On the topic: Typical behavioral disorders and causes and occurrences

The article analyzes typical behavioral disorders - this is hyperactive behavior (due mainly to the neurodynamic characteristics of the child), as well as demonstrative, protest, aggressive, infantile, conformal and symptomatic behavior (in the occurrence of which the determining factors are the conditions of learning and development, the style of relationships with adults, characteristics family education). The author examines the causes of behavior deviations. Key words: behavior, deviance, personality defects, hyperactive behavior. Demonstrative behavior Protestant behavior Aggressive behavior Infantile behavior Conformal behavior Symptomatic behavior

BOLD differences normally attributed to inhibitory control predict symptoms, not task-directed inhibitory control in ADHD

BackgroundAltered brain activity that has been observed in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) while performing cognitive control tasks like the stop signal task (SST), has generally been interpreted as reflecting either weak (under-active) or compensatory (over-active) versions of the same functions as in healthy controls. If so, then regional activities that correlate with the efficiency of inhibitory control (i.e. stop signal reaction time, SSRT) in healthy subjects should also correlate with SSRT in ADHD. Here we test the alternate hypothesis that BOLD differences might instead reflect the redirection of neural processing resources normally used for task-directed inhibitory control, toward actively managing symptomatic behavior. If so, then activities that correlate with SSRT in TD should instead correlate with inattentive and hyperactive symptoms in ADHD.MethodsWe used fMRI in 14 typically developing (TD) and 14 ADHD adolescents performing the SST, and in a replication sample of 14 healthy adults. First we identified significant group BOLD differences during all phases of activity in the SST (i.e. warning, response, reactive inhibition, error detection and post-error slowing). Next, we correlated these phases of activity with SSRT in TD, and with SSRT, inattentive and hyperactive symptom scores in ADHD. We then identified whole brain significant correlations in regions of significant group difference in activity.ResultsOnly three regions of significant group difference were correlated with SSRT in TD and replication groups (left and right inferior frontal gyri (IFG) during error detection, and hypothalamus during post-error slowing). Consistent with regions of altered activity managing symptomatic behavior instead of task-directed behavior, left IFG correlated with greater inattentive score, right IFG correlated with lower hyperactive score, and hypothalamus correlated with greater inattentive score and oppositely correlated with SSRT compared to TD.ConclusionsResults are consistent with stimuli that elicit task-directed integration of neural processing in healthy subjects, instead directing integrated function towards managing symptomatic behavior in ADHD. The ability of the current approach to determine whether altered neural activities reflect comparable functions in ADHD and control groups has broad implications for the development and monitoring of therapeutic interventions.

DEVELOPING SYMPTOMATIC BEHAVIOR SCREENING TOOL (SYMBEST) FOR CHILDREN WITH BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS : A FUZZY DELPHI METHOD

The purpose of this research is to develop a symptomatic behaviour screening tool (SymBest) for early childhood educators to identify children with symptomatic behaviours. The measuring constructs of the screening tool are the child developmental domains with developmental delays as items representing the constructs. Fuzzy Delphi analysis was conducted with 18 participants from diverse backgrounds of clinical and education to gain the expert consensus on the suitability of the constructs and items representing SymBest. The findings showed that the experts have a fair degree of agreement on the constructs and the items suggested to form SymBest. The constructs and items with accepted threshold value, percentage of group consensus and fuzzy score is then organized in sequence priority to form the screening tool.

The Challenges of Mentally Ill Female Offenders in Prison

An increasing number of women offenders arrive in prison with serious mental health problems. Such inmates tend to experience difficulties negotiating the prison environment. They create all sorts of predicaments for other prisoners and instigate crisis situations that present pressing challenges to members of the staff. One prevalent form of symptomatic behavior in women's prisons is that of self-injury, which carries the risk of death or serious impairment. Self-harm should not be the sort of behavior that invites disciplinary dispositions. Mentally ill women also become involved in disproportionate serious rule breaking, including assaultive acts, leading to inappropriate placement in segregation cells, where their difficulties are apt to become exacerbated. To address this problem, special settings can be created to accommodate some chronically disturbed women, but these serve to merely ameliorate a seemingly insoluble dilemma.

Locus of Control as a Predictor of Severity of Weight-Control Strategies in Bulimics

We investigated the relationships between general and specific measures of locus of control with severity of bulimic behavior. Two groups of participants who did and did not fulfil the criteria for bulimia completed measures of symptomatic behavior, internal and external locus of control, health locus of control, and weight locus of control. Results of a comparison revealed no significant differences between the groups. Generalized locus of control was a predictor of frequency of binges but not severity of weight-control strategies or weight fluctuation. The practical implications of and possible reasons for the results are discussed.