scholarly journals Surgical Management of Lymphatic Leakage

2021 ◽  
pp. 317-323
Author(s):  
Hashem Bark Awadh Abood ◽  
Atheer Hamad Alatawi ◽  
Abdulaziz Ali ALMohammed ◽  
Mutasim Hassan Alhasani ◽  
Saleh Amir Almutairi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymphatic System ◽  
Interventional Procedure ◽  
Chylous Ascites ◽  
The Body ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Surgical Closure ◽  
Pharmacological Manipulation ◽  
Lymphatic Fistula ◽  
Underlying Illness ◽  
Flow Through

Lymphatics are found in almost every organ in the body, and they produce a variety of waste products that must be eliminated. lymphatic leakage is a typical occurrence. It can cause immunodeficiency as well as nutritional issues. Furthermore, it has a significant morbidity and death rate, depending on the existence of an underlying illness. Lymphatic leakage can be congenital, traumatic, or cancerous, and occurs when the lymphatic system is disrupted. It might take the following forms: Chylothorax, Lymphatic Fistula, Chylous Ascites. treatment of lymph leaks includes: reduction of lymphatic flow through physiological or pharmacological manipulation; replacement of fluid and electrolytes, as well as interventional procedure and/or direct surgical closure. In this review we’ll be discussing lymphatic system anatomy, its leakage and its management.

Scanning electron microscopy of freeze-fractured prescapular lymph node of caprine

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 244-245
Author(s):  
O. Faroon ◽  
F. Al-Bagdadi ◽  
T. G. Snider ◽  
C. Titkemeyer
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Lymphatic System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Cellular Constituent ◽  
Scanning Electron

The lymphatic system is very important in the immunological activities of the body. Clinicians confirm the diagnosis of infectious diseases by palpating the involved cutaneous lymph node for changes in size, heat, and consistency. Clinical pathologists diagnose systemic diseases through biopsies of superficial lymph nodes. In many parts of the world the goat is considered as an important source of milk and meat products.The lymphatic system has been studied extensively. These studies lack precise information on the natural morphology of the lymph nodes and their vascular and cellular constituent. This is due to using improper technique for such studies. A few studies used the SEM, conducted by cutting the lymph node with a blade. The morphological data collected by this method are artificial and do not reflect the normal three dimensional surface of the examined area of the lymph node. SEM has been used to study the lymph vessels and lymph nodes of different animals. No information on the cutaneous lymph nodes of the goat has ever been collected using the scanning electron microscope.

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DOSES OF PREDNISOLONE AND ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIC HORMONE (ACTH) ON LYMPHATIC LUNG CLEARANCE AND ON EXPERIMENTAL SILICOSIS

1970 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-337
Author(s):  
Carl-Johan Göthe
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Lymphatic System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lung Weight ◽  
Lung Clearance ◽  
Dust Transport ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Quartz Dust ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT The effect of three doses of prednisolone and ACTH respectively on the weight of the body, the lungs and the hilar lymph nodes was studied on rats killed one month after the intratracheal (i.t.) injection of 50 mg of fine-particulate quartz. The prednisolone was administered via the drinking water, and the ACTH was injected intraperitoneally during the period between the i.t. injection of quartz dust and the killing of the animals. Prednisolone causes the rats to become cachectic and reduces the weight of the hilar lymph nodes. It also retards the transport of quartz dust from the lungs via the lymphatics. All these effects increase with increasing doses of prednisolone. However, its effect on the lung weight is insignificant. ACTH does not affect the body weight, but retards the weight increase of the lungs and the hilar lymph nodes. These effects increase with increasing doses of ACTH, and seem to be connected with an ability of ACTH to promote the clearance of quartz dust from the lungs and hilar lymph nodes. The method used, however, does not make it possible to differentiate quantitatively between any ACTH effects on the bronchogenie and lymphatic lung-clearance mechanisms. Available data, however, indicate that the stimulation of the dust transport from the lungs and hilar lymph nodes is, at least to some extent, related to the lymphatic system.

scholarly journals Protection of Residual Renal Function and Nutritional Treatment: First Step Strategy for Reduction of Uremic Toxins in End-Stage Kidney Disease Patients

