Changing Regional Inequality Patterns in Western China: A Case Study of Xinjiang

Regional inequality in western China has been rarely examined and has risen as an important issue in the Chinese academic circle. This study, taking Xinjiang as a case, investigated regional inequality in Xinjiang since the 1990s. The results show that the interregional inequality became more prominent, while the overall regional disparities among counties and cities have experienced an inverted U-shape path and have been mainly caused by the inequality of the intra-north part of the province. Counties with high economic development levels were mainly located in northern Xinjiang and had a high probability of further moving economic levels. We further found that the regional development pattern in Xinjiang was significantly associated with spatial accessibility, followed by population density and urbanization factors. This paper deepens our understanding of the complex pattern and mechanism of regional inequality in western China, and local specific policies, therefore, are needed to solve the problem.

PENGARUH KEMAMPUAN MANAJEMEN DAN POLA PENDAMPINGAN TERHADAP PENGEMBANGAN USAHA MELALUI JEJARING PASAR (STUDI PADA USAHA KECIL DAN MENENGAH DI KABUPATEN BALANGAN)

This study aims to determine both partially and simultaneously how much influence the management ability and mentoring pattern have on business development through market networks (Studies on Small and Medium Enterprises in Balangan Regency) and the variables that influence both directly and indirectly on market development.The method used in this study is a quantitative method and with a population of 5,124 (five thousand one hundred and twenty-four) UMKM, samples were taken using a proportionate stratified random sampling technique using the Slovin formula as many as 98 UMKM, the research instrument was validity and reliability test, the data were tested using linear regression Path analysis using Smart PLS.The results of this study indicate that there is a direct influence of Management Ability, Assistance Pattern and Market Networking influence on Business Development and indirect influence on Management Ability, on Business Development through market networks and does not affect Development Pattern on Business Development through market networks..Keywords: management ability, mentoring pattern, market network and business development. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui baik secara parsial dan simultan seberapa besar Pengaruh Kemampuan Manajemen Dan Pola Pendampingan Terhadap Pengembangan Usaha Melalui Jejaring Pasar (Studi Pada Usaha Kecil Dan Menengah Di Kabupaten Balangan) serta variabel yang berpengaruh Baik itu secara langsung dan tidak langsung terhadap pengembangan pasar. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif dan dengan populasi sebanyak 5.124 (lima Ribu Seratus Dua Puluh Empat) UMKM, diambil sampel dengan teknik proportionate stratified random sampling dengan menggunakan rumus Slovin sebanyak 98 UMKM, instrument penelitian uji validitas dan uji reliabilitas, data – data diuji dengan menggunakan regresi linear Analisis Jalur menggunakan Smart PLS. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh secara langsung Kemampuan Manajemen, Pola Pendampingan dan Jejaring Pasar berpengaruh terhadap Pengembangan Usaha dan tidak langsung Kemampuan Manajemen, terhadap Pengembangan Usaha melalui jejaring pasar dan tidak berpengaruh Pola Pengembangan terhadap Pengembangan Usaha melalui jejaring pasar. Kata kunci : kemampuan manajemen, pola pendampingan, jejaring pasar dan pengembangan usaha.

The Economic Performance of Central Europe Metropolises. A Comparative Approach

Since the fall of communism, the big cities of Central Europe have been included in the international metropolitan network, and their economic performance has improved significantly. Based on that, it can be asserted that the whole region is undergoing a process of metropolisation, which may be manifested by a focus of development in the limited areas of metropolises. Therefore this paper aims to present the results of a closer examination of this process in Central Europe. It is based on a comparative analysis of the metropolises in relation to their countries in terms of economic performance. A taxonomic approach based on Hellwig’s development pattern is adopted. The available Eurostat data (NUTS 3 level) on a range of socio‑economic characteristics is used. The study results show that the economic performance of Central European metropolises is relatively closer to Western Europe’s cities than the countries’ non‑metropolitan parts. Highlighting development issues in Central Europe from the spatial‑metropolitan point of view is the paper’s added value.

