The impact of genotype and common bunt intensity on winter wheat productivity in Southeastern Kazakhstan

Твердая головня на озимой пшенице вызывается грибами Tilletia tritici и T. laevis и может вызывать потери урожая от 30% и более. Исследования проводились в 2016–2017 гг. на 5 коммерческих сортах озимой пшеницы на площадках Казахского научно-исследовательского института земледелия и растениеводства. С помощью статистической программы R установлено, что урожай зерна от твердой головни снижался на 0,4–32,3%, а на урожайность растений оказывали влияние факторы сорта и степени их пораженности болезнью. Эти показатели коррелировали с высотой растений, нижнего колена, длиной и шириной колоса, количеством колосков, весом зерна с колоса и с растения. У четырех сортов потери урожая зерна (Жетысу, Фараби, Ажарлы и Стекловидная 24) составили от 0,2 до 3,6 %, а у сорта Наз эти показатели были в пределах 32,3 %. У сорта Наз 43,0 % растений были поражены твердой головней на 100 %, у Жетысу, Фараби, Ажарлы и Стекловидная 24 поражено до 15, 77, 85, 44 % растений соответственно, с уровнем пораженности от 10 до 20–30 %.

Effect of some induce chemical and biological agents against (Tilletia tritici (Bjerk) and T.laevis (Kühn) causal agents of wheat Common bunt disease

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of some chemicals and biological agents to induce systemic resistance (ISR) against to wheat common bunt disease caused by the two species of fungus Tilletia tritici (Bjerk.) Wint (T. caries (Dac.) Tul.) and T. laevis Kuhn (T. foetida (Wall.) Liro. Trails in the efforts to find an alternative, safe and environmentally friendly means to control the disease. Results of this study which carried out during two consecutive seasons for the years 2012 - 2013 and 2013 - 2014 at two different environmental locations. Seed treatment by (SA 100 and 200 mg/L, 500 ?–aminobutyric acid (BABA) and 1000 mg/L, Effective Microorganisms (EM1) 40 and 150 ml/kg seeds) have led to high significant reduction in the percentage of common bunt compared with the control (plants resulting from the seeds contaminated non- treatment), While foliar treatment showed some significant differences, especially in the experiment carried out at the fields of College of Agriculture - Baghdad University compared with experiments carried out in the fields of Faculty of Agricultural Sciences -University of Sulaimania, which did not showed significant differences in most treatments. The treatment with Effective microorganisms was found efficient in reducing the infection rate compared with SA and BABA.

Seeding date and location affect winter wheat infection by common bunt (Tilletia tritici and T. laevis) in western Canada

Gaudet, D. A., Puchalski, B. J., Despins, T., McCartney, C., Menzies, J. G. and Graf, R. J. 2013. Seeding date and location affect winter wheat infection by common bunt (Tilletia tritici and T. laevis) in western Canada. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 483–489. The majority of western Canadian winter wheat varieties are susceptible to common bunt (Tilletia tritici and T. laevis) and the risk to production, particularly in Saskatchewan and Manitoba, where the majority of production occurs, is unknown. Inoculated trials were employed to determine the effects of fall seeding date on bunt infection levels on one resistant and two susceptible winter wheat varieties at three locations in western Canada during three growing seasons from 2007/2008 to 2009/2010. Among the three locations, average infection levels were highest in Lethbridge, AB, followed by Glenlea, MB, and Saskatoon, SK. Later seeding resulted in high infection levels at all three locations in the susceptible varieties, particularly in Lethbridge, but high infection levels were observed in the earliest seeded treatments at both the Saskatchewan and Manitoba locations. The resistant variety Blizzard consistently exhibited infection levels of less than 3% infection across all environments. In a second test at conducted at Lethbridge, 10 of the 11 currently grown winter wheat varieties were susceptible to common bunt. These results indicate that there is a general risk of common bunt infection to winter wheat production across western Canada and that control measures must be taken until resistant varieties are developed.

Common bunt (Tilletia tritici) in different wheat genotypes

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Defence responses and associated signalling pathways associated with the Bt10 gene in wheat for resistance to Tilletia tritici, the common bunt pathogen

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Efficacy of some fungicides in Tilletia tritici control

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