Diffuse Alopecia and Thyroid Atrophy in Sheep

Thyroid dysfunction substantially affects the quality of life due to its association with various disorders in different organs. A low intake of selenium and zinc can predispose to thyroid alterations, resulting in hypothyroidism. A deficiency of selenium and zinc causes direct and indirect skin lesions, both by the action of free radicals on the skin and by thyroid dysfunction. The aim of this study was to describe natural cases of diffuse alopecia and thyroid abnormalities in sheep with selenium and zinc deficiency. Five adult sheep presented marked and diffuse alopecia, and the residual hairs were dry and brittle. The skin was thick and crusty, with marked peeling. The triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) serum concentrations were below reference values for the species. Zinc and Se concentrations were low in both the serum and liver. During necropsy, cachexia associated with serous fat atrophy was observed, and the thyroid glands showed marked atrophy. Microscopically, the thyroid presented multifocal to coalescent atrophy, with atrophied and dilated follicles, macrophage infiltration, and the presence of fibrous connective tissue. The skin revealed hyperkeratosis and edema. It is concluded that thyroid atrophy, alopecia, and hyperkeratosis are associated with low serum and liver concentrations of zinc and selenium in sheep.

Impant placement on a Focal Cemento-Osseous Dysplasia : A modified protocol with a successful outcome.

Cemento-Osseous dysplasia(COD) is a condition where normal bone is replaced by fibrous connective tissue and cementum-like deposits. Implant rehabilitation of a posterior mandibular edentulism in presence of a COD can be a challenging situation due to the lack of vascularization and the high risk of infection of such lesions.

Adenolipoma of the Breast: A Case Report

Adenolipoma of the breast is a rare tumor classified as a hamartomatous lesion. It is a well-circumscribed lesion composed of adipocytes and other breast tissues. The characteristic feature is a well-circumscribed mass containing radiolucent fat admixed with dense fibrous connective tissue surrounded by a thin radiopaque pseudo capsule. Microscopically, there is a mixture of ducts and lobules with adipose tissue. Ductal hyperplasia, adenosis, calcification, and apocrine metaplasia may occur within the hamartoma. These are rarely associated with malignancies and excision is considered curative. If these lesions are not detected clinically or radiologically, these remain unrecognized. Awareness of this poorly recognized benign entity would help avoid an incorrect diagnosis and unnecessary intervention. Here we present a case of a 35-year-old female diagnosed histologically as adenolipoma of the breast.

The Tough Fibrous Tissue of The Supracondylar Groove As A Useful Landmark Via The Endoscopic Endonasal Approach To The Lower Clivus

Background: The hypoglossal canal (HGC) is the most important structural landmark for the endoscopic endonasal approach to access the lower clivus (LC). We explored the feasibility of using the tough fibrous tissue covering the supracondylar groove (SCG) as a useful landmark to identify the location of the HGC. Methods: Four cadaveric specimens were dissected and analyzed. The craniovertebral junction (CVJ) region was accessed utilizing 4-mm endoscope with either 0° or 30° lenses. CVJ exposure and the surgical corridor areas were measured. The relationship between the tough fibrous tissue covering the SCG and the HGC was analyzed.Results: Tough fibrous connective tissue was tightly attached the SCG and ran superomedially to inferolaterally. The angle between the horizontal plane and the long axis of the SCG was 30°. Separating the tough tissue inferolaterally, we could locate the external orifice (EO) of the HGC to further accurately isolate the hypoglossal nerve. Conclusion: The tough fibrous connective tissue covered the SCG to the upper part of the HGC EO. The course of the tough fibrous connective tissue was superomedial to inferolateral. Using the tough fibrous connective tissue covering the SCG as a landmark, it was possible to accurately locate the HGC EO via the endoscopic endonasal approach to access the LC.

