Parenting Relationship Between Parents and Family to Pre-School Child Development

Departemen Kesehatan RI melaporkan bahwa 0,4 juta (16%) balita Indonesia mengalami gangguan perkembangan, baik perkembangan motorik halus dan kasar, gangguan pendengaran, kecerdasan kurang dan keterlambatan bicara. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi perkembangan anak adalah pola asuh orang tua dan keluarga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pola asuh orang tua dengan keluarga terhadap perkembangan anak usia pra sekolah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif korelasi dengan pendekatan cross sectional dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 85 responden. Penelitian ini dilakukan di TK Kecamatan Sekongkang . Alat pengumpulan data penelitian ini adalah kuesioner. Analisis data menggunakan uji Spearman’s Rho. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, peneliti dapat menyimpulkan bahwa sebagian orang tua dengan pola asuh demokrasi sebanyak 29 orang (67,4%), sebagian besar responden keluarga dengan pola asuh demokrasi sebanyak 24 orang (57,1%), sebagian besar responden dengan perkembangan anak usia prasekolah kategori normal sebanyak 83 orang anak(97,6%). Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik Spearman’s Rho didapatkan nilai p value 0,001 < α=0,05 yang menunjukan ada hubungan antara pengasuh keluarga dengan orang tua terhadap perkembangan anak dan termasuk dalam kategori kekuatan hubungan rendah.

Glomerular function and urinary biomarker changes between vancomycin and vancomycin plus piperacillin-tazobactam in a translational rat model.

Clinical studies have reported additive nephrotoxicity associated with the combination of vancomycin (VAN) and piperacillin-tazobactam (TZP). This study assessed differences in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and urinary biomarkers between rats receiving VAN and those receiving VAN+TZP. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=26) were randomized to receive 96 hours of intravenous VAN at 150mg/kg/day, intraperitoneal TZP at 1400 mg/kg/day, or VAN+TZP. Kidney function was evaluated using fluorescein-isothiocyanate sinistrin and a transdermal sensor to estimate real-time glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Kidney injury was evaluated via urinary biomarkers including kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), clusterin, and osteopontin. Compared to a saline control, only rats in the VAN group showed significant declines in GFR by day 4 (-0.39 mL/min/100 g body weight, 95% CI: -0.68 to -0.10, p=0.008). When the VAN+TZP and VAN alone treatment groups were compared, significantly higher urinary KIM-1 was observed in the VAN alone group on day 1 (18.4 ng, 95% CI: 1.4 to 35.3, p=0.03), day 2 (27.4 ng, 95% CI: 10.4 to 44.3, p=0.002), day 3 (18.8 ng, 95% CI: 1.9 to 35.8, p=0.03), and day 4 (23.2 ng, 95% CI: 6.3 to 40.2, p=0.007). KIM-1 was the urinary biomarker that most correlated with decreasing GFR on day 3 (Spearman’s rho: -0.45, p = 0.022) and day 4 (Spearman’s rho: -0.41, p = 0.036). Kidney function decline and increased KIM-1 were observed among rats that received VAN only, but not TZP or VAN+TZP. Addition of TZP to VAN does not worsen kidney function or injury in our translational rat model.

HUBUNGAN ANTARA CULTURE SHOCK DENGAN PRESTASI BELAJAR PADA MAHASISWA PAPUA TAHUN PERTAMA YANG MERANTAU DI UKSW SALATIGA

Kebudayaan dan lingkungan yang baru membuat individu seperti mahasiswa berada di dalam kondisi yang berbeda dari lingkungan daerahnya, perubahan ini apakah akan mengakibatkan prestasi belajar akan berada pada taraf yang baik atau tidak pada setiap mahasiswa yang merantau. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara culture shock dan prestasi belajar pada mahasiswa tahun pertama yang merantau di UKSW Salatiga. Metode penelitian dalam pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik snowball sampling dengan melibatkan 102 mahasiswa angkatan 2019 yang berasal dari Papua. Pengambilan data melalui kuesioner yang disebarkan ke setiap responden dengan teknik analisa data menggunakan uji korelasi spearman’s rho dengan bantuan aplikasi SPSS 26.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai r = 0.068 (P>0,05) yang berarti tidak adanya hubungan signifikan antara culture shock dengan prestasi belajar. Dengan demikian hipotesis (H1) ditolak dimana hal ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak adanya hubungan yang singnifikan antara culture shock dan prestasi belajar.

