Weed infestation in the crop rotations depending on the cultivation technology in the Crimea

The stationary experiment on the comparative study of the direct sowing and traditional cultivation technology was laid in 2015–2016 at the trial field of the FSBSI “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”. Two five-course crop rotations were taken as a base; all fields were included in the crop rotation. During the years of research, we observed mixed weed infestation. No matter what cultivation technology was applied, actual weed flora at the fields with winter crops was represented by overwintering and winter weeds; at the fields with spring crops – annual spring weeds. There were no rootstock grasses and rhizomatous perennial weeds or there were few of them at all fields in the experimental crop rotations both by traditional cultivation technology and direct sowing. Timely and high-quality weed control put the direct sowing on equal footing with the traditional one. It is advisable to change herbicides, their doses, as well as use tank mixes, after moving to a direct sowing system.

Selection of the assortment of trees for protective forest plantations

Reclamation of land on community land funds and the hydrographic network contributes to the most effective means of protecting the soil from water erosion. However, the condition, growth, and productivity of the protective forest stands themselves depend on the species composition. Many years of studies have clearly shown that not all tree species and shrubs can successfully grow on washed soils. Extensive scientific material provides a description of the growth and current status of the studied species, a detailed taxation description of the forest plantations. Of particular value are those species that can grow on eroded lands and protect the soil from erosion.

Yield of winter wheat using complex fertilizers based on amino acids

In a three-year field study, the effect of liquid complex organomineral fertilizers based on amino acids on the yield of soft winter wheat was studied. The early leaf treatment of crops with “Polydon Amino Plus” and “Polydon Amino Mix” fertilizers increased the crop yield by 9.3 % and 11.9 %, respectively.

Ecosystem approaches in the protection of reserved forest areas from phytophagous insects

Ecosystem approaches are highly important for pest control in forest reserved areas. Their background is conservation of biodiversity, application of microbial pathogens (bacteria, viruses and fungi) and preparations. Selective and prophylactic natural remedies (attractants, repellents and deterrents) are preferable also. This complex can provide biological security of forest reservations.

“Nanosilicon” and productivity of soybean in the central zone of the Krasnodar region

This article indicates the results of studies of the effect of various doses of mineral fertilizers with trace elements based on pure silicon – “Nanosilicon” – on the productivity of soybean plants. Soya is a unique crop in its specificity. It is widely used in the food industry, both in the process of human food production, and in the production of animal feed. Silicon is the second most abundant element in the lithosphere of our planet. It increases stress resistance of plants, improves absorbing capacity of the root system, helps plants to retain moisture in the dry period, and strengthens the cell walls of plants. In general, the result was positive regardless of the amount of the preparation used, so the yield increased on average by 12.9 %, oil collection – by 12.8 %, and protein collection – by 15.1 %.

Selection of the optimal culture medium for cultivation Fusarium sporotrichioides Sherb

The influence of various culture media on the growth, morphological and cultural characteristics of the fungus F. sporotrichioides was studied. Ten culture media were used in our research. A comparative study of the growth rate of the F. sporotrichioides mycelium made it possible to identify two media that are the most suitable for the cultivation and identification of this species, namely carrot and tomato agar. We took into account such criteria as ensuring the maximum degree of sporulation, rapid growth and development of mycelium (the 7th day), colony diameter (71–78 mm), as well as the ease of preparation. Nirenberg culture medium can be used to obtain a large number of conidia of the fungus. Because of the high variability of cultural characteristics of F. sporotrichioides, we recommend using different composition of media.

Use of synthetic form Triticum miguschovae Zhir in common wheat breeding

T. miguschovae (GGAADD) was used as a “genetic bridge” to transfer valuable traits to the common wheat instead T. militina and Ae. tauschii. Lines with resistance to leaf rust, yellow rust and powdery mildew, as well as with high protein content (17–18 %) were selected. The lines with translocation Т2BL.2BS-2GL, 5BS.5BL-5GL, T6BS.6BL-6GL and substitution of chromosomes 1D(1Dt), 4D(4Dt), 5D(5Dt), 6D(6Dt) were identified. DNA analysis revealed that the lines can carry leaf rust resistance genes that are different from the known Lr39 and Lr50. Introgression lines have been successfully used in breeding. Five common winter wheat cultivars are developed.

The results of the use of winter forms of Triticum durum Desf. in the selection of spring durum wheat

Variety of spring durum wheat ‘Yadritsa’ and new promising lines were created using a winter component. The new breeding material belongs to the short-stemmed wheat group with high resistance to lodging (8–9 points) and exceeds the standard variety in productivity by 0.7–1.5 tons per 1 ha while maintaining high grain quality.

Optimization of cultivated strawberry micropropagation using а biogenic silica and green-tea-flavonoids-based mechanocomposite

For the first time, organogenesis and physiological characteristics of Fragaria ananassa microclones (cvs. ‘Alpha’ and ‘Solnechnaya polyanka’) under the influence of mechanocomposite (MC) based on rice husks amorphous silica and flavonoids of green tea during the multiplication stage in in vitro conditions were studied. The addition of the MC (0.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 mg·L-1) to the Gamborg- Eveleg’s basal salt medium supplemented with 0.75 mg·L-1 6-benzylaminopurine has shown beneficial action on processes of organogenesis followed by enzymatic, photosynthetic, and hormonal activities of in vitro cultured strawberry plantlets. In both cultivars, the high frequency of proliferation (100 %) and maximum number of axillary shoots increased by 1.8–2.0 times on medium supplemented with 5.0 mg·L-1 MC. The concentrations of 2.5 and 5.0 mg·L-1 MC were optimal for obtaining plantlets with high physiological state in in vitro conditions. The results may be used for the development of production systems for a healthy planting material using biotechnological approaches and recommended for commercial strawberry micropropagation.

Culture medium for mint micropropagation in vitro

The influence of the culture medium composition on the development of explants at the second stage of clonal micropropagation of mint (Mentha canadensis L. K59(4n)) was studied in order to improve the in vitro propagation technique. It was shown that the maximum multiplication rate (11.5) was provided by MS medium supplemented with BAP (1.0 mg/L), IAA (0.5 mg/L) and 2% sucrose.