Artificial exosomes for translational nanomedicine

Exosomes are lipid bilayer membrane vesicles and are emerging as competent nanocarriers for drug delivery. The clinical translation of exosomes faces many challenges such as massive production, standard isolation, drug loading, stability and quality control. In recent years, artificial exosomes are emerging based on nanobiotechnology to overcome the limitations of natural exosomes. Major types of artificial exosomes include ‘nanovesicles (NVs)’, ‘exosome-mimetic (EM)’ and ‘hybrid exosomes (HEs)’, which are obtained by top-down, bottom-up and biohybrid strategies, respectively. Artificial exosomes are powerful alternatives to natural exosomes for drug delivery. Here, we outline recent advances in artificial exosomes through nanobiotechnology and discuss their strengths, limitations and future perspectives. The development of artificial exosomes holds great values for translational nanomedicine.

The Birth of a Hollywood Spectacle: Visual Expression and Narrative Functions of Costumes in Cecil B. DeMille’s Silent Films

The article explores the functions of film costumes in the works of Cecil B. DeMille, the American film director, whose pictures of the late 1910s and early 1920s are notable for their artistic achievements in the field of set and costume design. On the material of certain films from his “matrimonial cycle”, the author analyses the narrative and spectacular functions of costumes, while making an emphasis on the director’s role in the development of the artistic uniqueness and visual extravagance of Hollywood films of this period. The films of this cycle display some key strategies in film costume function- ing and design methods that would be adopted by the Hollywood film industry to become the new production standard in this field.

PENGARUH PROGRAM UPAYA KHUSUS TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS, BIAYA POKOK PRODUKSI DAN PENDAPATAN USAHATANI KEDELAI DI KABUPATEN LAMPUNG TIMUR

This study aims to analyze the impact of the Upsus program on those three variables. The sample of this study were chosen by the simple random sampling method. The total respondents were 66 farmers of soybean from two districts in three villages for each district. They were interviewed for their farm budget in dry season2014 for non-upsus and dry season 2018 for Upsus. Therefore, the total observations were 132. There are three dependent variables, i.e. yield, production standard cost (HPP), and profit. The independent variables were Upsus and location as a control variable. Data were analyzed by the multiple linear regression model. The results of this study revealed that the Upsus program had statiscally significant (α= 1%) impact on increasing the yield, decreasing the production standard cost, and increasing the profit of the soybean farming. Its yield increased 16%, i.e. from 1.35 ton/ha to 1.57 ton/ha. Its production standard cost decreased 19%, i.e. from IDR4.690/kg to IDR3,820/kg. Its profit increased 57%, i.e. from IDR3.21 million/ha to IDR5.05 million/ha.Key words: cost, production, profit, soybean, yield

Integration of Video Games To Support the FCS Education Food Production Standards

Digital games can provide fun, motivating, and challenging experiences for students in the classroom. Recent research on educational games has shown that game play can positively influence academic achievement, engagement, and 21st century skills (Abdul Jabbar & Felicia, 2015; Qian & Clark, 2016). When playing games, students solve problems, collaborate with peers, and practice new skills—all within a digital environment. There are multiple games that simulate preparing and serving food. Generally, players are tasked to prepare food based on the requests of customers. Ingredients are processed on different tables or appliances, and final dishes are delivered to customers. Players who fail to complete recipes correctly or take too long during preparation may negatively influence customers' expectations. Although games vary in quality and applicability to the classroom, many address components of the Food Service and Production standard to "integrate knowledge, skills, and practices required for careers in food production and services" (National Association of State Administrators of Family and Consumer Sciences [NASAFACS], 2018, p.1).

Correlation of Body Weight and Spermatozoa Motility of Native Chickens with Feeding BSF Maggot

This study was conducted to evaluate the reproductive potential of native chickens by examining the correlation between body weight and spermatozoa motility. The correlation analysis results obtained a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.475. The results in this research was a significant value of 0.196>0.05 means that statistically, there is a relationship between body weight and spermatozoa motility. Still, the correlation between body weight and spermatozoa is weak. Bodyweight gain is one parameter that can be used as a production standard. Based on the results studied, it can be concluded that there is a relationship with the correlation value between body weight and spermatozoa motility of male cocks with BSF Magot feeding.

