scholarly journals Geo-Chemical Techniques for Earthquake Forecasting in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-45
Author(s):  
Lungfa Collins Wuyep ◽  
Umar Afegbua Kadiri ◽  
Isogun Adeyemi Monday ◽  
Nanshin Emmanuel Nansak ◽  
Lumi Zakka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Physical Mechanism ◽  
Earthquake Forecasting ◽  
Theoretical Knowledge ◽  
Seismic Record ◽  
Earthquake Forecast ◽  
Forecasting System ◽  
Chemical Techniques ◽  
Precursory Phenomena ◽  
The Relationship

Regardless of the doubt caused by some rounds on the impossibility of earthquake forecast, more and more countries, even at the highest governmental levels, realize that doing nothing is the ostrich position of dread before the real difficulties associated with the creation of a real forecasting system. Nigeria in times past was believed to be aseismic. However, the seismic record of Nigeria from 1933-2021 have demonstrated in contrast to the idea, numerous quakes have been recorded in Nigeria throughout the years. With the development of observation techniques and theoretical knowledge of geochemistry, geochemical observation of faults gas has become a hotspot once more in recent years. Rn, Hg, H2, etc., are used for geochemical observations. 222Rn has a half-life of 3.825 days, a magnitude 5.0 earthquake will be detected through precursory phenomena at a distance not greater than 142 km. Mercury and other elements are used as important detectors for earthquake prediction and they play an important role in revealing the relationship between fluid in the fault zone and the occurrence of earthquakes, the range for a magnitude 5.0 earthquake is limited to 200 km. Hydrogen concentrations have been monitored for precursory variations in many fault systems, using either discrete sampling and laboratory analysis or continuous monitoring of ground gas, using hydrogen-sensitive fuel cells. Precursory changes in groundwater chemistry are often attributed to the mixing of fluids from two or more chemically distinct aquifers, the physical mechanism responsible for the mixing of fluids is, however, not well established.

scholarly journals Domain randomization-enhanced deep learning models for bird detection

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Mao ◽  
Jun Kang Chow ◽  
Pin Siang Tan ◽  
Kuan-fu Liu ◽  
Jimmy Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Bird Detection ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractAutomatic bird detection in ornithological analyses is limited by the accuracy of existing models, due to the lack of training data and the difficulties in extracting the fine-grained features required to distinguish bird species. Here we apply the domain randomization strategy to enhance the accuracy of the deep learning models in bird detection. Trained with virtual birds of sufficient variations in different environments, the model tends to focus on the fine-grained features of birds and achieves higher accuracies. Based on the 100 terabytes of 2-month continuous monitoring data of egrets, our results cover the findings using conventional manual observations, e.g., vertical stratification of egrets according to body size, and also open up opportunities of long-term bird surveys requiring intensive monitoring that is impractical using conventional methods, e.g., the weather influences on egrets, and the relationship of the migration schedules between the great egrets and little egrets.

The Establishment of an Operational Earthquake Forecasting System in Italy

2014 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 961-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Marzocchi ◽  
A. M. Lombardi ◽  
E. Casarotti
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Forecasting ◽  
Forecasting System

Transit-oriented development in West Bay, Business District of Doha, State of Qatar