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 289
Author(s):  
Adamasco Cupisti ◽  
Piergiorgio Bolasco ◽  
Claudia D’Alessandro ◽  
Domenico Giannese ◽  
Alice Sabatino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Residual Renal Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Uremic Toxins ◽  
End Stage Kidney Disease ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Hemodialysis Treatment ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
Kidney Replacement Therapy ◽  
End Stage

The retention of uremic toxins and their pathological effects occurs in the advanced phases of chronic kidney disease (CKD), mainly in stage 5, when the implementation of conventional thrice-weekly hemodialysis is the prevalent and life-saving treatment. However, the start of hemodialysis is associated with both an acceleration of the loss of residual kidney function (RKF) and the shift to an increased intake of proteins, which are precursors of uremic toxins. In this phase, hemodialysis treatment is the only way to remove toxins from the body, but it can be largely inefficient in the case of high molecular weight and/or protein-bound molecules. Instead, even very low levels of RKF are crucial for uremic toxins excretion, which in most cases are protein-derived waste products generated by the intestinal microbiota. Protection of RKF can be obtained even in patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) by a gradual and soft shift to kidney replacement therapy (KRT), for example by combining a once-a-week hemodialysis program with a low or very low-protein diet on the extra-dialysis days. This approach could represent a tailored strategy aimed at limiting the retention of both inorganic and organic toxins. In this paper, we discuss the combination of upstream (i.e., reduced production) and downstream (i.e., increased removal) strategies to reduce the concentration of uremic toxins in patients with ESKD during the transition phase from pure conservative management to full hemodialysis treatment.

scholarly journals Physiopathology of Spine Metastasis

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulio Maccauro ◽  
Maria Silvia Spinelli ◽  
Sigismondo Mauro ◽  
Carlo Perisano ◽  
Calogero Graci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Bone Metastasis ◽  
Lymphatic System ◽  
Spinal Metastasis ◽  
Bone Destruction ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vicious Cycle ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Local Tumour ◽  
Neurological Injuries

The metastasis is the spread of cancer from one part of the body to another. Two-thirds of patients with cancer will develop bone metastasis. Breast, prostate and lung cancer are responsible for more than 80% of cases of metastatic bone disease. The spine is the most common site of bone metastasis. A spinal metastasis may cause pain, instability and neurological injuries. The diffusion through Batson venous system is the principal process of spinal metastasis, but the dissemination is possible also through arterial and lymphatic system or by contiguity. Once cancer cells have invaded the bone, they produce growth factors that stimulate osteoblastic or osteolytic activity resulting in bone remodeling with release of other growth factors that lead to a vicious cycle of bone destruction and growth of local tumour.

Pressure-flow relations in coronary circulation

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. Hoffman ◽  
J. A. Spaan
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Vessels ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vascular Compression ◽  
Exact Nature ◽  
Coronary Veins ◽  
Collapsible Tubes ◽  
External Pressures ◽  
Flow Through

The blood vessels that run on the surface of the heart and through its muscle are compliant tubes that can be affected by the pressures external to them in at least two ways. If the pressure outside these vessels is higher than the pressure at their downstream ends, the vessels may collapse and become Starling resistors or vascular waterfalls. If this happens, the flow through these vessels depends on their resistance and the pressure drop from their inflow to the pressure around them and is independent of the actual downstream pressure. In the first part of this review, the physics of collapsible tubes is described, and the possible occurrences of vascular waterfalls in the body is evaluated. There is good evidence that waterfall behavior is seen in collateral coronary arteries and in extramural coronary veins, but the evidence that intramural coronary vessels act like vascular waterfalls is inconclusive. There is no doubt that in systole there are high tissue pressures around the intramyocardial vessels, particularly in the subendocardial muscle of the left ventricle. The exact nature and values of the forces that act at the surface of the small intramural vessels, however, are still not known. We are not certain whether radial (compressive) or circumferential and longitudinal (tensile) stresses are the major causes of vascular compression; the role of collagen struts in modifying the reaction of vessel walls to external pressures is unknown but possibly important; direct examination of small subepicardial vessels has failed to show vascular collapse. One of the arguments in favor of intramyocardial vascular waterfalls has been that during a long diastole the flow in the left coronary artery decreases and reaches zero when coronary arterial pressure is still high: it can be as much as 50 mmHg in the autoregulating left coronary arterial bed and approximately 15-20 mmHg even when the vessels have been maximally dilated. These high zero flow pressures, especially during maximal vasodilatation, have been regarded as indicating a high back pressure to flow that is due to waterfall behavior of vessels that are exposed to tissue pressures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