PENGARUH PROGRAM UPAYA KHUSUS (UPSUS) TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS, BIAYA POKOK PRODUKSI, DAN PENDAPATAN USAHATANI JAGUNG DI KABUPATEN LAMPUNG TIMUR

Corn is one of the food crops that substitutes rice in Indonesia. In 2011-2014 its production had been smaller than its needs and losses. To increase its production, the government had implemented Upaya Khusus (Upsus) program since 2015. The Upsus implementation is successful if yield increases, productionstandard cost decreases, and profit increases. The objective of this study is to analyze the impacts of the Upsus on those three variables. The sampel respondents were chosen by the simple random sampling method. The total respondents were 26 corn farmers from three districts and two villages in each district. Respondents were interviewed for their farm budget in the four seasons, i.e. rainy season 2014/2015, dry season 2015, rainy season 2017/2018, and dry season 2018. Therefore, the total observation was 104.The dependent variables were yield, production standard cost, and profit. The independent variables were Upsus, Location, and Season. Data were analyzed by the multiple linear regression model. The results of this study was that Upsus has statistically significant impact on increasing its yield (α= 1%), decreasing its production standard cost (α= 5%), and increasing its profit (α =1%). The corn yield increased from 4,88 ton/ha to 5,54 ton/ha, i.e. increase 13%. The corn production standard cost decreased from IDR2,054/kg to IDR1,747/kg, i.e. decrease 15%. The corn profit increased from IDR6.21 million/ha to IDR8.26 million/ha,i.e. increase 33%.Key words: corn, non-Upsus, production standard cost, profit, Upsus, yield

The Effectiviness of Organic Method for Increasing the Productivity of Oil Palm That Is Infected by Ganoderma

The usage of organic fertilizer is expected to help developing organic plantation so that it can produce organic CPO and other organic derivate. Our study used organic fertilizer SUPER MOAF (Multi Organic Alkali Fertilizer), biopesticide and biofungiside CHIPS (Colony Highly Invasive Protection System) that is manufactured by PT. Propadu Konair Tarahubun. We conducted this study in 7 different plantation: Kecamatan Langgam, Riau block K and L with the plantation year of 2011; Kecamatan Bila Hilir, North Sumatra block DO and CO with the plantation year of 2011; Kecamatan Langgam, Riau block J and I with the plantation year of 2010; Kecamatan Long Iklis, East Kalimantan block 26 and 27 with the plantation year in 2002; Kecamatan Sei Kijang, Riau block M12 and N12 with the plantation year of 2005; Kecamatan Langgam, Riau block F and H with the plantation year of 2009; Kecamatan Teluk Dalam, North Sumatra block R and M with the plantation year of 2006. All plantation is given the same treatment: nonorganic fertilizer in control block (L, CO, I, 27, N12, H, and M) and switching from using Non-organic fertilizer to MOAF organic fertilizer in experiment block (K, DO, J, 26, M12, F, and R), this study is conducted for 4-5 years (2014-2018). The switching from nonorganic fertilizer to organic fertilizer is done in 2015, except for the oil palm that the plantation year is in 2011 is done in 2016. After switching from Non-organic to organic fertilizer, in the experiment blocks, show increasing of production (26.47%-88.33%) per Ha meanwhile the control block show increasing of production (4.21%-38.76%) per Ha. Fertilizer is given to the tree that has infected by disease, damaged, and have to be replanted because of Ganoderma invasion. Using MOAF organic method can also increase the production approximately 64.34%-110.77% from PPKS production standard in palm oil that has been infected by Ganoderma. Using MOAF fertilizer, biopesticide, and biofungiside CHIPS are not only recovering the palm oil that is expected to collapse soon because of Ganoderma infection but also maximize the production that is similar to healthy palm oil. Organic method is an efficient and effective way to help increasing the production of palm oil and environmental sustainability even in Ganoderma infection condition.