Pemimpin Idaman Dalam Masyarakat Multikultural

<p><em>This study aims to formulate indicators and characteristics of an effective leader and are desired by a multicultural society. This research is important to answer various problems or conflicts that occur in Indonesian society, especially social conflicts related to religion. Based on the existing literature, it is explained that the factors associated with effective multicultural leadership to deal with social conflict are personal identity, individual competence and individual experiences related to diversity. The method used in this article is through normative research or through literature searches such as books, journals, papers and other sources that are considered to be similar or relevant. The results of the research in this article indicate that factors related to multicultural leadership expected by society are one's innate nature, values that support diversity that are instilled early in a person and environmental factors that can provide experiences to increase cultural intelligence. In the indicators there are innate traits that are important to have, such as: patient, courageous, assertive and innovative.</em></p>

Perception of Effective Multicultural Leadership: A Qualitative Study in Western Java

With the rise of ethno-religious conflicts in Indonesia, this qualitative study aims to find the criteria for effective leadership in Indonesia’s multicultural setting. A total of 8 informants were interviewed and 14 others participated in a two Focus Group Discussions. Results showed that factors related to effective multicultural leadership in handling etno-religious conflicts were personal attributes, behavioral competencies, and experience related to the diversity. One significant finding of this research which is different from other researches in secular Western settings is the role of religiousity in enhancing leadership effectiveness for handling etno-religious conflicts. This result showed the need for further researches on leadership effectiveness in various contexts in non Western cultures.

Multicultural Leadership in Higher Education

Women and people of color are vastly underrepresented in the American professoriate; although the presence of female faculty and professors of color is beneficial to the academy on various levels, these groups often face numerous barriers and challenges while serving in the professoriate and striving for promotion and tenure. This study was designed to investigate demonstrated multicultural awareness and positive work environment with regard to race, gender, or a combination within academic departments to help academic leaders better develop and understand multicultural leadership. Data were collected from 650 tenured and tenure-track faculty through an online questionnaire. The data analysis revealed that males and females of color within the professoriate report a less positive work environment than Caucasian faculty.