Prenatal Gentle Yoga Pada Ibu Hamil terhadap Berat Badan Bayi Baru Lahir

ABSTRAKProses kehamilan merupakan masa perubahan pada wanita banyak menimbulkan stress, sehingga membutuhkan pelayanan antenatal yang berkesinambungan. Salah satu dari pelayanan antenatal yang diberikan adalah prenatal gentle yoga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan prenatal gentle yoga pada ibu hamil terhadap berat badan bayi baru lahir di Klinik RK. Jenis penelitian adalah kuantitatif dengan dessain quasi - eksperimen yang bersifat two group postest. Populasi penelitian adalah ibu hamil primigravida yang memeriksakan kehamilan trimester III, melakukan prenatal gentle yoga dan melahirkan pada bulan Mei-Juli 2021. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling dengan sampel sebanyak 50 sampel (25 intervensi dan 25 kontrol). Uji statistik menggunakan spearman’s rho dan mann whitney. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan antara prenatal gentle yoga dengan berat badan lahir dengan nilai p=0,004<α=0,05, nilai uji Mann Whitney perbedaan berat badan bayi baru lahir pada ibu yang melakukan prenatal gentle yoga dibandingkan yang tidak melakukan prenatal gentle yoga dengan nilai p=0,004<α=0,05 untuk berat badan lahir. Kata Kunci : ibu hamil; prenatal gentle yoga; berat badan lahir ABSTRACT Pregnancy is a period of change in women causing a lot of stress, so it requires continuous antenatal care. One of the antenatal services provided is prenatal gentle yoga. This study aims to determine the relationship of prenatal gentle yoga in pregnant women to the weight of newborns at the RK Clinic. This type of research is quantitative with a quasi-experimental design that is a two group posttest. The study population was primigravida pregnant women who had their third trimester of pregnancy checked, did prenatal gentle yoga and gave birth in May-July 2021. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with a sample of 50 samples (25 interventions and 25 controls). Statistical test using spearman's rho and mann whitney. The results showed that there was a relationship between prenatal gentle yoga and birth weight with p value = 0.004 <α = 0.05, the value of the Mann Whitney test was the difference in the weight of newborns in mothers who did prenatal gentle yoga compared to those who did not do prenatal gentle yoga with p value = 0.004 < = 0.05 for birth weight. Keywords: pregnant women; prenatal gentle yoga; birth weight

Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) as an Easily Accessible Parameter for Monitoring Tacrolimus Overdose after Heart Transplantation—Experimental Study

(1) Background: The combination of candidate selection, immunosuppressive therapy adjustment, and scrutinous monitoring is a cornerstone for optimizing long-term survival after a heart transplant. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a simple marker of inflammatory reactions activation and may play a clinical role as a predictive marker in oncological and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the study was to find simple hematologic indices available from whole blood count to help in immunosuppressive therapy monitoring. (2) Methods: Thirty patients (23 men and 7 women) with a mean age of 43 +/− 13 years who had undergone orthotopic heart transplantation were enrolled into the study. The blood samples for whole blood count and Tacrolimus level were collected during outpatient visits in heart transplant recipients every two months for 18 months after first year post transplantation. (3) Results: There was a significant correlation between Tacrolimus overdose (>15 ng/mL) and NLR (Spearman’s rho 0.99, p < 0,001) and mean platelet volume (Spearman’s rho 0.989, p < 0.001). The ROC analysis for NLR above 3.62 showed predictive properties for Tacrolimus overdose (over 15 ng/mL) (AUC =0.633, p = 0.008) with a sensitivity of 50% and specificity of 83.73%. (4) Conclusions: Our results suggest that NLR above 3.62 may be regarded as a simple indicator of tacrolimus overdose.