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Al Saeed ◽  
Raffaello Furlan
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Social Sustainability ◽  
Theoretical Knowledge ◽  
Transit Oriented Development ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Business District ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose West Bay, the Business District of Doha, the capital city of the State of Qatar, is facing an urban regeneration phase due to the construction of the West Bay Central Train Station, a four-storey underground building hosting the intersection of two metro lines – one long-distance train and one people mover. The development of the transit village, or transit-oriented development, is raising concerns related to the need to enhance liveability (as urban quality of life) and sense of place (considering the local cultural identity). The purpose of this paper is to investigate existing urban elements, such as transit stations, as well as their impact on the liveability and identity of the place and to define a comprehensive urban regeneration strategy for the development of the distinctive urban village of West Bay. Design/methodology/approach The analysis and data collection were based on the type of data as tangible aspects which mainly include the physical, and aspects such as diversity, density, connectivity, transportation systems and public realm. Intangible factors are concluded from close and direct site observation, semi-structured in-depth interviews, as a face-to-face type of data collection with key persons in Qatar Rail, the Ministry of the Municipality and public work authorities, where the intangible aspects were briefed by economic aspects, environmental situation, social pattern and human behaviours. After siting the base ground of theoretical knowledge and site condition analysis, the authors identified a group of key factors that respond to the targeted (tangible and intangible) aspects and threats, to propose a design treatment for the site threats and highlighted issues in addition to a group of recommendations and design strategies (Charmaz, 2006; Marshall and Rossman, 2010). Findings From the data analysis of the site and by revisiting the literature review, a group of recommendations are formulated. The authors divided the recommendations into two types according to their method of application. The first is the design approach, where the authors propose integrated design proposals to tackle and solve the highlighted issues from the findings of site analysis (diversity, density, connectivity in addition to economic, social and environmental factors). Meanwhile, the second part represents the systematic recommendations that should be adopted and implemented to enhance the existing situation and form a guideline for further developments. Research limitations/implications This research study could be further expanded to urban planning, urban design, social development and environmental engineering. Urban design and social development chiefly focus on the relationship between built and unbuilt forms with an eye to creating healthy, sustainable communities for current and future generations. Originality/value Because issues of social sustainability and urban design have failed to attract suitable levels of attention from local scholars, gaps have arisen in the research. Accordingly, this research study investigates the relationship between social sustainability and urban design standards in the State of Qatar with an eye to translating theoretical knowledge into applicable principles of urban planning. In doing so, it will help close the gaps in knowledge related to Qatar and GCC countries.

Physical mechanism or evolutionary trade-off? Factors dictating the relationship between metabolic rate and ambient temperature in carabid beetles

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Gudowska ◽  
Bartosz W. Schramm ◽  
Marcin Czarnoleski ◽  
Jan Kozłowski ◽  
Ulf Bauchinger
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Physical Mechanism ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
The Relationship

Exploring the relationship between the skill of hydrological ensemble predictions and catchment descriptors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emixi Valdez ◽  
Francois Anctil ◽  
Maria-Helena Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Ensemble Forecasting ◽  
Ensemble Prediction ◽  
Hydrological Models ◽  
Streamflow Forecasting ◽  
Forecast Performance ◽  
Ensemble Prediction System ◽  
Sources Of Uncertainty ◽  
Skill Scores ◽  
Forecasting System ◽  
The Relationship

<p>Skillful hydrological forecasts are essential for decision-making in many areas such as preparedness against natural disasters, water resources management, and hydropower operations. Despite the great technological advances, obtaining skillful predictions from a forecasting system, under a range of conditions and geographic locations, remain a difficult task. It is still unclear why some systems perform better than others at different temporal and spatial scales. Much work has been devoted to investigate the quality of forecasts and the relative contributions of meteorological forcing, catchment’s initial conditions, and hydrological model structure in a streamflow forecasting system. These sources of uncertainty are rarely considered fully and simultaneously in operational systems, and there are still gaps in understanding their relationship with the dominant processes and mechanisms that operate in a given river basin. In this study, we use a multi-model hydrological ensemble prediction system (H-EPS) named HOOPLA (HydrOlOgical Prediction Laboratory), which allows to account separately for these three main sources of uncertainty in hydrological ensemble forecasting. Through the use of EnKF data assimilation, of 20 lumped hydrological models, and of the 50-member ECMWF medium-range weather forecasts, we explore the relationship between the skill of ensemble predictions and the many descriptors (e.g. catchment surface, climatology, morphology, flow threshold and hydrological regime) that influence hydrological predictability. We analyze streamflow forecasts at 50 stations spread across Quebec, France and Colombia, over the period from 2011 to 2015 and for lead times up to 9 days. The forecast performance is assessed using common metrics for forecast quality verification, such as CRPS, Brier skill score, and reliability diagrams. Skill scores are computed using a probabilistic climatology benchmark, which was generated with the hydrological models forced by resampled historical meteorological data. Our results contribute to relevant literature on the topic and bring additional insight into the role of each descriptor in the skill of a hydrometeorological ensemble forecasting chain, serving as a possible guide for potential users to identify the circumstances or conditions in which it is more efficient to implement a given system.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals LITERATURE REVIEW STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEADERSHIP STYLE, LEADERSHIP BEHAVIOUR, AND LEADERSHIP TRAITS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 152-159
Author(s):  
Wael Ibrahim Alsarrani ◽  
Ahmad Jusoh ◽  
Ayman Ahmed Alhaseri ◽  
Amani Almeharish
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Theoretical Knowledge ◽  
Leadership Traits ◽  
Systematic Method ◽  
Leadership Behaviour ◽  
Management Literature ◽  
Review Study ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: This paper attempts to interpret and discuss leadership and the three contradicted terms to reveal the misuse of those three terms with leadership. Methodology: The study uses a systematic method to review the previous literature related to the leadership domain and the three contradicted terms related to leadership. These are leadership style, leadership behaviour, and leadership traits. In addition, this study provides the definitions of the three contradicted terms from a linguistic and management literature perspective. Main Findings: The study proposed a definition of each of the three contradicted terms. Additionally, the study suggested a conceptual framework that combined how the three contradicted terms can be related. The findings will contribute to the expansion of theoretical knowledge in the field of leadership. Applications of this study: This paper indicates that the review of the literature regarding what differentiates the three contradicted terms is an important aspect to deeply understand leadership concepts. The definition of each of the three contradicted terms will expand the understanding of junior leadership researchers and university students. The study's originality: This study will reveal the ambiguity and misinterpretation in the literature regarding the three contradicted terms of leadership. Moreover, it will present the definition of each of the three terms; leadership style, leadership behaviour, and leadership traits. Furthermore, the proposed conceptual framework will contribute to the expansion of theoretical knowledge in the leadership domain.