CHYLOUS ASCITES IN INFANCY

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1951 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 632-641
Author(s):  
DONALD GRIBETZ ◽  
ABRAM KANOF
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Newborn Infant ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Chylous Ascites ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Absorption ◽  
Aqueous Dispersions ◽  
Fat Soluble Vitamins ◽  
Supportive Management ◽  
Lymphatic Pathways

A description of a case of chylous ascites with chylocele unassociated with chylous fluid in any other of the body cavities is described. The literature is reviewed and a summary of four similar cases is presented. The 25 cases in the literature are analyzed in terms of etiology, association of chylocele, roentgenographic findings, treatment and prognosis. It is suggested that all such cases, particularly when they occur in the newborn infant, should be treated with conservative measures, i.e., paracentesis and supportive management, before resort to laparotomy. Studies concerning the absorption of vitamin A are presented which indicate that where defects in fat absorption through lymphatic pathways exist, the use of aqueous dispersions of fat soluble vitamins ensures their absorption into the general circulation.

Rack Level Modeling of Air Flow Through Perforated Tile in a Data Center

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaibhav K. Arghode ◽  
Pramod Kumar ◽  
Yogendra Joshi ◽  
Thomas S. Weiss ◽  
Gary Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Data Center ◽  
Body Force ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Cfd Modeling ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Tile Surface

Effective air flow distribution through perforated tiles is required to efficiently cool servers in a raised floor data center. We present detailed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling of air flow through a perforated tile and its entrance to the adjacent server rack. The realistic geometrical details of the perforated tile, as well as of the rack are included in the model. Generally models for air flow through perforated tiles specify a step pressure loss across the tile surface, or porous jump model based on the tile porosity. An improvement to this includes a momentum source specification above the tile to simulate the acceleration of the air flow through the pores, or body force model. In both of these models geometrical details of tile such as pore locations and shapes are not included. More details increase the grid size as well as the computational time. However, the grid refinement can be controlled to achieve balance between the accuracy and computational time. We compared the results from CFD using geometrical resolution with the porous jump and body force model solution as well as with the measured flow field using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) experiments. We observe that including tile geometrical details gives better results as compared to elimination of tile geometrical details and specifying physical models across and above the tile surface. A modification to the body force model is also suggested and improved results were achieved.

scholarly journals On the question of the treatment of uterine blood tumors

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-417
Author(s):  
Gr. N. Egorov
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Total Mass ◽  
Lymphatic System ◽  
Blood Clot ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Life Threatening

The abdominal cavity is, in essence, an appendage of the lymphatic system, therefore, it cannot represent a completely foreign container for the blood poured out here. Indeed, the observations of Virchow, Wintrich and others show that whole blood can remain in this cavity for a long time (several days) without undergoing clotting (Pashutin). In view of this fact, it is natural to expect, as is confirmed by experiments, that most of the blood that has entered the abdominal cavity has time to be absorbed before it begins to coagulate. If a part of it, which failed to be absorbed in time, undergoes clotting, then this does not represent any particular disturbances in the overall economy of blood, the blood clot is completely absorbed after preliminary disintegration (fat). In this sense, hemorrhage into the abdominal cavity is not life-threatening, since the blood does not disappear for the body, but soon again, almost entirely, enters the total mass of the blood vessel.

scholarly journals Intercorrências Clínicas em Hemodiálise Ambulatorial: Intervenções do Enfermeiro

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (5-esp.) ◽  
pp. 611-618
Author(s):  
Vânia Aparecida dos Santos ◽  
Haroldo Ferreira Araújo ◽  
Marcio Luiz Dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Clinical Complications ◽  
Renal Replacement Therapies ◽  
Urinary Infections ◽  
Toxic Agents ◽  
Volume Of Fluids ◽  
Do So

