Spatial Distribution of, and Variations in, Cold Regions in China from 1961 to 2019

In this study, on the basis of the temperature data collected at 612 meteorological stations in China from 1961 to 2019, cold regions were defined using three indicators: an average temperature of <−3.0 °C during the coldest month; less than five months with an average temperature of >10 °C; and an annual average temperature of ≤5 °C. Spatial interpolation, spatial superposition, a trend analysis, and a spatial similarity analysis were used to obtain the spatial distribution of the cold regions in China from 1961 to 2019. Then, the areas of the cold regions and the spatial change characteristics were analyzed. The results reveal that the average area of the cold regions in China from 1961 to 2019 was about 427.70 × 104 km2, accounting for about 44.5% of the total land area. The rate of change of the area of the cold regions from 1961 to 2019 was −14.272 × 104 km2/10 a, exhibiting a very significant decreasing trend. On the basis of the changes between 1991–2019 and 1961–1990, the area of China’s cold regions decreased by 49.32 × 104 km2. The findings of this study provide references for studying changes in the natural environment due to climate change, as well as for studying changes on a global scale.

THE TRANSFORMATION OF RESIDENTIAL SPATIAL AND FORM IN KAUMAN VILLAGE YOGYAKARTA

Kauman village becomes a symbol of the Javanese philosophy and the Islamic ideology on which the local society orient their faith. This research aims to find the residential transformation factors and form in Kauman village in Yogyakarta and the characteristic of each object to conserve Kauman village as a constituent element that defines Yogyakarta City's identity. This research method is qualitative – descriptive research using a synchronic approach to present synthetic results from each object and detailed object characteristics conducted in a certain period. All data are collected by doing observation and interviewing second parties. The discussion led to the residential spatial change as an adaptation form of Batik skipper's and Ketib's residence in Kauman village of Yogyakarta. It can be concluded that the identity of the residents as a part of a modern community is gradually more dominant than the desire to reveal their identity as a part of a traditional Javanese community. Nevertheless, Batik skipper's residences retain Javanese architecture and Indische architecture characteristics as a symbol of the social status of the Batik Skipper and Ketib; The space for religious activities is no longer available in Batik skipper's residence. On the contrary, it is available in Ketib's home, where the residents still retain the function of langgar, which is located in the highest privacy zone.

EXPRESS: Objectal Resistance: The Political role of personal objects in workers’ resistance to spatial change

Flexwork, i.e. the combination of shared offices and telework, is one of the major changes affecting the workplace these days. But how do employees react to these transformations of their work environment? In this paper, we investigate employees’ resistance to the introduction of flexwork in a large Belgian organization. We show employees resisting this workspace transformation through the use of personal objects as means to physically reconnect to the place, using objects to convey their claims and objectively occupy places. Though space has become a key analytic concept in the study of organizations, research still largely neglects the concrete role played by personal objects in the capacity of workers to resist change in the occupation of workspaces. We highlight the mutual constitution of objects and space in practices of resistance to workspace change. We show specifically how the politicality of these materials—referred to here as objectal resistance—comes from the meaning that people assign to objects when they place them in order to reestablish workers’ bodily presence at work—i.e., from acts of objects embodiment and emplacement. We contribute to studies of resistance in the workplace by showing that objectal resistance is a complex combination of overt and covert activities, which leads to see the classic opposition between recognition and post-recognition politics in a new light.

Temporal and Spatial Change of Juvenile Crimes in Taif Governorate during the Period 2015-2020: التغير الزماني والمكاني لجرائم الأحداث في محافظة الطائف خلال الفترة من 2015- 2020م

The study aimed to highlight the temporal and spatial change of juvenile crimes in the Taif Governorate during the period from 2015-2020. To achieve its objectives, the study relied on the data of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Development– Juvenile Welfare Department 2020. The study adopted the inductive-inferential approach as a methodological framework, using statistical methods and modern techniques in graphs and cartography. The study found that the crimes decreased very sharply from 33.3% to 2.8%, and the results showed that the two crimes of self and money were at the top of the list of juvenile crimes. As for the nationalities of the perpetrators of these crimes, except for Saudis, 17 nationalities participated in them, as the Yemeni community formed the highest percentage (22%), followed by Burmese nationality (16%) of the total nationalities. In terms of the spatial distribution of the crime, Al- Hawiyah and Al- Faisaliyah police stations occupied the largest percentage among the police departments by about (43%) for both of them. Based on the results, the study recommends conducting more juvenile crime studies, focusing on self and money crimes.

Spatial Changes in the Atrial Fibrillation Wave-Dynamics After Using Antiarrhythmic Drugs: A Computational Modeling Study

Background: We previously reported that a computational modeling-guided antiarrhythmic drug (AAD) test was feasible for evaluating multiple AADs in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). We explored the anti-AF mechanisms of AADs and spatial change in the AF wave-dynamics by a realistic computational model.Methods: We used realistic computational modeling of 25 AF patients (68% male, 59.8 ± 9.8 years old, 32.0% paroxysmal AF) reflecting the anatomy, histology, and electrophysiology of the left atrium (LA) to characterize the effects of five AADs (amiodarone, sotalol, dronedarone, flecainide, and propafenone). We evaluated the spatial change in the AF wave-dynamics by measuring the mean dominant frequency (DF) and its coefficient of variation [dominant frequency-coefficient of variation (DF-COV)] in 10 segments of the LA. The mean DF and DF-COV were compared according to the pulmonary vein (PV) vs. extra-PV, maximal slope of the restitution curves (Smax), and defragmentation of AF.Results: The mean DF decreased after the administration of AADs in the dose dependent manner (p &lt; 0.001). Under AADs, the DF was significantly lower (p &lt; 0.001) and COV-DF higher (p = 0.003) in the PV than extra-PV region. The mean DF was significantly lower at a high Smax (≥1.4) than a lower Smax condition under AADs. During the episodes of AF defragmentation, the mean DF was lower (p &lt; 0.001), but the COV-DF was higher (p &lt; 0.001) than that in those without defragmentation.Conclusions: The DF reduction with AADs is predominant in the PVs and during a high Smax condition and causes AF termination or defragmentation during a lower DF and spatially unstable (higher DF-COV) condition.

On the Peculiarities of Realization of Electrostatic Instability of Charged Liquid Surface in Various Geometries

The paper deals with some peculiarities of realization of electrostatic instability of a charged liquid surface on the vertices of the charged and uncharged drops in an external electrostatic field in a cylindrical jet and a flat surface. It was shown that the critical values of the surface density of the electric charge under the mentioned conditions on the threshold of the realization of instability are different in magnitude, despite the phenomenological similarity. Most probably, the reason is the differences (under all mentioned conditions) in the spatial change in the strength of the electrostatic field in the vicinity of the growing (when the charged surface of the liquid is unstable) emission protrusion. Both equilibrium and non-equilibrium forms of droplets, jets, planes and their symmetry were discussed.