scholarly journals EDUCAÇÃO E TRABALHO NO BRASIL: análise da experiência da escola DIEESE e do novo curso superior em ciências do trabalho

Revista Labor ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (18) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Stênia Cássia Militão
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Production Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Theoretical Knowledge ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Capitalist Production ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
The Relationship

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a pesquisa realizada sobre a experiência de um novo curso de graduação, o bacharelado em Ciências do Trabalho, ofertado por uma instituição de ensino superior recém-criada, a Escola DIEESE de Ciências do Trabalho que apresenta em sua proposta pedagógica, produzir conhecimento a partir do saber e da experiência do aluno trabalhador. Partindo de estudos que tratam sobre a relação entre educação e trabalho no Brasil, que evidenciam a lógica do modo de produção capitalista de negar a muitos trabalhadores o acesso ao saber teórico, e sua vinculação com o saber prático, a pesquisa se propôs a analisar em que medida a proposta do curso de Ciências do Trabalho pode apresentar uma pedagogia contra-hegemônica. Para tanto, a pesquisa eminentemente qualitativa, na condição de estudo de caso sobre o referido curso, foi realizada utilizando-se de pesquisa documental, por meio da análise dos relatórios e documentos institucionais da Escola DIEESE, e da sua entidade mantenedora, e ainda, entrevistas com 20 alunos egressos da primeira turma, que concluíram o curso de Ciências do Trabalho no ano de 2015. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam para alguns desafios, em especial, por se tratar de um curso novo e pouco conhecido, mas por outro lado, evidenciam por meio dos relatos dos alunos entrevistados, que o currículo e a metodologia do curso de Ciências do Trabalho, permitiram, entre outras importantes questões, desenvolver uma maior compreensão teórica a respeito da realidade.ABSTRACTThis article aims to present the research carried out on the experience of a new undergraduate program, the Bachelor of Work Sciences, offered by a newly created institution of higher education, the DIEESE School of Work Sciences, which features in its pedagogical proposal, to produce knowledge from what is known and from the experience of the student worker. Starting from studies that treat on the relationship between education and work in Brazil, which highlight the logic of the capitalist production method of denying many workers access to theoretical knowledge and its connection with practical knowledge. This research aims to analyze the extent to which the proposed Work Sciences course can submit a counter-hegemonic pedagogy. To this end, the eminently qualitative research, case study on this course, was performed using documentary research, through the analysis of the institutional school reports and documents of DIEESE and its maintaining entity, and interviews with 20 graduates from the first group, who completed the Work Sciences course in the year of 2015. The survey results point to some challenges, in particular because it is a new course and little known, but on the other hand, show, through the reports of the students interviewed, that the curriculum and methodology of the Work Sciences course allowed, among other important issues, to develop a greater theoretical understanding of the reality.

