laser doping
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2022 ◽  
Vol 235 ◽  
pp. 111445
Author(s):  
Yuan-Chih Chang ◽  
Sisi Wang ◽  
Rong Deng ◽  
Shaoyuan Li ◽  
Jingjia Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

Author(s):  
Michelle Vaqueiro-Contreras ◽  
Matthew Wright ◽  
Catherine Chan
Keyword(s):  

Author(s):  
Catherine Chan ◽  
Brett Hallam
Keyword(s):  

Author(s):  
Yasutsugu Usami ◽  
Kaname Imokawa ◽  
Ryoichi Nohdomi ◽  
Atsushi Sunahara ◽  
Hakaru Mizoguchi

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2322
Author(s):  
Mohamed Hassan ◽  
Morris Dahlinger ◽  
Jürgen R. Köhler ◽  
Renate Zapf-Gottwick ◽  
Jürgen H. Werner

Laser doping of silicon with the help of precursors is well established in photovoltaics. Upon illumination with the constant or pulsed laser beam, the silicon melts and doping atoms from the doping precursor diffuse into the melted silicon. With the proper laser parameters, after resolidification, the silicon is doped without any lattice defects. Depending on laser energy and on the kind of precursor, the precursor either melts or evaporates during the laser process. For high enough laser energies, even parts of the silicon’s surface evaporate. Here, we present a unified model and simulation program, which considers all these cases. We exemplify our model with experiments and simulations of laser doping from a boron oxide precursor layer. In contrast to previous models, we are able to predict not only the width and depth of the patterns on the deformed silicon surface but also the doping profiles over a wide range of laser energies. In addition, we also show that the diffusion of the boron atoms in the molten Si is boosted by a thermally induced convection in the silicon melt: the Gaussian intensity distribution of the laser beam increases the temperature-gradient-induced surface tension gradient, causing the molten Si to circulate by Marangoni convection. Laser pulse energy densities above H > 2.8 J/cm2 lead not only to evaporation of the precursor, but also to a partial evaporation of the molten silicon. Without considering the evaporation of Si, it is not possible to correctly predict the doping profiles for high laser energies. About 50% of the evaporated materials recondense and resolidify on the wafer surface. The recondensed material from each laser pulse forms a dopant source for the subsequent laser pulses.


2020 ◽  
Vol 217 ◽  
pp. 110717
Author(s):  
Lachlan E. Black ◽  
Marco Ernst ◽  
Roel Theeuwes ◽  
Jimmy Melskens ◽  
Daniel Macdonald ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Junichi Nishizawa ◽  
Volodymyr A. Gnatyuk ◽  
Katsuyuki Takagi ◽  
Akifumi Koike ◽  
Toru Aoki
Keyword(s):  
X Ray ◽  

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 4554
Author(s):  
Jeong Eun Park ◽  
Won Seok Choi ◽  
Jae Joon Jang ◽  
Eun Ji Bae ◽  
Donggun Lim

Laser doping, though able to improve cell characteristics, enables the formation of a selective emitter without the need for additional processing. Its parameters should be investigated to minimize laser defects, such as the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and to obtain a low contact resistance. Herein, the laser fluence and speed were changed to optimize process conditions. Under a laser fluence of 1.77 J/cm2 or more, the surface deteriorated due to the formation of the HAZ during the formation of the laser doping selective emitter (LDSE). The HAZ prevented the formation of the LDSE and impaired cell characteristics. Therefore, the laser speeds were changed from 10 to 70 mm/s. The lowest contact resistivity of 1.8 mΩ·cm2 was obtained under a laser fluence and speed of 1.29 J/cm2 and 10 mm/s, respectively. However, the surface had an irregular structure due to the melting phenomenon, and many by-products were formed. This may have degraded the efficiency due to the increased contact reflectivity. Thus, we obtained the lowest contact resistivity of 3.42 mΩ·cm2, and the damage was minimized under the laser fluence and speed of 1.29 J/cm2 and 40 mm/s, respectively.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 438-443
Author(s):  
Julian Weber ◽  
Elmar Lohmuller ◽  
Simon Gutscher ◽  
Andreas A. Brand
Keyword(s):  

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