Study of the biochemical properties of bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus and their identification

This article discusses the current data on the biochemical properties of bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus and their use in industry, particularly in dairy production and biotechnology. Microorganisms of the genus Lactobacillus have antagonistic activity against pathogenic microorganisms and perform an immunomodulatory function. The positive effect of lactobacilli on human health explains their active use in probiotics. The positive effects of normal intestinal microflora and probiotics are mainly due to bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. In probiotic therapy, various types of bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus are used, such as: L. acidophilus, L. rhamnosus, L. plantarum, L. fermentum, L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, L. casei, L. paracasei. In recent years, the biotechnology of probiotics has been intensively developing - drugs used for the correction and prevention of microecological disorders in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals. An urgent issue is obtaining new data on the biological properties of lactobacilli, creating new probiotic preparations based on them using modified approaches to cultivation. The results of determining the species L. acidophilus L. casei, L. rhamnosus, L. paracasei, obtained by the classical biochemical identification method based on saccharolytic activity, complicating species identification, are comparable to the molecular genetic method. In the case of L. casei, L. rhamnosus, L. paracasei, it is necessary to carry out modern identification methods based on the polymerase chain reaction, since their biochemical properties are similar, which makes it difficult to carry out species identification. The molecular genetic method is a valuable addition to the intergeneric and species identification of lactobacilli, given the variability of the classical biochemical method. Key words: Lactobacillus, biochemical identification, probiotics, bacteria.

Myotonic dystrophy Rossolimo-Churchman-Steinert-Batten (clinical case)

В статье представлено описание семейного случая миотонической дистрофии Россолимо-Штейнерта-Куршмана-Баттена. Диагноз подтвержден в результате ДНК-диагностики: выявлено увеличенное число копий CTG-повтора гена DMPK, ответственного за развитие миотонической дистрофии. A family case report of Rossolimo-Steinert-Curschmann myotonic dystrophy is presented. An increased number of copies of CTG-repeats of the DMPK gene responsible for the development of MD, i.e., the diagnosis was confirmed by molecular genetic method.

Possibilities of molecular-genetic diagnosis of Duchenne/Becker myodystrophy

В статье представлены результаты клинического наблюдения 13 пациентов с прогрессирующей мышечной дистрофией Дюшенна/Беккера, подтвержденной молекулярно-генетическим. Clinical observation results of 13 patients with progressive Duchene/Becker muscular dystrophy are presented, molecular-genetic method is used in all cases.

Method Development to Determine the Fractal Structures Index into the Broiler Chickens’ Intestines

Microbial communities in the intestines of birds self-organize to carry out joint biochemical actions and extract nutrients from plant substrates. Depending on the feed entering the intestine, the configuration of the microbial biosystem is regularly reconstructed, evenly distributing the enzymatic load between the microbial components. To assess the qualitative and quantitative indicators of these processes, it is proposed to calculate the index of fractal structures of microbial communities existing in the intestines of birds. The technique is based on a fractal analysis of the frequency spectrum of operational taxonomic units (OTU) of microbial communities obtained by the molecular genetic method. Initially, the initial OTU spectrum is converted into an abbreviated spectrum of OTU groups, in which each group combines OTE that are similar in frequency of occurrence. Next, a two-dimensional fractal portrait of the microbial community is constructed, on which each OTU group is represented by a point with coordinates that depend on the frequencies of these groups. A fractal portrait is necessary for conducting a topological analysis of the location of points on it and isolating fractal structures in the microbial community. As a fractal measure, the analysis uses triangles with vertices at the points of the OTU groups. At the same time, the smallest heights of the triangles are selected with the scale of the fractal measure. The construction of triangles and their arrangement in increasing order of scale of the fractal measure allows us to select the first triangles in a row, since they are triangles degenerate into a segment by a straight line. OTU groups included in degenerate triangles are the sought-after determined OTU groups belonging to fractal structures in the microbial community. Their share in the microbial community determines the index of fractal structures (IFS), which also takes into account the uniform distribution of the enzymatic load between OTU. In the experiment, the molecular genetic method of NGS was used to study microbial communities in the intestines of broilers of NGS using two types of probiotics. The obtained frequency-taxonomic spectra were used to calculate the IFS. An analysis of the results showed that probiotics affect the self-organization of microbial communities.

THE USE OF MOLECULAR GENETIC METHOD TO DETERMINE THE ETIOLOGY OF COMMUNITYACQUIRED PNEUMONIA IN SERVICEMEN

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