Os rins têm função vital, pois são responsáveis pela eliminação de toxinas, regulação do volume de líquidos e pela filtragem do sangue (filtram, por minuto, em média 20% do volume sanguíneo bombeado pelo coração). Dessa forma, a função renal é avaliada com base na filtração glomerular (FG) e sua redução é observada na doença renal crônica (DRC), quando ocorre a perda das funções reguladora, excretora e endócrina dos rins. Desequilíbrios esses que podem ser de consequência vascular, por comorbidade secundária, por doença renal secundária a drogas ou agentes tóxicos, infecções urinárias de repetição, doença de próstata, doenças policísticas renal, entre outras. Nas terapias renais substitutivas, a diálise é empregada para remover líquidos e produtos residuais urêmicos do organismo, quando o corpo não consegue mais fazê-lo. Tendo em vista que o procedimento hemodialítico tem complicações potenciais, considera-se vital  que o enfermeiro deva estar apto para intervir em tais intercorrências, portanto, ficando evidente a importância deste estudo. Objetiva-se, portanto, descrever as intervenções do enfermeiro em intercorrências clínicas durante a hemodiálise ambulatorial, bem como descrever as principais intercorrências durante as sessões de hemodiálise ambulatorial e se há protocolos específicos de intervenções do enfermeiro em intercorrências com o paciente dialítico. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de revisão integrativa da literatura, pois esta metodologia de revisão tem por propósito realizar uma dada síntese rigorosa de todas as pesquisas encontradas relacionadas a uma questão específica.   Palavras-chave: Enfermagem. Hemodiálise. Intercorrências   Abstract The kidneys have a vital function, as they are responsible for eliminating toxins, regulating the volume of fluids and filtering the blood (they filter, on average, 20% of the blood volume pumped by the heart per minute). Thus, renal function is assessed based on glomerular filtration (FG) and its reduction is seen in chronic kidney disease (CKD), when the loss of the kidneys regulatory, excretory and endocrine functions occurs. These imbalances can be of vascular consequence, secondary comorbidity, kidney disease secondary to drugs or toxic agents, recurrent urinary infections, prostate disease, polycystic kidney diseases, among others. In renal replacement therapies, dialysis is used to remove uremic fluids and waste products from the body when the body is unable to do so. Bearing in mind that the hemodialysis procedure has potential complications, it is considered nodal that the nurse must be able to intervene in such complications, therefore, the importance of this study is evident. Therefore, the objective is to describe the nurse's interventions in clinical complications during the outpatient hemodialysis, as well as to describe the main complications during the outpatient hemodialysis sessions and if there are specific protocols for the nurse interventions in complications with dialysis patients. It is an integrative literature review research, since this review methodology aims to perform a given rigorous synthesis of all the studies found related to a specific issue.   Keywords: Nursing. Hemodialysis. Complications

Abstract 533: Lymph is a Vehicle for Extracellular Vesicles in Mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreea Milasan ◽  
Nicolas Tessandier ◽  
Sisareuth Tan ◽  
Alain Brisson ◽  
Eric Boilard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
The Body ◽  
Artery Wall ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Cellular Debris ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Almost All

Introduction: Although for a long time considered as simple cellular debris, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are now known to be involved in many pathophysiological processes such as thrombosis, autoimmune diseases and inflammation. Due to their diversity and presence in different tissues, EVs are considered important biomarkers and thus, their precise detection in various biological fluids is important to better understand all their different functional activities. The lymphatic system works in close collaboration with the cardiovascular system to preserve fluid balance throughout the body. Lymphatic vessels are present in almost all vascularized tissues, including the brain and the artery wall, and their role in these organ-related pathologies are under intense investigations. Hypothesis: Since lymphatic vessels are often perceived as "sewers", due to their role in removing interstitial fluid and waste products from peripheral tissues such as the artery wall, we herein want to qualitatively and quantitatively assess the presence of EVs in circulating lymph. Methods and Results: Using several approaches such as a Zetasizer Nano S, electron microscopy and flow cytometry analysis, we have detected and characterized EVs in lymph of healthy animals, and found that these EVs are inclusively derived from red blood cells, platelets and lymphatic endothelial cells. Analysis of lymph from atherosclerotic mice (Ldlr -/- ) confirmed the idea that EVs number and origin varies according to the pathological setting. Conclusion: Herein, we show for the first time that EVs are present in lymph and that their level and origin vary in atherosclerosis. Our work will be setting the stage to a better understanding of the mechanism underlying EV accumulation in peripheral tissues during inflammation, and to better control related diseases.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document