The Response of Creative Class Members to Regions Vying to Attract Them With Subsidies

There are no theoretical studies in regional science that examine which region to locate in from the standpoint of a creative class member, given that the pertinent regional authorities (RAs) are competing among themselves to attract the creative class using subsidies. This gap provides the motivation for our paper. This paper’s contribution is that it is the first to theoretically study the regional location choice of creative class members when the RAs of the locations in which they might locate are using subsidies to attract them. Specifically, a knowledge good producing creative class member must decide which of two regions ( A or B) to locate his plant in. This good is produced using a Cobb–Douglas function with creative and physical capital. We analyze plant location in four cases. In the benchmark case, we show that the representative creative class member ought to locate his plant in the less expensive region B. Next, we show that a small subsidy to creative capital by region A switches the plant location decision from region B to A. Finally, when both regions grant identical subsidies to creative capital, the representative creative class member is indifferent between locating in regions A and B. So, for identical subsidies to affect the plant location decision, they are better targeted to physical and not to creative capital. JEL Codes: R11, R58

Creative capital of Siberian cities

The article considers sociological theoretical approaches to the understanding of creative capital as a resource for the development of urban economies. It features methodological approaches to sociological research. The data of comparative analysis of the creative capital of Krasnoyarsk and Novosibirsk are presented. The comparative analysis was carried out on the materials of real sociological research conducted in 2020 according to a common methodology for determining a quota sample. The study was carried out on the basis of a quota sample of the city population aged 18 and over. The reliability of the data obtained was ± 3,5 %. The authors make a conclusion that there are differences in the nature of creative capital in Krasnoyarsk and Novosibirsk. This fact should condition different strategies for the development of creative industries for these cities.

urbanization trends

Sometimes, people dream ofBlue cities,Which have no name.Song from the film “Two Sundays”, 1963What does the future hold for us? This question has always attracted attention and always eluded answering. Which of today’s trends will shape the appearance of tomorrow's cities? Irkutsk architects, continuing the theme of the Winter City, reflect on the development of underground urbanism. Novosibirsk citizens study the creative capital as the main resource for the growth of Siberian cities. The environmental approach to urban development and the ratio of the notion of environment with the borderline concepts of style, meaning and essence are studied by theorists of architecture. The issues of the theory are directly related to everyday practice of the post-covid world. Isolation of people from each other and fusion of residential spaces with the office ones, new functions and the role of public spaces need reflection right now. The triptych of philosophers from Voronezh, Latvia and Vologda is about it.

Measurement and determinants of creative capital in Europe

One of the important factors influencing the development and competitiveness of economies is creative capital. It differs significantly among European countries, which has an influence on income and quality of life. The aim of the research discussed in this article is to determine the level of creative capital in Europe and to identify its determinants. The starting point of the analysis is the 3T theory (talent, technology, tolerance), formulated by Richard Florida, and the concept of a creativity index, which derives from the theory. The concept does not define creative capital precisely, therefore, this article proposes its measures based on statistical data obtained from Eurostat and a synthetic measure of creative capital. Data relating to European countries and covering the period of 2011–2018 were used. Moreover, an attempt was made to determine the level of creative capital by means of socio-economic factors (e.g. the number of people working in creative professions, the structure of the population by age and income, and expenditure on culture). Empirical analyses indicate significant differences in the level of creative capital in Europe. This is mainly influenced by the level of the wealth of economies and the number of people working in creative occupations, while cultural expenditure is less important for the development of creative capital.

Unfolding China’s Urban Development: The Implementation of Public Art in Beijing and Shanghai

During China’s speeding urbanization, creating a unique city image to achieve economic growth draws the attention of property developers, urban planners, and city administrations. Through activating urban spaces and creating dynamic urban culture, public art plays an effective role in leading modern urban creative capital investment into China’s urban development. In order to understand the implementation of public art in Beijing and Shanghai, this research aims to analyze the resonance between public art and urbanization in Chinese megacities through selected case studies. The study reveals public art guided by urbanization policy and strategy in metropolitan China, which further unfolds the discontinuous and fragmented relationship between public art, public sphere, and urbanization policies. Through discovering the imbalances between public art investment, implementation, and post-implementation management frameworks, the study provides several approaches to boost China’s urban development for achieving the resonance between public art and urbanization.

