Pandemic Religion in Brazil—Temptation and Responsibility

Religious incidence in Brazilian public space is a widespread fact that has been gaining new visibility in pandemic times. Responsibility in liminal situations represents specific theological hermeneutics, as well as what matters for the respective religious agents. Thus, based on a bibliographical review connected to an analysis of websites, this article aims to reflect on the current Brazilian context, the challenges to doing theology in Brazil today and points to some possible responses. “Pandemic religion”, as we call it, is the synthesis of theologies and religious practices that legitimise irresponsible approaches to life, vulnerabilising the other instead of assuming care-based ethics. Firstly, we briefly describe current theological trends, followed by an analysis of the Brazilian scenario by way of three representative scenes of public religious incidence that reflect a lack of responsibility in view of the pandemic challenges caused by COVID-19. Subsequently, we look back into history for alternative responses to public health crises that required theological positioning. In a Brazilian perspective of a public theology, we finally reflect on a responsible ethics that may help respond to the current challenges, particularly for pandemic religion.

MUSIK KRITIS DALAM MEMBANGUN KESADARAN TERHADAP KONDISI SOSIAL POLITIK: STUDI KASUS MUSIKALISASI NYELENEH KARYA JASON RANTI BAGI GENERASI MUDA

Critical music has the ability to describe the socio-political reality that occur in the country. Musicians describe their concerns and ideas through lyrics found in critical music. So, musicians take advantage of the function of music as mass communication. Through critical music, the delivery of socio-political phenomena can be intertwined in a more informal and relaxed manner. Especially for the younger generation who are very close to the development of music, where Indonesia is in a demographic bonus phase. In this study, researcher attempted to explain the dynamics of critical music in Indonesia's political ecosystem and how it affects the critical awareness of the younger generation. Jason Ranti describes his anxiety through the lyrics that are eccentric but rich in meaning, relaxed but not purposeless, and critical without being patronizing. Jason Ranti's critical music can build the interest of the younger generation to be more critical of the ongoing socio-political phenomena. This study uses documentation as the main data which is supported by interviews. The result of this research is that Jason Ranti has contributed in spreading critical insights to the younger generation. By understanding the meaning of eccentric musicalization through critical hermeneutic theory, Jason Ranti describes the current social phenomenon and tries to provide alternative responses for his listeners. The younger generation becomes more caring, empathetic and interested about the socio-political phenomena that are happening. Through Jason Ranti's critical music, the younger generation can take responsive actions in responding to the socio-political phenomena that are currently happening. Critical Music, Socio-Political Conditions, Jason Ranti, Younger Generation.

Assessing and Treating Anxiety in Individuals with Autism

Anxiety is a cluster of responses that can involve both operant and respondent behavior, which can be both public and/or private in nature, and occurs when an upcoming aversive stimulus is signaled. Despite the reported high comorbidity of autism and anxiety, there has been very limited research on how to directly assess and treat anxiety, especially with individuals who have limited communication skills. In Study 1, anxiety was assessed in five individuals with autism, ranging in age from 10 to 19 years old. Anxiety was assessed by measuring behavior during (1) a baseline (with no putative anxiety-provoking stimuli present), (2) signals for an upcoming aversive event, and (3) exposure to that aversive event. Anxiety presented in several different ways, as both conditioned activation and suppression, and both with and without problem behavior during the aversive event. In Study 2, individualized treatments involving differential reinforcement of alternative responses and stimulus fading were used to successfully reduce anxious responding in all four participants who displayed anxiety. These studies demonstrated a potentially useful means of assessing anxiety in individuals with autism which may not only help to measure anxious behavior and identify anxiety-provoking events, but may also lead to effective treatment.

AN ANALYSIS OF TEACHERS AND STUDENTS' PERCEPTION OF ONLINE READING AT INTEGRATED ISLAMIC ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

This research purposes to analyze, how the teachers’ perceptions and students' perceptions of online reading in English learning. The explanation in this research is about the elements that influence online reading, the benefits of using online reading in class, and how online reading may help in the learning process, especially in reading. The questionnaire consists of fifteen statements and each statement has four alternative responses from one to four: agree, strongly agree, disagree, and strongly disagree. The questionnaire was distributed using Google Forms, and then the respondents were interviewed using WhatsApp. The results of the research indicate that teachers and the students show positive responses towards online reading. The teachers and the students perceived that online reading is ease than conventional reading. According to the research, there are benefits, including the ability for the teachers and students are to quickly find a reading topic by searching keywords, the ability for online reading to encourage students' independent learning attitudes, and students' increased interest in technology-based learning. There is one disadvantage: online reading is to be limited by the devices and tools accessible.

