Preparation and Carbonization of Glucose and Pyromellitic Dianhydride Crosslinked Polymers

In this work, four types of nanosponges were prepared from pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and D-glucose (GLU) with different molar ratios (1.5:1, 2:1, 2.5:1 and 3:1). The obtained PMDA/GLU nanosponges were then pyrolyzed at 800 °C for 30 min under N2 gas flow. The prepared polymeric nanosponges were investigated by FTIR spectroscopy, elemental and thermogravimetric analyses to unravel the role played by the different molar ratio of the precursors in the formation of the polymer. The pyrolyzed nanosponges were investigated by means of porosity measurements, X-ray diffraction analysis, Raman spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Notably, no significant correlation of the amounts of used precursors with the porous texture and structure was evidenced. The results corroborate that PMDA and GLU can be easily combined to prepare nanosponges and that the carbon materials produced by their pyrolysis can be associated with glassy carbons with a microporous texture and relatively high surface area. Such hard carbons can be easily obtained and shrewdly used to segregate relatively small molecules and organic contaminants; in this study methylene blue adsorption was investigated.

The use of soy protein isolate in meatballs and its effect on the quality and shelf life of the product

Beef meatballs are in great demand by the public because of their non- porous texture, juicy, and chewy characteristics, as well as their ability to be stable at cooking temperatures with a long shelf life. The use of Isolated Soy Protein (ISP) shapes the character of meatballs because of its functional properties, including good water holding capacity and emulsion stability formation in a mixture of processed meat products. This research aims to technically determine the multiple emulsion properties of ISP at doses of 0%, 2%, 4%, and 8% and obtain a meatball formulation with a long shelf life that suits the target consumer. The tests include the ISP emulsification, meatball peel formation, product stability, Arrhenius shelf life method, and the sensory evaluation of the hedonic test. Subsequently, data were processed in a completely randomized 1x5 and a 4x3 factorial design using SPSS. The emulsification properties of ISP were determined by producing OE (Oil Emulsion) and PG (Purine Gel). Furthermore, ISP was discovered to change the percentage of meat consumed by approximately 2% as the characteristics of meatball products desired by consumers were achieved. The best formulation of meatballs was achieved with 2% dry ISP in the first mixing and was conducted at a boiling point of 65°C

Ru Catalysts Supported on Commercial and Biomass-Derived Activated Carbons for the Transformation of Levulinic Acid into γ-Valerolactone under Mild Conditions

Ru catalysts (1 wt.%) supported on commercial and biomass-derived activated carbons (AC) have been prepared, thoroughly characterized, and used in the hydrogenation of levulinic acid to produce gamma-valerolactone (GVL). This is an important platform compound that plays a key role in the production of liquid fuels and that can also be used, for example, as a food flavoring agent, antifreeze, and solvent. The study focuses on the influence of the carbon support characteristics, such as porous texture and acidity, on the properties and performance (LA conversion and selectivity to GVL) of the catalysts. Catalytic activity tests have been carried out at 170 °C and also in noticeably milder conditions (70 °C) to implement a less energy-demanding process. All the catalysts show high LA conversion and GVL yield at 170 °C, while at 70 °C, important differences between them, related to the support properties, have been found. The catalysts prepared with more acidic supports show better catalytic properties: very good catalytic performance (98% LA conversion and 77% selectivity to GVL) has been obtained in mild temperature conditions.

Corrosion Products Formed on MgZr Alloy Embedded in Geopolymer Used as Conditioning Matrix for Nuclear Waste—A Proposition of Interconnected Processes

Geopolymer has been selected as a hydraulic mineral binder for the immobilization of MgZr fuel cladding coming from the dismantling of French Uranium Natural Graphite Gas reactor dedicated to a geological disposal. In this context, the corrosion processes and the nature of the corrosion products formed on MgZr alloy in a geopolymer matrix with and without the corrosion inhibitor NaF have been determined using a multiscale approach combining in situ Grazing Incidence hard X-ray Diffraction, Raman microspectroscopy, Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopies coupled to Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy. The composition, the morphology, and the porous texture of the corrosion products were characterized, and the effect of the corrosion inhibitor NaF was evidenced. The results highlighted the formation of Mg(OH)2−xFx. In addition, in presence of NaF, NaMgF3 forms leading to a decrease of the thickness and the porosity of the corrosion products layer. Moreover, a precipitation of magnesium silicates within the porosity of the geopolymer was evidenced. Finally, we propose a detailed set of interconnected processes occurring during the MgZr corrosion in the geopolymer.

