Using Data-Compressors for Classification Hunting Behavioral Sequences in Rodents as “Ethological Texts”

One of the main problems in comparative studying animal behavior is searching for an adequate mathematical method for evaluating the similarities and differences between behavioral patterns. This study aims to propose a new tool to evaluate ethological differences between species. We developed the new compression-based method for the homogeneity testing and classification to investigate hunting behavior of small mammals. A distinction of this approach is that it belongs to the framework of mathematical statistics and allows one to compare the structural characteristics of any texts in pairwise comparisons. To validate a new method, we compared the hunting behaviors of different species of small mammals as ethological “texts.” To do this, we coded behavioral elements with different letters. We then tested the hypothesis whether the behavioral sequences of different species as “texts” are generated either by a single source or by different ones. Based on association coefficients obtained from pairwise comparisons, we built a new classification of types of hunting behaviors, which brought a unique insight into how particular elements of hunting behavior in rodents changed and evolved. We suggest the compression-based method for homogeneity testing as a relevant tool for behavioral and evolutionary analysis.

PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MORDAN JERUK LEMON (CITRUS LIMON ) DAN ARANG SEBAGAI ADSORBEN TERHADAP HASIL WARNA DAUN PACAR (LAWSONIA INERMIS)

Henna leaves (lawsonia inermis) is one of the natural ingredients used to color the skin. It is used as a natural coloring skin which is not used because people tend to choose instant henna. To optimize the use of henna leaves, the author uses mordan lemon and charcoal adsorbent as a generator for the color of henna leaves. This study aims to see the effect of the use of lemon mordan and charcoal adsorbent toward the result of henna leaves color. This research is using experimental method. The subject of the study is the hand’s skin called palm where the samples were taken from 3 students who were treated by 3 different henna leaves. The result showed that, obtained colors (hue) produced on the coloring of the skin using the leaves of a boyfriend without mordan namely 4 panelists or 66.67% stated apricots, 1 panelist or 16.67% stated Carrot and 1 panelist or 16.67 % declares Ocher. The color of the henna leaves without using mordans, namely apricot orange. The results of the panelist's assessment of coloring using the henna leaves with lemon mordan 5 panelists or 83.33% stated Squash, 1 panelist or 16.67% stated Ginger and the direction of the resulting color is dark orange. While the color result of using henna leaves with lemon mordans and charcoal adsorbent 6 panelists or 100% declared Bronze, color direction resulted was copper orange. It proves that there is an effect of using lemon mordan and charcoal adsorbent on skin coloring using henna leaves. Based on the normality testing that has been done, it is obtained that the data is normally distributed. The homogeneity testing that has been done is obtained that the three data have the same variant (homogeneous). Based on the ANOVA test obtained Fcount of 4.375, while the value of Ftable is 3.34. thus Fcount> Ftable (4.375> 3.34) this proves that the hypothesis that reads there is no difference in the results of dark bright colors (value) on skin coloring using henna leaves without the use of mordan, using mordan lemon, and mordan lemon (citrun) with charcoal adsorbent rejected. For further research it is recommended to examine the effect of using mordan alum on the results of henna leaf color. Keywords: henna, mordant , adsorben

Pengaruh Manajemen terhadap Mutu Pendidikan Sekolah

This research was conducted with the aim of seeking information that there was an influence of management on improving the quality of school education, based on the Education Unit Level Curriculum or abbreviated as the KTSP in 2006. The study was conducted on elementary level education staff (SD / MI and SMP / MTS) and intermediate (SMA / MA and SMK / MAK) who have implemented the curriculum, especially the Jakarta area. The results of the study for the group of education workers who implemented KTSP management had an average of 6.97 and for the group of educators who did not implement the KTSP obtained Lₒ of 0.1204 and for the group of educators not implementing KTSP management it was obtained at 0.1268 while L table for 40educators, a significant level of 0.05 at 0.14 means lₒ <Ltabel. It can be concluded that the population has a normal distribution. The results of the homogeneity research obtained X counts of 0.0053 X² table of 3.84 means that X² counts <x² tables, it can be concluded that both populations have the same variance or homogeneity. Testing the hypothesis by using the t test obtained t count of 2.1483 while the significant level of 0.05 degrees of freedom 78 obtained t table of 1.66 means t count> t table then Hᵃ is accepted so that there is management influence on the quality of school education for educational units implementthe KTSP.

PENGARUH MANAJEMEN TERHADAP MUTU PENDIDIKAN SEKOLAH

This research was conducted with the aim of seeking information that there was an influence of management on improving the quality of school education, based on the Education Unit Level Curriculum or abbreviated as the KTSP in 2006. The study was conducted on elementary level education staff (SD / MI and SMP / MTS) and intermediate (SMA / MA and SMK / MAK) who have implemented the curriculum, especially the Jakarta area. The results of the study for the group of education workers who implemented KTSP management had an average of 6.97 and for the group of educators who did not implement the KTSP obtained Lₒ of 0.1204 and for the group of educators not implementing KTSP management it was obtained at 0.1268 while L table for 40educators, a significant level of 0.05 at 0.14 means lₒ <Ltabel. It can be concluded that the population has a normal distribution. The results of the homogeneity research obtained X counts of 0.0053 X² table of 3.84 means that X² counts <x² tables, it can be concluded that both populations have the same variance or homogeneity. Testing the hypothesis by using the t test obtained t count of 2.1483 while the significant level of 0.05 degrees of freedom 78 obtained t table of 1.66 means t count> t table then Hᵃ is accepted so that there is management influence on the quality of school education for educational units implementthe KTSP.

SIKAP KEMANDIRIAN SISWA DAN KEGIATAN EKSTRAKURIKULER DI SEKOLAH MAN 2 BOJONEGORO

This study aims to prove whether there are differences in independence attitudes possessed by active and non-active students in extracurricular activities. The results of this study are expected to provide useful information relating to the relationship between extracurricular activities and student independence. in addition, the results of this study are expected to be useful as a reference in developing extracurricular activities. The technique used for the normality test in this study was Lilliefors test and homogeneity testing between group A and group B was carried out before treatment was given.