Circularity in Practice: Review of Main Current Approaches and Strategic Propositions for an Efficient Circular Economy of Materials

This paper aims to summarize, propose, and discuss existing or emerging strategies to shift towards a circular economy of materials. To clarify the landscape of existing circular practices, a new spectrum is proposed, from product-based strategies, where entire products go through several life cycles without being reprocessed, to material-based approaches, extracting, recycling, and reprocessing materials from the waste flow. As refillable packaging does not lose any functionality or value, when re-used through many life cycles, product-based strategies are globally extremely efficient and must be promoted. It appears however that their implementation is only possible at the scale of individual products such as packaging containers, relying on the cooperation of involved companies and consumers. It appears more and more urgent to focus as well on a more systematic and flexible material-oriented scheme. The example of circular glass recycling is a success in many countries, and technologies become nowadays available to extend such practices to many other materials, such as rigid plastics. An ideal would be to aim at an economy of materials that would imitate the continuous material cycle of the biosphere. Technological and business strategies are presented and discussed, aiming at a relevant impact on circularity.

Review of the conference «Modern financial legislation as a factor in the development of the digital economy»

The publication provides a brief overview of the main current reports and speeches of leading representatives of science and practice in the field of financial and tax law. Traditionally, the forum held two days of active work of sections on financial law and tax law.

ANALYSIS OF PID CONTROLLER USE ON AUXILIARY WINDING INDUCTION MOTOR WITH FUZZY LOGIC METHOD

Controlling the control of an induction motor with a stable and fast speed is very much needed in the industrial. To get a constant speed and be able to improve the performance of the induction motor, a PID controller circuit is needed. Fuzzy logic method is known to work with a fast response and enough good performance. The value of the motor speed formed with PID control and fuzzy logic, the rotor speed with fuzzy is the same as that without using fuzzy of 1785 rpm with the same overshoot and fuzzy rise time value of 346,605 ms and the value of rise time without fuzzy of 346,111 ms. The results obtained in the Main current without fuzzy of 2.2 A, main current with fuzzy of 2.2 A, aux. Current without fuzzy is 1.6 A, aux. Current with fuzzy 1.9 A, load and elctromag torque without fuzzy no value, load and elctromag torque with fuzzy no value, main voltage without fuzzy 154 V, main voltage with fuzzy 154 V, aux. Voltage without fuzzy 180 V, aux. Voltage with fuzzy is 184 V, rotor speed without fuzzy is 1785 rpm, rotor speed with fuzzy is 1785 rpm.

Current Management of Amblyopia with New Technologies for Binocular Treatment

Amblyopia is the most common cause of monocular poor vision affecting up to 3.7% of the global population. Classically, the first step in treatment has been optical correction, followed by patching and/or pharmacological treatment. However, this is an evolving scenario, since researchers and clinicians are interested in new binocular treatments due to the increasing development of new technologies. In this article main, current binocular treatments as Dig Rush, falling blocks, I-BiT, Occlu-tab, Vivid Vision, and movies are reviewed for binocular amblyopia management.

Trends in the development of international trade in the post-coronavirus economy

The article examines the main current trends in the state and development of in-ternational trade. The purpose of the study is to identify opportunities and re-serves for trade growth. The presented indicators of exports, imports, gross do-mestic product by regions of the world allow drawing conclusions about the prospects for overcoming the global economic crisis. The results of the study are aimed at identifying the main trajectories of international trade in the post-coronavirus period.

Problems of Intertextuality in Audio-Visual Arts

At the present stage, the visualisation process covers all areas of life that come into contact with information and its presentation. Specialists and researchers in the relevant fields of activity are increasingly using the concepts that have been formed on the basis of printed text in the audio-visual arts. Such an example is the use of intertextuality, which is currently one of the promising areas for research on the example of audio and visual material (film, video, music, photography). The aim of the study was to identify the main current problems of the use of intertextuality in the audio-visual arts on the example of the two most common forms – film and music. The main methods used in this work are intertextual analysis, as well as discourse analysis, because for this method the area of interest is the study of discourse changes associated with intertextuality. As a result of the analysis, it was found that one of the problems of intertextuality is the uncertainty and lack of unity in its understanding between the followers of different approaches to the doctrine of intertext; several problems were identified. The authors propose solutions to the identified problems of the theory of intertextuality in the audio-visual arts, which confirms the practical significance of the study.

Relevant Issues of the Judicial Practice in Intellectual Property Protection

Intellectual property is currently one of the key areas of modern civil law relations. In the present article, the authors reviewed and summarized the main current areas of judicial practice in the field of violations related to the exclusive rights to a company name, characters and trademarks.

Space Policy

This chapter explores the concept of space policy and sheds light on its importance in understanding the nature and evolution of space activities and programs. More specifically, this chapter seeks to offer an introduction on how space policy can be defined and understood, followed by an overview of the main current trajectories of space policies of both national actors as well as international and intergovernmental institutions. Finally, this chapter formulates some conclusions regarding the future potential avenues of space policy and describes how these scenarios could impact the future of human activities and behaviour in space.

Analysing the effectiveness of the provisions at European level for guaranteeing equal pay amongst genders

This article aims to briefly understand and evaluate the main current European provisions for equal pay amongst genders. According to the European statistics compiled in 2012, the average differential in pay between the genders was 16% (in favour of men). In light of this statistic, this article critically analyses the provisions effectiveness at European level for guaranteeing equal pay. This research was carried out through a literature review. This is important to demonstrate, explain, and evaluate the current existent literature about this specific theme covered in this article. Furthermore, the literature review gives accuracy and validation to this research. In conclusion, there is a discussion on the challenges faced by European legislation to reduce unequal wages. The main finding relies on the evidence that women still earn less than men, even working at the same job. However, women had an efficient development over discrimination, offering them women effective legislation, although this factor explains only a little part of the pay gap. Keywords: Equal Pay. Human Resources. Employees. Europe. ResumoEste artigo tem como objetivo compreender e avaliar brevemente as principais disposições europeias para com a igualdade de remuneração entre os sexos. Segundo as estatísticas europeias compiladas em 2012, o diferencial médio de remuneração entre os sexos foi de 16% (a favor dos homens). De acordo com este dado, este artigo analisa criticamente a eficácia das disposições em nível europeu para garantir a igualdade de remuneração. Esta pesquisa foi realizada por meio de uma revisão de literatura. Isso é importante para demonstrar, explicar e avaliar a literatura existente sobre esse tema específico abordado neste artigo. Além disso, a revisão de literatura fornece precisão e validação para esta pesquisa. Em conclusão, há uma discussão sobre os desafios enfrentados pela legislação europeia para reduzir a desigualdade salarial. O resultado principal demonstra que as mulheres ainda ganham menos que os homens, mesmo trabalhando no mesmo emprego. No entanto, tiveram um desenvolvimento eficiente para superar a discriminação, oferecendo às mulheres uma legislação eficaz, embora esse fator explique apenas uma pequena parte da desigualdade salarial. Palavras-chave: Igualdade Salarial. Recursos Humanos. Colaboradores. Europa.