Chronic cough with dual pathologies of pulmonary ossification

An 81-year-old man presented with chronic cough, which did not respond to the initiation of combined bronchodilator/inhaled corticosteroid therapy. CT of the chest revealed calcified nodules throughout the trachea sparing the posterior membrane, and tiny peripheral parenchymal nodules with basal interlobular septal thickening and calcification. Flexible bronchoscopy demonstrated endobronchial nodularity from the proximal trachea to the mid-sections of both main bronchi, sparing the posterior membrane. Histopathology revealed submucosal fibrous connective tissue and benign bone, confirming a diagnosis of tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica. CT was consistent with a concurrent diagnosis of dendriform pulmonary ossification. These two rare phenomena often present with non-specific symptoms, and the diagnosis can be made with imaging in both conditions. There is a role for bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of tracheobronchopathia osteochondropastica, and the endobronchial appearance could be diagnostic. The concurrence of both phenomena in our case might represent activity of a common cellular pathway of ossification in both sites.

Effects of Herbal formulations in management of Uterine Fibroid (Sul’ah-E-Rehm) – A Case Report

Uterine fibroid is the commonest benign and solid tumor in female during reproductive life. Approximately 15-25 million of Indian women have affected from fibroid uterus. Histologically itis composed of smooth muscle and fibrous connective tissue of varying proportional. It is considered as Sul’ah (tumor) in Unani classic litretures, as Ali Ibn-e-Abbas Majusi (930-994 AD) defined it under the topic of Warm-e-Balghami; as it is a swelling filled with viscid phlegm (Balgham-e-Ghaleez).Present paper deals with a reports of a 30 years old female having uterine fibroids measuring 2.6 cm× 3.1 cm, 2.6 cm× 3.6 cm, with left ovarian cyst of 3.1 cm × 4 cm. Patient was treated with herbal formulations; Majun Dabeedul Ward ( 5 gm paste), Kanchanar Guggul (2 tablet) and Niswani (10 ml syrup) twice a day for 8 consecutive weeks as oral administration. The patient was clinically assessed fortnightly, and radiologically just after treatment. Patient has shown encouraging result in post treatment investigation of Ultrasonography and finally patients got free from uterine fibroids without operation. The drugs were found to be safe and effective in this case.

Microscopic and ultramicroscopic structure of typical chordae tendineae of the human’s left ventricle bicuspid valve

Objective – to determine the features of the micro- and submicroscopic structure of typical chordae tendineae of the mitral valve of the human heart.Materials and methods. This study was made on preparations of 35 human hearts, in particular the chordae tendineae of the bicuspid valves of the left ventricles of children and people of early and middle adulthood using the methods of light and electron microscopy.Results. The study of typical chordae tendineae of the mitral valve leaflets was made using the microscopic method and the method of electron microscopy. The areas where the chordae tendineae diverge from the papillary muscles, the middle third of the chordae tendineae, and the place of attachment of the chordae tendineae to the mitral valve leaflets were studied. Chordae tendineae are covered with endothelium from all sides. A peripheral collagen-elastic layer of loose fibrous connective tissue is localized under the endothelium, along the entire perimeter of the chordae tendineae and it differs in structure in different parts of the chordae at the submicroscopic level. Bundles of densely packed collagen fibers, which are oriented rectilinearly along the chordae, form the core of the chordae tendineae. Bundles of striated cardiac typical muscle cells are localized in areas where the chordae tendineae origin from the papillary muscles. It was found that in the composition of the chordae tendineae of children the cellular component in the fibrous connective tissue predominates during comparing the typical chordae tendineae of different aged people.Conclusions. This morphological study made it possible to obtain new information and to clarify the data that are already known to morphologists on the micro- and submicroscopic structure of typical chordae tendineae of the mitral valve of the human heart. We found that differences in the histological structure are more typical for the areas of origin of typical chordae tendineae from the papillary muscles and areas of their attachment to the leaflets of the mitral valve. The diameter of the core of the chordae tendineae increases and the thickness of the loose peripheral collagen-elastic layer decreases with age. The received data can serve as a theoretical basis for the further comparative morphological and clinical studies of the mitral valve of the human heart. That, in turn, will facilitate to an increasing the level of diagnostic, to improve methods of prevention and treatment of minor heart anomalies, congenital and acquired defects of the valvular apparatus of the heart.