Hierarcal porous polystyrene-based activated carbon spheres for CO2 capture

Activated carbon spheres with high specific surface area and hierarcal porous texture were prepared from polystyrene-based macroreticular resin spheres by air pre-oxidization and steam activation. The as-prepared carbon spheres had a specific surface area of 1274.95 m2 g− 1, total pore volume of 1.09 cm3 g− 1 and micropore volume of 0.47 cm3 g− 1. Moreover, these carbon spheres showed a hierarcal porous texture composed of ultrafine micropores (0.5-1 nm), micropores (1–2 nm), mesopores (10–50 nm) and macropores (50–100 nm). A CO2 adsorption capacity of 2.82 mmol g− 1 for carbon spheres can be obtained at 30 ℃ and 1 atm. Further, after introducing nitrogen-containing functional groups by gaseous ammonia at 600 ℃, these carbon spheres exhibited a high CO2 adsorption capacity of 3.2 mmol g− 1. In addition, excellent cyclic stability, low hygroscopicity and regenerability temperature suggested these carbon spheres were favorable for CO2 capture.

Characterization of new adsorbent prepared from apricot stones activated carbon mixed with amorphous SiO2 from Algerian diatomite for removal of p-nitroaniline

This work aims to evaluate the adsorption efficiency of p-nitroaniline (PNA) onto apricot stones activated carbon (ASAC) mixed with treated extract of amorphous SiO2 (TEAS), prepared from Algerian diatomite (AD). The best removal percentage (85%) is obtained for a ratio ASAC/TEAS (1/1). Adsorbent characteristics are investigated by the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), the scanning electron microscope (SEM), infrared spectroscopy (IR), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The impregnation of TEAS and ASAC produces good adsorbent properties towards PNA especially in the ratio (1/1) and an increase in the specific surface. The isotherm data are well fitted by the Langmuir and Freundlich models. The maximum PNA uptake obtained is 94.34 mg g-1. The performances of ASAC/TEAS for the PNA adsorption were compared with some adsorbents previously studied for the same purpose, and results show that the composite in the present work exhibit better performances. The adsorption behavior of the concerned material is explained on the basis of its chemical nature and porous texture.

Template-Sacrificing Synthesis of Ni-Co Layered Double Hydroxides Polyhedron as Advanced Anode for Lithium Ions Battery

The novel hollowed Ni-Co layered double hydroxide polyhedron (H-(Ni, Co)-LDHP) is synthesized via a template-sacrificing approach using ZIF-67 as template. The morphology, crystallinity, porous texture, and chemical state of H-(Ni, Co)-LDHP are examined. It demonstrates that the H-(Ni, Co)-LDHP not only provides rich redox sites but also promotes the kinetics due to presence of numerous rational channels. As a result, the H-(Ni, Co)-LDHP manifests the desirable lithium ions storage performance when employed as anode. This study paves a new way for preparing hollowed nanostructure toward advanced electrochemical applications.

UTILIZATION OF POTATO FLOUR IN MAKING PUKIS CAKE. In The 2nd International Conference on Culinary, Fashion, Beauty and Tourism (ICCFBT) 2019 (iccfbt.fpp.unp.ac.id)

This research is motivated by the use of potato flour in food processing is still small. Potato flour has a high enough nutritional value for protein. This study aims to analyze the effect of 50% potato flour substitution on the quality of paint in terms of volume, shape, color, aroma, texture and taste. This type of research is an experiment with three repetitions. To get the results of the study organoleptic tests were carried out by 15 panelists, namely students of the D3 and S1 at culinary department. Organoleptic test results with 3 repetitions showed that the quality of the use of potato starch in the manufacture of paint was volume swell, same and semicircular shape, yellow color, aroma of vanilla and potato starch, porous texture, sweet taste and taste of potato starch.

Variation of Conditions of ZrO2•nH2O Precipitation and Aging as a Method for Controlling the Phase Composition and Texture of ZrO2

The effect exerted by precipitation method, temperature and duration of ZrO2·nH2O aging on the porous texture, phase composition and thermal transformations of ZrO2·nH2O and ZrO2 has been studied. It was found that variation of precipitation method makes it possible to change the specific surface area, volume and mean pore size of ZrO2·nH2O and ZrO2, increase the contribution of mesopores to the pore space of ZrO2·nH2O, and alter the particle size of ZrO2. An increase in the aging temperature of ZrO2·nH2O led to a considerable development of the mesoporous structure, an increase in the specific surface area of ZrO2·nH2O and ZrO2, and a decrease in the ZrO2 particle size. However, the ratio of ZrO2 phases changed non-monotonically with extending the aging time. Selection of precipitation and aging conditions provided a twofold increase in the pore volume of ZrO2 as compared to the sulfated zirconia isomerization catalyst and allowed extending the surface area without the introduction of additional components. The best characteristics of the ZrO2 pore structure – Ssp = 140 m2/g and Vpore = 0.404 cm3/g – are achieved when precipitation is performed at a constant pH and is followed by ZrO2·nH2O aging at 90 °С for 12 h.