Coevolution between Himalayan cuckoos and two sympatric Pycnonotidae hosts

Selection due to cuckoo parasitism is responsible for the evolution of anti-parasitism defenses in hosts. Different host species breeding sympatrically with a single parasitic cuckoo may evolve different strategies to reduce the risk or counter cuckoo parasitism, resulting in different interactions between cuckoos and hosts in areas of sympatry. Here, we studied the coevolutionary interactions between Himalayan cuckoos Cuculus saturatus and two sympatric and closely related potential hosts belonging to the family Pycnonotidae, the brown-breasted bulbul Cuculus saturatus and the collared finchbill Spizixos semitorques. We investigated parasitism rates and nest site selection (nest height, nest cover, human disturbance, perch height, forest distance, and degree of concealment) related to parasitism risk, nest defense against a cuckoo dummy, and egg rejection against cuckoo model eggs. Bulbuls used specific nest sites that were further away from forests than those of finchbills, and they behaved more aggressively toward cuckoos than finchbills. In contrast, bulbuls possessed moderate egg rejection ability, while the finchbill rejected 100% of cuckoo model eggs. We suggest that selection of a nest site away from forests by the bulbul explains the absence of parasitism by Himalayan cuckoos. We suggest that these interspecific differences in nest site selection and nest defense indicate alternative responses to selection due to cuckoos.

The Influence of Social Media Marketing Activities on Purchase Intention Through Brand Awareness

The aim of this research was to investigate the influence of social media marketing activities on purchase intention and to elaborate the role of brand awareness as the mediating variable in this relationship. The sample consisted of 315 respondents. The data were collected through a closed-ended questionnaire with five alternative responses: highly agree (score five) and highly disagree (score one). The data were then analyzed through descriptive statistics and path analysis. The results showed that social media marketing activities had a significant influence on purchase intention and that brand awareness acted as the pull mediating variable in this relationship. Keywords: social media marketing activities, brand awareness, purchase intention

THE STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION OF EXTENSIVE READING IN ONLINE LEARNING AT FLSP CLASS

The purpose of this research aimed to know the students’ perception on their online Extensive reading learning. Survey design was used to conduct this study, and therefore, the questioner was constructed as the instruments of the study besides the researcher himself. The participants of this research were 44 students of first semester in the Accounting Department at FLSP class of University of Muhammadiyah Malang (Class A). The researcher adopted the questionnaire from a previous study conducted by Yogurtcu (2013), Tseng (2015), and Torres (2017), and the questionnaire showed the students’ perceptions of their online learning. The questionnaire consists of 20 statements and each statement has five alternative responses from 1 to 5: Strongly disagree, disagree, neutral, agree, and strongly agree. Google Form is the media to distribute the questionnaire due to the global pandemic of Covid 19. The results of the study indicate that students show positive response towards the use of Extensive reading in online learning. The students perceived that benefits of the activities had substantial effect on increasing their vocabularies, and students focused on educational evaluation they read during the semester. Based on the data, there are advantages, they are: we can complete to read the whole text, we can determine mind idea and supporting idea of the texts, The online reading activities helped me to get more interested in reading text, we can easily understand the text from online reading activities, and there is disadvantage, they are: distraction (Tools and Signal).

Women offenders who served community sentences: A view from Catalonia

Unlike in other jurisdictions, in Catalonia there has been no specific evaluation of women’s experiences regarding community sentences. The purpose of this article is to contribute to filling this gap by conducting qualitative research in Barcelona and Girona to analyse the experiences of women serving community sentences. To this end, 23 semi-structured interviews with women offenders are analysed. The results follow the trend found in research conducted in other jurisdictions and show that women have multiple issues, responsibilities and needs in comparison with men, and what works with female offenders is different from what works with male offenders with regard to supervision style, relationship with professionals and unpaid work or therapy environments. The findings make it possible to identify alternative responses that offer appropriate support and interventions to address women’s underlying problems and reduce reoffending. The article underscores the importance of listening to women’s voices in order to achieve a gender-sensitive criminal justice system.