Disepalum rawagambut (Annonaceae), a new tree species from peat swamp forest of Sumatra, Indonesia

N/A

STRATEGI ADAPTASI MASYARAKAT DESA HUTAN RAWA GAMBUT PASCA KEBAKARAN HUTAN DAN LAHAN DI KALIMANTAN SELATAN

The fire of forest and land especially in forest swamp forest have cause changes in the environment biophysical significant the impact on the occurrence of changes in the environment social. Changes in the environment biophysical and environmental social as the impact of the change over to the area of forest swamp peat has been encouraging people to do the adaptation so that they still exist as individuals and as a community to sustain life ( existence ) and improved its well-being life ( welfare ). Based on the background behind it then needs to do research. From the results of the interim research, it was found that there were various adaptation patterns of the community in adapting to peat swamp forest after fires, including adaptation of land use and adaptation of job diversification outside of work based on forest and peat swamp land use.

Historical data guides restoration of degraded peat swamp forests in Southeast Asia

Peat swamp forests in Southeast Asia are under heavy pressure. Deforestation, forest degradation, wildfires, and drainage have damaged or destroyed substantial areas of the once extensive peat swamp forest formations. Several efforts are underway to rehabilitate degraded peat forests areas in order to restore some of the valuable ecosystem services these forested areas once provided. However, these efforts often result in (mixed)-plantations that only partly resemble the original peat forests. Information about these peat swamp forests’ complex origin and ecology is needed to improve restoration outcomes further. Our paper analyses historical data from coastal peat swamp forests in Sarawak and Brunei and discusses the potential to use this as the reference value for intact peat forests. We describe the observed stand structure and species composition for pristine peat swamp forest, and we analyze the population structure of three dominant peat swamp forest species: Gonystylus bancanus (ramin), Dactylocladus stenostachys (jongkong) and Shorea albida (alan batu). We compare the historical data with data from recently measured, degraded peat swamp forests. We discuss our results in relation to processes of peat dome formation, nutrient availability and hydrology, and give recommendations for peat swamp forest management and restoration.

Assessment of soil carbon stocks in several peatland covers in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia

Changes in the soil carbon (C) stocks of degraded peatlands due to drainage, fire, or conversion of forest cover have not been studied much. This study aims to determine the characteristics of soil C stocks in degraded peatland covers due to logging and fire. The research was carried out on peatlands located in three villages representing peatland cover conditions in the form of primary/pristine peat swamp forest, logged-over forest, and post-fire peatland. Peat samples from each type of peatland cover were analyzed to determine the bulk density (BD) and C concentration. The results showed that peatland on the logged-over forest has the highest BD (0.135 gr cm−3) compared to the other sites. Based on the distribution of peat depth, the lowest BD was mainly found at the surface peat layers and increased significantly with the depth of peat. The C concentration with the mean value of 57.6% showed no significant differences among the three locations and at different depths. Soil C stocks in the upper one-meter depth were 621, 779, and 606 Mg ha−1 in the peat swamp forest, logged-over forest, and post-fire peatland, respectively. The total soil C stocks were ultimately determined by the peat thickness in the area.

The Covid-19 pandemic impact on indigenous people livelihoods in the peat swamp forest ecosystem in Central Kalimantan Indonesia

Global tropical peat swamp forest ecosystems mostly are found in Indonesia. However, these unique yet fragile ecosystems are subject to deforestation and degradation due to forest fires and land conversion. Peat swamp forests are well known for their ecosystem services related to global climate mitigation because they store carbon inside and are very vulnerable to forest fires. Another direct function is providing various needs for the indigenous people livelihoods who live close to and in the areas. This study was conducted qualitatively to assess the forest utilization and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the livelihoods of indigenous people. The study results show that the Dayak Ngaju Communities utilize the forest for timber, non-timbers, medicinal plants, foods, and religious culture. There is no significant impact of COVID-19 on forest product collection activities, but the pandemic impacts the marketing and sales of forest products. The marketing of fish and other non-timber forest products has been negatively affected due to decreased demand and limited transportation. On the contrary, the use, need, and demand for medicinal plants for the traditional medicine of COVID-19 is increasing significantly and improving local livelihoods.

Biological Activities and Chemical Profiles of Selected Soil Fungi Isolated from Sirindhorn Peat Swamp Forest of Narathiwat, Thailand

A total of 54 soil fungi were collected from Sirindhorn peat swamp forest in Narathiwat Province which is the last peat swamp forests in Thailand. They were extracted using four different solvents and 104 crude extracts were obtained. The bioactivity screening of these samples was done employing alpha-glucosidase inhibition, anti-inflammation using nitric oxide inhibition and cytotoxicity using cancer cell line (MCF-7). The results showed that SPSF224 crude extract had the best biological activities in the screening tests and was then selected for further study. The SPSF224 was identified as Penicillium maximae. The crude extracts of P. maximae were determined for chemical profile, IC50 value of alpha-glucosidase inhibition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and T. rubrum. This was the first report of chemical investigation and biological activity evaluation of P. maximae.

First records of the flat-headed cat Prionailurus planiceps on the Kampar Peninsula, Sumatra, Indonesia

The flat-headed cat Prionailurus planiceps is one of the rarest small felids, with little known about its distribution, population status or habitat requirements, largely because of the few records of the species. We report here 11 detections of this Endangered species, recorded during 4 years of camera-trap surveys in a peat-swamp forest on the Kampar Peninsula, Riau province, Sumatra. These are the first records of this species on the Kampar Peninsula, in an area of c. 1,300 km2 of peat-swamp forest comprising four adjacent Ecosystem Restoration Concession licences. All records were near water bodies (mean distance 351 m) in lowland peat-swamp forest. These findings add to the existing knowledge of the species' distribution in Sumatra and confirm its presence in these peat-swamp forests. To inform species conservation management planning for the Kampar Peninsula, further research on this species is required.

Identification of Bird species in Wetlands around Siran Lake, Muara Kaman, Central Mahakam, East Kalimantan

The avifauna of tropical peat swamp forests in East Kalimantan has not been well documented because of the smallest peat area compared to central Kalimantan. The surveys were conducted using various methods in the Muara Siran peat swamp forests and surrounding areas of Lake Siran (heath forest and riparian) in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. These findings were recorded on a list of 80 bird species as well as in numerous noteworthy records. Wetlands are an essential habitat for many threatened and near-threatened bird species. We also discovered Gallinula tenebrosa in Siran Lake, a species that has not been seen in over a century. However, it has a wide distribution globally, including in Australia and the United States. In the peat swamp forest, we recorded Cymbirrhinchus macrurus and Ichtyophaga humilis, rare and widely distributed. We also found Dicrurus hottentotus and Dicrurus remifer, some species of Ferruginous Babbler, Trichastoma bicolor, and the White-necked Babbler, Stachyris leucotis. The Hook-billed bulbul Setornis criniger and the Sooty capped Babbler Malacopteron affinae are found in riparian forests. There are six species of woodpecker. Dryocopus javensis, Great Slaty Woodpecker, Mulleripicus pulverulentus, Meyglyptes tukki, Picus puniceus, and Sasia abnormis. Cuckoo-shrike Coracina striata and Pitta sordia were also discovered. Wetlands (peat swamp forest, heath forest, and riparian areas) should be better protected due to their importance to many species, particularly from destruction and loss of habitat caused by forest fires.