounted accelerometer compared with single marker kinematics and kinetic ground reaction force (GRF) data. Twenty-two semi-elite runners ran on an instrumented treadmill while GRF data (1000 Hz) and three-dimensional kinematics (200 Hz) were collected for 60 s across 5 different running speeds ranging from 2.7 to 3.9 m/s. Measurement agreement was assessed by Bland-Altman plots with 95% limits of agreement and by concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). The accelerometer had excellent CCC agreement (> 0.97) with marker kinematics, but only moderate agreement, and overestimated measures between 16.27 mm to 17.56 mm compared with GRF VO measures. The GCT measures from the accelerometer had very good CCC agreement with GRF data, with less than 6 ms of mean bias at higher speeds. These results indicate a torsomounted accelerometer provides valid and accurate measures of torso-segment VO, but both a marker placed on the torso and the accelerometer yield systematic overestimations of center of mass VO. Measures of GCT from the accelerometer are valid when compared with GRF data, particularly at faster running speeds.

scholarly journals Optimism and Pessimism in Optimised Replay

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgy K. Antonov ◽  
Christopher Gagne ◽  
Eran Eldar ◽  
Peter Dayan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Recent Experimental Data ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Optimal Outcomes ◽  
The World ◽  
The Individual

ABSTRACTThe replay of task-relevant trajectories is known to contribute to memory consolidation and improved task performance. A wide variety of experimental data show that the content of replayed sequences is highly specific and can be modulated by reward as well as other prominent task variables. However, the rules governing the choice of sequences to be replayed still remain poorly understood. One recent theoretical suggestion is that the prioritization of replay experiences in decision-making problems is based on their effect on the choice of action. We exploit this to address recent experimental data showing in a particular task that human subjects tended to replay sub-optimal outcomes that they later chose to avoid. We show that pessimistic replay is of benefit to forgetful agents experiencing large amounts of uncertainty in their models of the world. Further, we fit our model parameters to the individual subjects’ choices and confirm that their replay choices were appropriate according to the proposed scheme.

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