SCORE2 Assessment in the Calculation of Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Risk chart algorithms, such as the Systematic Coronary Risk Assessment (SCORE), often underestimate the risk of CVD in patients with RA. In this sense, the use of noninvasive tools, such as the carotid ultrasound, has made it possible to identify RA patients at high risk of CVD who had subclinical atherosclerosis disease and who had been included in the low or moderate CVD risk categories when the SCORE risk tables were applied. The 2003 SCORE calculator was recently updated to a new prediction model: SCORE2. This new algorithm improves the identification of individuals from the general population at high risk of developing CVD in Europe. Our objective was to compare the predictive capacity between the original SCORE and the new SCORE2 to identify RA patients with subclinical atherosclerosis and, consequently, high risk of CVD. 1168 non-diabetic patients with RA and age > 40 years were recruited. Subclinical atherosclerosis was searched for by carotid ultrasound. The presence of carotid plaque and the carotid intima media wall thickness (cIMT) were evaluated. SCORE and SCORE2 were also calculated. The relationships of SCORE and SCORE2 to each other and to the presence of subclinical carotid atherosclerosis were studied. The correlation between SCORE and SCORE2 was found to be high in patients with RA (Spearman’s Rho = 0.961, p < 0.001). Both SCORE (Spearman’s Rho = 0.524) and SCORE2 (Spearman’s Rho = 0.521) were similarly correlated with cIMT (p = 0.92). Likewise, both calculators showed significant and comparable discriminations for the presence of carotid plaque: SCORE AUC 0.781 (95%CI 0.755–0.807) and SCORE2 AUC 0.774 (95%CI 0.748–0.801). Using SCORE, 80% and 20% of the patients were in the low or moderate and high or very high CVD risk categories, respectively. However, when the same categories were evaluated using SCORE2, the percentages were different (58% and 42%, respectively). Consequently, the number of RA patients included in the high or very high CVD risk categories was significantly higher with SCORE2 compared to the original SCORE. (p < 0.001). In conclusion, although predictive capacity for the presence of carotid plaque is equivalent between SCORE and SCORE2, SCORE2 identifies a significantly higher proportion of patients with RA who are at high or very high risk of CVD.

On New Types of Multivariate Trigonometric Copulas

Copulas are useful functions for modeling multivariate distributions through their univariate marginal distributions and dependence structures. They have a wide range of applications in all fields of science that deal with multivariate data. While there is a plethora of copulas, those based on trigonometric functions, especially in dimensions greater than two, have received much less attention. They are, however, of interest because of the properties of oscillation and periodicity of the trigonometric functions, which can appear in certain models of correlation of natural phenomena. In order to fill this gap, this paper introduces and investigates two new types of “multivariate trigonometric copulas”. Their main theoretical properties are studied, and some perspectives for applications are sketched for future work. In particular, we show that the proposed copulas are symmetric, not associative, with no orthant dependence, and with copula densities that have wide oscillations, which remains an uncommon property in the field. The expressions of their multivariate Spearman’s rho are also determined. Furthermore, the first type of the proposed copulas has the interesting feature of having a multivariate Spearman’s rho equal to 0 for all of the dimensions. Some graphic evidence supports the findings. Some mathematical formulas involving the product of n trigonometric functions may be of independent interest.