The Angiopoietin-like protein 4: a promising biomarker to distinguish brucella spondylitis from tuberculous spondylitis

Objective The Angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL-4) has been proved to be a protein associated with multiple inflammatory responses. Nevertheless, whether it contributes to distinguishing brucella spondylitis (BS) from tuberculous spondylitis (TS) remains an open question. Our study aim is to explore the capability of the ANGPTL-4 to differentiating BS from TS. Materials and method In our study, 53 patients were screened out according to the criteria precisely in Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated of the First Hospital from 1 January, 2016, to 31 December, 2018. Their clinical data were retrospectively reviewed. All of them underwent pathological biopsy and magnetic resonance imaging examination. All the frozen tissue sections were stained for testing ANGPTL-4. Result Among the 53 patients, BS had 26 patients, and TS had 27 patients. There was no significant difference between the baseline (P = 0.682) between the two groups. The positive rate of ANGPTL-4 in TS patients (24/27, 88.89%) was higher than that in BS patients (17/26, 65.83%) (P < 0.05). The incidence of microangiopathy and fibrous connective tissue hyperplasia in patients with BS was distinctly higher than those in the TS (P = 0.001, P = 0.008, respectively). Patients of TS frequently presented more granuloma, caseous necrosis, epithelial-like reaction, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP) than those of BS. Conclusion Our study provided novel insights into distinguishing BS from TS using the ANGPTL-4 combining with histopathology, which may become new supporting evidence. Key Points• Brucella spondylitis and tuberculous spondylitis are a significant public health concern and even have prolonged damage, contributing to severe health and economic outcomes in Xinjiang of China.• The granuloma, caseous necrosis, epithelioid reaction, microangiosis, and fibrous connective tissue of pathological tissue might play a critical significance for distinguishing brucella spondylitis from tuberculous spondylitis patients.• ANGPLT-4 may become new supporting evidence identify brucella spondylitis and tuberculous spondylitis which is implicated in inflammation angiogenesis-related disorders.

Contemporary model of dealing with scars in cosmetology and aesthetic medicine

Scars on the body can affect both the aesthetic and health aspects. They are formed during the healing of wounds, and the place where the defect is formed is replaced by fibrous connective tissue. Due to the structure, scars can be divided into: atrophic, linear, hypertrophic and keloid. The aim of the study was to present various types of scars and the possibilities of therapy in modern cosmetology and aesthetic medicine. The methods of scar reduction depend on the morphology of the lesions and may be pharmacological, mechanical or chemical. Despite the many possibilities offered by the aesthetic market, complete removal of the scar is often impossible, however, the use of combined therapies may lead to its significant reduction, flattening or discoloration. Scar reduction not only improves the external appearance, but also helps to regain psychological comfort of people as well as increase self-confidence.

Hysterosalpingography findings of leiomyomas and how they look in artistic eyes: new diagnostic signs

Leiomyomas are benign lesions of the uterine smooth muscles that contain various amounts of fibrous connective tissue. Hystrosalpingography is not a method of diagnosing uterine fibroids, and other methods such as ultrasound and MRI are preferred, but during hystrosalpingography, especially in infertile females, uterine fibroids may be seen frequently. Leiomyomas have a wide range of appearances depending on their number, size and location. Leiomyomas may enlarge, elongate, displace, distort or rotate the uterine cavity and can be detected by such changes showing in hysterosalpingograms. These changes may be symmetric or asymmetric. Leiomyomas may result in uterine atony which can be locolized or generalized. Leiomyomas also may appear as one or multiple filling defects in different sizes which can be smooth or irregular. Some of the noted findings may create similar and frequent appearances looking like some patterns in nature and can be considered “excellent signs” for better detecting and enabling differential diagnosis. This study aims to improve the process of training on the diagnostic appearances of leiomyomas in hysterosalpingography by aligning the images with patterns found in nature that can be easily remembered by radiologists.