The Nexus between Creative Actors and Regional Development

The paper aims to deepen our understanding of the relationship and the impact of creative actors on regional development and investigates the nexus between them. The novelty of the paper lies in constructing an original criteria matrix of creative actors’ indicators which might serve as a basis for further research and policy implications. The original criteria matrix consists of two groups of indicators measuring the creative people and creative capital in the region, their mutual relationships and impact on regional development. We found that creative actors are not distributed equally across the regions in Slovakia. The strong dominance of the region with the capital city (Bratislava) was detected. We also discovered a strong direct positive relationship between representatives of the creative people and a strong direct relationship between the creative people and the emergence of small and medium enterprises (SMEs).

Measuring the Creative Capital and its Development in the Regions of France

Since the publication of the highly cited book of Richard Florida (“The Rise of the Creative Class. And How it's Transforming Work, Leisure and Everyday Life”), creativity has been considered as a new paradigm for economic development of cities and regions. In this context, evaluating the creative class and the creative capital has become an increasingly important concern. At the same time, measuring creative capital, in European countries in particular, remains underinvestigated. This paper is aimed at redressing this gap by evaluating the creative capital index for several regions of France. A multi-method research design was based on the Creative Capital Index project by PwC Russia. It was used to analyze both primary and secondary data on five main variables – “Regional development”, “Population”, “Business environment”, “Government” and “Brands” – from several French regions (Île-de-France, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Bretagne, Occitanie and Pays de la Loire) obtained from European, national and regional open databases, official websites of governmental and non-governmental organizations and other online resources. The analysis of the results of creative capital index estimation and the investigation of creative projects, strategies and programs that were implemented in the regions under study has shown that each region has its competitive advantage in terms of specific aspects of creative capital. The results of the study may be of use to economists and policymakers by enabling them to recognize the key factors of creativity in their regions.

Interregional Competition for Mobile Creative Capital with and Without Physical Capital Mobility

A lacuna in the extant literature and our desire to contribute to the theoretical literature on how tax/subsidy policies can be used by regions to attract the creative class together provide the motivation for this paper. The paper’s basic contribution is that it is the first to theoretically analyze competition between two regions (1 and 2) for mobile creative capital, the key attribute possessed by the creative class. Both regions produce a final good using creative and physical capital. In the first case, physical capital is immobile and only region 2 uses tax policy to attract the mobile creative capital. We compute the equilibrium returns to creative and physical capital, we specify a key condition for creative capital in the aggregate economy, and we show which of three tax policies gives region 2 the highest income. In the second case, creative and physical capital are mobile and both regions pursue tax policies to attract mobile creative capital. Once again, we compute the equilibrium returns to creative and physical capital and then describe the optimal taxes for the two regions given that they wish to maximize regional income.

Regional imbalances in the localization of creative capital

In the context of the changing role of non-material factors of development, creativity becomes an obligatory feature of a competitive economic system. This study is intended to characterize the features of the localization of creative capital in Russia. During the study, the features of the placement of components that form creative capital (associated with the cultural potential of a territory, the entrepreneurial activity of people, and innovation) were analyzed. The paper uses the statistical data of Federal State Statistics Service on the processes occurring in the regions. The methodological basis of the study is a cartographic analysis, as well as an analysis of indicators that make it possible to assess the level of inter-territorial inequality and the degree of concentration of resources. It was found that the localization of the elements of each of them has its own specifics: the least homogeneous is the space of implementation of innovative processes, while the difference between regions in the parameters of entrepreneurial activity is not so pronounced. This allows concluding that there is no single algorithm for the spatial location of creative capital. It has also been found that while the capital cities (Moscow and St. Petersburg) are clear centers for the localization of creative capital, the scale of other major cities in the country does not always allow them to act as points of attraction for creative resources.