Cervicovaginal levels of human beta defensins during bacterial vaginosis

Aims To compare the cervicovaginal levels of human beta defensin (hBD)-1, 2 and 3 of women according to the status of Nugent-defined bacterial vaginosis (BV). Methods A total of 634 women of reproductive age were included in the study. Participants were equally distributed in two groups: according to the classification of vaginal smears according to Nugent criteria in normal (scores 0 to 3) and BV (scores ≥7). Cervicovaginal fluid samples were used for measurements of hBDs1, 2 and 3 levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Levels of each hBD were compared between the two study groups using Mann-Whitney test, with p-value <0.05 considered as significant. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated for sociodemographic variables and hBD1-3 levels associated with BV a multivariable analysis. Correlation between Nugent score and measured levels of hBDs1-3 were calculated using Spearman’s test. Results Cervicovaginal fluids from women with BV showed lower levels of hBD-1 [median 2,400.00 pg/mL (0–27,800.00); p<0.0001], hBD-2 [5,600.00 pg/mL (0–45,800.00); p<0.0001] and hBD-3 [1,600.00 pg/mL (0–81,700.00); p = 0.012] when compared to optimal microbiota [hBD-1: [median 3,400.00 pg/mL (0–35,600.00), hBD-2: 12,300.00 pg/mL (0–95,300.00) and hBD-3: 3,000.00 pg/mL (0–64,300.00), respectively]. Multivariable analysis showed that lower levels of hBD-1 (OR: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.46–2.87), hBD-2 (OR: 1.85; 95% CI: 1.32–2.60) and hBD-3 (OR: 1.90; 95% CI: 1.37–2.64) were independently associated BV. Significant negative correlations were observed between Nugent scores and cervicovaginal levels of hBD-1 (Spearman’s rho = -0.2118; p = 0.0001) and hBD-2 (*Spearman’s rho = -0.2117; p = 0.0001). Conclusions Bacterial vaginosis is associated with lower cervicovaginal levels of hBDs1-3 in reproductive-aged women.

University Anxiety, Depression and Stress in Pandemic Times

Fear and uncertainty, related to emergency health measures such as confinement by Covid-19, has generated anxiety, depression and stress. In this context, the objective of this work has been to establish the correlation between the three variables. The type of study was carried out under a quantitative approach, basic type, descriptive level, with a non-experimental cross-sectional-correlational design. The DASS-21 scale (Lovibond and Lovibond, 1995) was used to measure the variables indicated. The sample comprised a total of 440 students of Human Medicine from the first to the fifth cycle; it was composed of 173 females (39.3%) and 267 males (60.7%). The selection was made under non-probabilistic convenience sampling. The descriptive statistical findings revealed the difference in the students: males presented higher levels in the variables measured: anxiety in 58.2%; depression, 56.4% and stress, 34.8%. In the hypothesis test, the correlation between the anxiety variable and the depression variable obtained a result of Spearman's Rho = 0.804**, which is interpreted as a high positive relationship between the variables. As for the correlation between the anxiety variable and the stress variable, a Spearman's Rho = 0.893 was obtained, which is interpreted as high correlation between the variables.

415 Correlation between tissue abnormalities and myocardial deformation indices in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy: a pilot study

Aims To evaluate the correlation between cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) tissue abnormalities and impairment of myocardial deformation indices in patients with definite diagnosis of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (AC). Methods and results 41 AC Patients with available CMR study were enrolled. Myocardial deformation indices (i.e. global longitudinal strain -GLS-; global circumferential strain -GCS-; global radial strain -GRS-) for both ventricles were calculated using feature tracking analysis. Quantification of tissue abnormalities (i.e. late gadolinium enhancement -LGE- extension expressed as percentage of total ventricular mass) was performed. Spearman’s rho correlation was evaluated. Mean age was 44 ± 13 years and 26 (63%) patients were male. Mean left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) was 54 ± 10% and mean right ventricular (RV) EF was 49 ± 12%. Median LV LGE extension was 8.9% (1.05–21) and median RV LGE extension was 0 (0–6.92). All myocardial deformation indices were moderately associated with LGE extension (for LV 3D GLS Spearman’s Rho 0.423, P 0.016; 2D GCS Spearman’s Rho 0.388, P 0.028; 3D GCS 0.362, P 0.042; 2D GRS Spearman’s Rho −0.417, P 0.018; 3D GRS −0.396, P 0.025; for RV 2D GLS Spearman’s Rho 0.385, P 0.030; RV GCS Spearman’s Rho 0.450, P 0.010; RV GRS Spearman’s Rho −0.459, P 0.008). Conclusions All myocardial deformation indices showed a moderate association with LGE extension in a cohort of patients with definite AC. Further studies are needed to validate this observation and understand its implications.