Novel Acinetobacter baumannii Bacteriophage Aristophanes Encoding Structural Polysaccharide Deacetylase

Acinetobacter baumannii appears to be one of the most crucial nosocomial pathogens. A possible component of antimicrobial therapy for infections caused by extremely drug-resistant A. baumannii strains may be specific lytic bacteriophages or phage-derived enzymes. In the present study, we observe the biological features, genomic organization, and phage–host interaction strategy of novel virulent bacteriophage Aristophanes isolated on A. baumannii strain having K26 capsular polysaccharide structure. According to phylogenetic analysis phage Aristophanes can be classified as a representative of a new distinct genus of the subfamily Beijerinckvirinae of the family Autographiviridae. This is the first reported A. baumannii phage carrying tailspike deacetylase, which caused O-acetylation of one of the K26 sugar residues.

Earf-YOLO:A Model for Recognizing Zhuang Minority Patterns Based on YOLOv3

With reference to the limitations of YOLOv3 in recognizing symbols on Zhuang pattern, such as slow detection speed, unable to detect small object, and inaccurate positioning of bounding box, we propose a new model: Earf-YOLO (Efficient Attention Receptive Field You only look once) in this paper. In EarF-YOLO, we present an attention module: CBEAM (Convolution Block Efficient Attention Module) at first, which provides feature maps from channel and spatial dimensions. In CBEAM module, a local cross-channel interaction strategy without reducing dimensionality is used to improve the performance of the convolutional neural network. Besides, we put forward the SRFB (Strength Receptive Field Block) structure. During its training, more branch structures will be generated to enrich the feature space of the convolutional block. During its prediction, the multi-branched structures will be reparametrized and fused into one main branch to improve the performance of the model. Finally, we adopt some advanced training techniques to improve the detection performance. Experiments on the dataset of Zhuang patterns and the COCO dataset show that the Earf-YOLO model can effectively reduce the error of the prediction box and the ground-truth box, and decrease the calculation time. The mAP value of this model on the dataset of Zhuang patterns and on the COCO dataset reaches 82.1 (IoU=0.5) and 62.14 (IoU=0.5) respectively.

Swarm Robotic Interactions in an Open and Cluttered Environment: A Survey

Recent population migrations have led to numerous accidents and deaths. Little research has been done to help migrants in their journey. For this reason, a literature review of the latest research conducted in previous years is required to identify new research trends in human-swarm interaction. This article presents a review of techniques that can be used in a robots swarm to find, locate, protect and help migrants in hazardous environment such as militarized zone. The paper presents a swarm interaction taxonomy including a detailed study on the control of swarm with and without interaction. As the interaction mainly occurs in cluttered or crowded environment (with obstacles) the paper discussed the algorithms related to navigation that can be included with an interaction strategy. It focused on comparing algorithms and their advantages and disadvantages.

Interaction in Assistive Robotics: A Radical Constructivist Design Framework

Despite decades of research, muscle-based control of assistive devices (myocontrol) is still unreliable; for instance upper-limb prostheses, each year more and more dexterous and human-like, still provide hardly enough functionality to justify their cost and the effort required to use them. In order to try and close this gap, we propose to shift the goal of myocontrol from guessing intended movements to creating new circular reactions in the constructivist sense defined by Piaget. To this aim, the myocontrol system must be able to acquire new knowledge and forget past one, and knowledge acquisition/forgetting must happen on demand, requested either by the user or by the system itself. We propose a unifying framework based upon Radical Constructivism for the design of such a myocontrol system, including its user interface and user-device interaction strategy.

Assessing Students’ Speaking Skill through Peer Assessment

This paper depicts peer assessment implementation in showing talking expertise in Senior High School understudies. The examination was sorted as enlightening investigation in which the analyst filled in as a functioning spectator. The exploration members in this examination were the primary year understudies and an instructor who applied companion appraisal procedure in the senior secondary school in Sukabumi. The analyst applied a resulting interaction strategy by noticing the homeroom utilizing perception sheet, and taking field notes to see the cycle of execution of friend evaluation. In examining the information, the specialist utilized information decrease, information show, and confirmation. The execution interaction of companion appraisal was appeared by the study hall perception in three stages; pre-execution of friend evaluation, during peer appraisal, and post friend evaluation. The specialist likewise tracked down that the fruitful execution of companion evaluation was a result of the educator's accentuation on offering score to the friends and raising the understudies' inspiration to direct companion appraisal, making them certain to play out the peer assessment measure.

The skill of natural interpreting in a trilingual child

The present work seeks to contribute to the fields of translation and bilingual acquisition focusing on the particular case of natural translation/interpreting of a single Slovak/English/German balanced trilingual child between 0;03 and 8;01 years. Natural interpreting is a strategy used by bilinguals whereby a message expressed in one language (source language = SL) is reproduced in another (target language = TL). Our study is based on two premises: 1. Translation in a bilingual child is an innate skill which can be acquired without formal training and is developed through guidance and practice (Harris, 1978); and 2. Natural interpreting can occur within different combinations of languages. We address the issue of bilingual competence and in particular the relationship that exists between linguistic competence and performance in the process of interpretation activity in the bilingual child. The first aim of the study is to reveal the social-academic context and the main sources of linguistic input, which had an important effect on the speech development of the child. The second aim of the study is to show that a trilingual child was able to become a sophisticated interpreter as she gradually moved through stages of pre-translation, autotranslation and transduction to more complex forms of interpretation (Harris and Sherwood, 1978; Harris, 1976 and 1978). The third aim of the study is to document the types of errors produced by the child and through error analysis and statistical data reveal whether these errors may hinder the communication of accurate meaning in the TL. The translation competence of the bilingual child is analysed via different types of spontaneous, elicited and experimental data gathered from the child’s longitudinal production recorded by the researcher in diary annotations, audio recordings and video recordings. Examples of the child’s interpretations presented in this paper are transcribed in the CHAT format. The results of our study demonstrate that a trilingual child acquiring three languages in a bilingual community with the bilingual-monolingual interaction strategy used by parents at home can become a competent interpreter by the age of 8;01 years and deliver messages quite accurately in the TL regardless of the directionality of interpretation. The results of error analysis show that the type of errors produced by the child in the process of interpretation are mainly morphological and occasionally syntactic or intrusion errors, which do not lead to misinterpretation of the meaning of original message in the TL.

Novel Acinetobacter baumannii Myovirus TaPaz Encoding Two Tailspike Depolymerases: Characterization and Host-Recognition Strategy

Acinetobacter baumannii, one of the most significant nosocomial pathogens, is capable of producing structurally diverse capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) which are the primary receptors for A. baumannii bacteriophages encoding polysaccharide-degrading enzymes. To date, bacterial viruses specifically infecting A. baumannii strains belonging to more than ten various capsular types (K types) were isolated and characterized. In the present study, we investigate the biological properties, genomic organization, and virus–bacterial host interaction strategy of novel myovirus TaPaz isolated on the bacterial lawn of A. baumannii strain with a K47 capsular polysaccharide structure. The phage linear double-stranded DNA genome of 93,703 bp contains 178 open reading frames. Genes encoding two different tailspike depolymerases (TSDs) were identified in the phage genome. Recombinant TSDs were purified and tested against the collection of A. baumannii strains belonging to 56 different K types. One of the TSDs was demonstrated to be a specific glycosidase that cleaves the K47 CPS by the hydrolytic mechanism.