scholarly journals Appraisal of Main Extreme Parameters of Earthquakes in Nigeria Using the Weibull Equations

2020 ◽  
pp. 71-85
Author(s):  
A. A. Abong ◽  
B. U. Asuquo ◽  
C. A. Ushie
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Intensity Scale ◽  
Earthquake Forecast ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Instrumental Data ◽  
Probability Of Occurrence ◽  
Richter Scale ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Extreme Parameters

This study investigated earthquake occurrences in Nigeria using the Weibull equations. The data employed in this study was the historical and instrumental data recorded from 1933 to 2018. The relationship between intensity scale and Richter magnitude scale given by Gutenberg and Richter was used to convert from intensity scale to Richter scale. The Weibull equations were used to compute probabilities and return periods of earthquakes. The findings of the study revealed that the return period for an earthquake of magnitude 6.5 on Richter’s scale is 86 years; an earthquake of magnitude 4.7 is 34.4 years; an earthquake of magnitude 4.2 is 17.2 years and earthquake of magnitudes 2-3.7 is between 5.56-14.3years. This implies that Nigeria may not likely experience any earthquake of magnitude 6.5 till the year 2025 since earthquake of magnitude 6.5 last occurred in 1939 but the probability of occurrence is 1.16% or 0.0116. Earthquakes of highest magnitudes 6.5, 4.7 and 4.2 on Richter’s scale for a 100 year period which indicate the most hazardous in the location with probabilities exceedance of 1.16%, 2.91% and 4.65% were evaluated. It was observed that as the time increases the probability of occurrence of these earthquakes increases with it and vice versa with magnitude 4.2 having (99.1%), magnitude 4.7 having (94.8%) and magnitude 6.5 having (80.07%). But earthquake forecast or prediction is still a complicated issue due to saturation of earthquake magnitudes and variation in seismic data collection by different seismic stations and networks. The implication of this study is that the findings will help Nigeria government to protect its people, infrastructures and the constructions that are going to take place especially earthquake – prone areas like southwestern Nigeria.

scholarly journals EARTHQUAKE FORECASTING USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-5 ◽  
pp. 823-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bhatia ◽  
S. Pasari ◽  
A. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Earthquake Forecasting ◽  
Accuracy Evaluation ◽  
Neural Network Architecture ◽  
Forecasting System ◽  
Artificial Neural

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Earthquake is one of the most devastating natural calamities that takes thousands of lives and leaves millions more homeless and deprives them of the basic necessities. Earthquake forecasting can minimize the death count and economic loss encountered by the affected region to a great extent. This study presents an earthquake forecasting system by using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Two different techniques are used with the first focusing on the accuracy evaluation of multilayer perceptron using different inputs and different set of hyper-parameters. The limitation of earthquake data in the first experiment led us to explore another technique, known as nowcasting of earthquakes. The nowcasting technique determines the current progression of earthquake cycle of higher magnitude earthquakes by taking into account the number of smaller earthquake events in the same region. To implement the nowcasting method, a Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) neural network architecture is considered because such networks are one of the most recent and promising developments in the time-series analysis. Results of different experiments are discussed along with their consequences.</p>

Issues in Linguistics: A View From the Outside

1988 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-511
Author(s):  
Jayant K. Lele
Keyword(s):  
Physical Mechanism ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Ideal Type ◽  
Linguistic Theory ◽  
State Condition ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Language Faculty ◽  
External Evidence ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
The Relationship

To an outsider looking at linguistic theory, the problem of internal vs. external evidence seems to arise out of a conflation of two relatively distinct enterprises. The first of these tries to establish a claim that there is a distinct, organic, language faculty (a language organ), that is, a species-specific characteristic common to all humans. The second is an attempt to abstract from the facts of diversity a structure that has equivalent universal characteristics and thus can be seen as an ideal type or as an ideal initial state condition (of a pure and uniform experience) under which a language is acquired by a native speaker. As I understand it, the relationship between these two enterprises is yet to be fully determined given the fact that the physical mechanism that has been deduced to correspond to a property of mind is as of now largely unknown.

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