Quantitative Characterization of Overburden Rock Development Pattern in the Goaf at Different Key Stratum Locations Based on DEM

The overburden rock mining fissures are the main cause of coal spontaneous combustion, gas pooling, and mine water inrush caused by goaf air leakage. Rapid and accurate determination of the development and evolution law of mining fissures have great significance for the application of coal spontaneous combustion prevention and control, gas disaster prevention and control, and water damage prevention and control measures. In this paper, a preliminary judgment of the development height of the water-conducting fracture zone is made based on the theoretical analysis, and the physical model size of the numerical simulation is determined according to its judgment result. It is judged that the development height of its water-conducting fracture zone is between 49 and 64.2 m, which is in line with the actual results. Based on this, a three-dimensional solid model was established in PFC (Particle Flow Code) software to analyze the fissure development pattern of the overburden rock and the development height of the water-conducting fracture zone when the main key stratum of the rock seam is in different positions by simulating the excavation process of the coal seam. The results show that when the main key stratum is located in the “original crack belt boundary,” the development of water-conducting fracture zone is significantly inhibited; when the main key stratum is located in the “original caving zone,” the water-conducting fracture zone is fully developed, and the crack belt finally develops to the top of the model. In order to verify the accuracy of the numerical simulation, similar material simulation experiments were performed under the same scheme. The results are consistent with the numerical simulation conclusions, effectively verifying the accuracy of the numerical simulation. Finally, the extraction of porosity of the goaf was carried out based on numerical simulation, and the permeability zoning of the goaf was performed; the results show that the development of the water-conducting fracture zone has a significant influence on the permeability of the mining area, and the more fully developed the fissure is, the greater is its permeability. In this paper, the fissure development law in the goaf under different key stratums is explored by various research stratums, and the results show a good consistency, which provides a scientific basis for the prevention and control of disasters such as water inrush and coal and gas outburst in mines, and provides theoretical guidance for safe mining.

THE COMMUNITY-BASED ECOTOURISM DEVELOPMENT ON “TAMAN BEJI GRIYA” IN PUNGGUL VILLAGE, ABIAN SEMAL, BADUNG

<p><br />The community-based ecotourism (CBET) is a new paradigm of tourism to encourage<br />the preservation of nature and culture, as well as improve the economy of local people. The development of CBET “Taman Beji Griya” in Punggul Village which is managed by the extended family community, “Griya Gede Manuaba Punggul”, is the main focus of this study. This CBET combines natural attractions such as waterfalls and caves with malukat and tirtayatra rituals, without changing its socio-religious function. Through a management strategy and a SWOT analysis approach, the development pattern and the potential and constraints of this CBET can be identified. This study found that the development pattern of CBET “Taman Beji Griya” includes the environment scanning, formulation strategy, implementation strategy, evaluation and control. The potential and constraints for the development of CBET “Taman Beji Griya” include internal and external factors. The internal potential includes land ownership status, management competence, and family support. Its external potential includes positive responses from tourists, community support, and the influence of social media. Internal constraints include limited financial capital, human resources, and management. Externally, the constraints include government regulations, relationships with traditional institutions and local agencies, as well as uncertain sources of income.</p>

Generation of Infant-dedicated Fine-grained Functional Parcellation Maps of Cerebral Cortex

Infancy is a dynamic and immensely important period in human brain development. Studies of infant functional development using resting-state fMRI rely on precisely defined cortical parcellation maps. However, available adult-based functional parcellation maps are not applicable for infants due to their substantial differences in functional organizations. Fine-grained infant-dedicated cortical parcellation maps are highly desired but remain scarce, due to difficulties ranging from acquiring to processing of infant brain MRIs. In this study, leveraging 1,064 high-resolution longitudinal rs-fMRIs from 197 infants from birth to 24 months and advanced infant-dedicated processing tools, we create the first set of infant-specific, fine-grained cortical functional parcellation maps. Besides the conventional folding-based cortical registration, we specifically establish the functional correspondences across individuals using functional gradient densities and generate both age-specific and age-common fine-grained parcellation maps. The first set of comprehensive brain functional developmental maps are accordingly derived, and reveals a complex, hitherto unseen multi-peak fluctuation development pattern in temporal variations of gradient density, network sizes, and local efficiency, with more dynamic changes during the first 9 months than other ages. Our proposed method is applicable in generating fine-grained parcellations for the whole lifespan, and our parcellation maps will be available online to advance the neuroimaging field.

Pattern

Pattern is central in the pattern-focused case conceptualization approach. This chapter highlights the five basic treatment challenges for each of the eight common patterns in everyday clinical practice. It first defines pattern and provides a clinical strategy for quickly identifying and differentiating the basic patterns. Then, it describes eight patterns: avoidant, borderline, dependent, histrionic, narcissistic, obsessive–compulsive, paranoid, and passive–aggressive. Each of these patterns is discussed in the following format: pattern description, pattern development, pattern types and triggers, and treatment challenges. Clinicians who understand patterns and can identify them easily in clients are more likely to be able to explain and guide treatment, as well as anticipate treatment challenges.