Knowledge about evidence based pharmaceutical care in medical and non-medical population of Lahore, Pakistan

Pharmaceutical care related services provided by pharmacists in the community are mainly taking patients' medication history, informing patients about use of medications, informing patients about medication storage, and provide information about drug and/or food interaction. Objective: Toevaluate the knowledge about evidence based pharmaceutical care in medical and non-medicalpopulation of Lahore, Pakistan.Methods: A sample of 100 participants was drawn by using non-convenient sampling in this cross-sectional survey. Survey was conducted within the duration of 6 months from 2nd June, 2020 to 15th December, 2020. Data was collected from participants of different universities, societies and hospitals, having age between 25-40 years, both genders without discrimination of profession. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21.0. Qualitative data was calculated using frequencies and percentages. Results: In this study 63% medical and 37% non-medical participants respond to questionnaire. About 34% of the population had knowledge about pharmaceutical care. Almost 23%had lack of knowledge about pharmaceutical care while 43%participants did not respond.Conclusions:The knowledge about pharmaceutical care in general community is very vital and pharmacist shouldprovide knowledge and pharmaceutical care services to the patients.

An Overview of Spiritual Health and Experts` Viewpoints Concerning the Role of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education in Its Excellence in Community

The spiritual dimension of health is the subject of much controversy; since it is not seen as a purely scientific and quantifiable aspect of health. However, it is exactly this quality of spiritual health that makes the thorough examination of the concept worthwhile. Furthermore, a comprehensive assessment of the theoretical concepts associated with it should be prioritized. The present study is a combination of a literature review followed by a series of expert interviews. First, articles addressing the different aspects of spiritual health were identified and acquired from academic databases. After a thorough assessment and evaluation, the findings were listed and prioritized in order to determine the most important aspects of spiritual health. Then, the most significant features were specified and interpreted. The interpretations were then sent to a group of experts for assessment and evaluation. The expert reviews and comments were then collected and analyzed in order to refine and improve the primary interpretations. The responsibilities of the health sector do not end with the provision and maintenance of the physical aspects of health or even the non-medical population. It includes not only promoting spiritual health in health sector graduates and personnel, but also conducting profound scientific studies, providing documentation, and interpreting the evidence for beneficiaries. However, establishing a new university major to train professionals exclusively for pursuing this objective and even adding new university credits in this field does not seem to be necessary from the point of view of experts and studies. In addition to providing the education necessary for students and personnel of each organization, providing adequate spiritual health and promoting the essential education and related skills are also the responsibilities of the health sector. Instead, it is suggested that an active secretariat be established to oversee the promotion of spiritual health in all sectors using the minimum independent facilities and manpower.

Fine-Tuning Phylogenetic Alignment and Haplogrouping of mtDNA Sequences

In this paper, we present a new algorithm for alignment and haplogroup estimation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences. Based on 26,011 vetted full mitogenome sequences, we refined the 5435 original haplogroup motifs of Phylotree Build 17 without changing the haplogroup nomenclature. We adapted 430 motifs (about 8%) and added 966 motifs for yet undetermined subclades. In summary, this led to an 18% increase of haplogroup defining motifs for full mitogenomes and a 30% increase for the mtDNA control region that is of interest for a variety of scientific disciplines, such as medical, population and forensic genetics. The new algorithm is implemented in the EMPOP mtDNA database and is freely accessible.

A community-based study on the awareness and prevention of hypercholesterolemia in adults

Background: Intake of unhealthy junk food results into long standing health issues and the research in this paper is focused towards analyzing the knowledge of non-medical population about hypercholesterolemia and to upgrade their education concerned with healthy lifestyle modifications and essential safety measures identified with elevated cholesterol levels and related diseases.Methods: It was a prospective pre-and post-education interventional study carried out on 400 non-medical students at PES degree college Bangalore. A self-managed survey was conveyed to participants using a validated questionnaire during their usual college hours. The data analysis was done utilizing Microsoft excel tool.Results: Out of 400 participants in pre-education interventional study awareness about hypercholesterolemia was found excellent in 129 subjects, average in 243 subjects and poor in 28 subjects, where as in post-education interventional study awareness about hypercholesterolemia was found to be excellent in 355 subjects average in 44 subjects and poor in 1 subject.Conclusions: The significant increment was found in the degree of information among the participants. All over the study was an achievement and the objective of the examination was satisfied. Few participants showed lack of interest however spreading awareness and instructing about wellbeing viewpoints can bring the distinction just if the picked-up information is executed in everyday life.

Munchausen Syndrome Presenting with Bleeding per Nose, Ears, Eyes and Mouth1

In 1951, Richard Alan John Asher first reported Munchausen syndrome as a factitious disorder. The essential feature of this disorder is that patients feign physical symptoms to get admission in a hospital. These patients may feign symptoms of disorder of any organ system. Even experienced clinicians are deceived by these symptoms and histories presented by these patients. Usually they know which of the symptoms and diagnoses usually require hospital admission or medication. Because of rarity of this disease and lack of knowledge and awareness even among the physicians, often misdiagnosis occur which results in unnecessary use of medical tests and evaluations. For these reasons this is one of the toughest and challenging diagnoses in any medical set up. We present this rare case of a patient who presented to the department of emergency, ENT and Eye repeatedly with Bleeding per nose, ears, eyes and mouth for 8 months. The patient was successfully treated, initially with psychotropic then psychotherapy with no recurrence. This interesting and rare case is presented to create awareness amongst all specially to medical population about Munchausen syndrome so that they can be diagnosed easily and treated with efficiency as well as misdiagnosis and unnecessary use of medical resources can be avoided. JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 15, No 2 (December) 2019: 237-239