Ekspor Sampah Uni Eropa ke Indonesia sebagai Bentuk Eco-Imperialism

Environmental policy has become an important aspect in reviewing environmental issues in international relations. The European Union is a regional institution that has been very active in international environmental cooperation. However, at the same time the European Union is one of the largest waste exporters to countries in Asia, including Indonesia. Waste export is a free trade mechanism that allows developed countries to send waste to developing countries to be processed as industry materials. This then becomes contradictory to the commitment of the European Union in promoting environmentally friendly policies and policies for the export of waste are considered as a form of eco-imperialism. This article discusses how the waste export policy by the European Union has become a form of ecological colonization for Indonesia as a waste recipient. Keywords: waste export; eco-imperialism; environmental policy

ANALYSIS OF THE PERSONNEL’S CONSISTENT READINESS FOR CHANGES AS ILLUSTRATED BY THE EXAMPLE OF AN EXPORT-ORIENTED BIOTECHNOLOGICAL ENTERPRISE

The biotechnology industry is currently one of the most dynamically developing sectors of the pharmaceutical industry, that is why it requires improvement in the personnel management system aimed at increasing the flexibility and adaptability of the organization.The aim of the research is to determine the degree of readiness of the organization’s employees for innovations as illustrated by the example of an export-oriented enterprise.Materials and methods. The source information was collected from the employees of the biotechnological enterprise through a questionnaire survey. The representative sample included 588 respondents. The statistical processing of data was carried out using the specialized software IBM SPSS STATISTICS (IBM, USA, 2017). The consistent readiness of the organization’s employees for innovations was determined using I.O. Zagashev’s methods. To assess the reliability of the psychological test, an internal consistency model with Cronbach’s alpha was applied. Statistical hypotheses were tested by comparing the central tendencies of two independent samples using Student’s t-test and the Mann–Whitney nonparametric test.Results. The distribution results of key motivating factors for personnel showed that motivating factors such as an adequate salary and sustainable employment took the leading positions. However, the assessment of the employees’ consistent readiness for innovations according to I.O. Zagashev’s methods shows a high degree of the personnel’s readiness for changes due to positive emotional perception of any innovations.Conclusion. The results obtained make it possible to arrive at the conclusion that the established team favorably responds to all innovations, and is ready to support them in the future being aware of the organization’s desire for innovations. In the future, the results will be used to determine the required management functions and goals and to develop the personnel management strategy in the context of the knowledge transfer, technology and export policy of the pharmaceutical enterprise.

Introduction: Is Russia’s Role in the International Agri-Food System Sustainable?

This introductory chapter examines the question whether Russia’s increased role in the international agri-food system is sustainable. Russia’s role in the international food trade system has changed from being a food importer to an importer and exporter. The first section discusses several factors that impact food imports: food production; knowledge-based innovation; politicalisation of food trade policy; and population and consumption. The second part examines factors that affect food exports: agri-food export policy; climate change; foreign competition; infrastructure; and regional foreign demand. The final section provides an outlook for the future, concluding that Russia will remain a food importer although the structure of imported commodities and trading partners will continue to evolve. Absent a major climatological disaster or significant economic downturn, we express cautious optimism that Russia will continue as a major food exporter.

STRATEGY TO ACHIEVE MACROECONOMIC STABILITY IN UKRAINE

The comprehensive analysis of domestic economy and it’s actual state undoubtedly confirms its steady transformation into a small, resource-based economy. Its also proves the absence of positive trends related to key factors for ensuring financial sustainability and attaining national security. Special attention is paid to factors in the fiscal sector (an increase in budget revenues based on economic growth as the result of changes in the volume of domestic and foreign trade, due to improvement in the financial results of enterprises and an increase in wages, as well as due to changes in direct tax receipts, and a decrease in the budget deficit); it is also analysed the debt sector (management of Ukraine’s sovereign debt); the detailed attention is given to banking sector (overcoming crisis phenomena in the banking system). Revealing the institutional problems, inefficiency of the public administration system we are justifying the implementation the number of measures in the areas of economic growth recovery, development of the internal market as the basis for sustainable growth, changes in the structure and activation of export policy. The expansion of small farming can be a trigger of the Ukrainian economy’s development. A significant part of the world’s natural resources is located in Ukraine. There is a significant increase in the number of populations worldwide, as well as an increase in soil deficiency suitable for agriculture. Since Ukraine is an agricultural country and most of its lands are suitable for the production of agricultural products – it gives it significant advantages for both self-sufficiency and economic development. Ukraine has always been and remains an agrarian country. Most of its’ lands are suitable for the growing of agricultural products and it gives Ukraine the significant self-sustaining advantages for both exponential growth and supporting of country’s economy. Small farming stays the main factor of the agrarian sector’s development, it supports the economy and helps to sustain the natural resources of Ukraine.

THE POLITICAL-ECONOMY MANAGEMENT: INDONESIA'S NEEDS FOR THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The Covid-19 outbreak continues to spread rapidly to almost all countries in the world. The authors need to highlight how the policy perspectives are taken by Indonesia at the national scale and international relations to improve the economic and political situation during this pandemic. Referring to this phenomenon, this research provides an in-depth study of the literature review on strategic efforts and steps to address commodity demand in Indonesia. In short, from an economic and political point of view, the dual problems on the supply and demand side make the premise of comparative advantage (which is the foundation of a free-market economy and international trade) into doubt about its validity. The classical premise argues that social welfare will be optimal if the state specializes in producing goods which are. Having the lowest opportunity cost according to the availability of production factors and buying other needs in the international market, it seems only valid if the international trade mechanism is not disrupted. Conversely, in conditions of supply and demand shocks, all countries will try to produce all their needs domestically and limit exporting products abroad as much as possible. Key words: national trade, global markets, export policy, import policy, Covid-19

The European Turn in France’s Arms Export

This article analyzes a new trend in the arms export policy of modern France – an increasing share of European countries in the geographical structure of sales. Based on statistics and examples, regional priorities of French export before Emmanuel Macron’s presidency are identified; the reasons for the turn towards Europe at present stage and its possible limits are studied. The author draws attention to the fact that until recently, the Middle East and Asia have been key partners of France, providing two thirds of international demand for the products of French defense industry. However, today their role is declining in favor of the EU countries: Belgium, Romania, Greece, etc., with which Paris has signed a series of major contracts in 2018–2021. This development primarily stems from a difficult foreign policy context forcing the EU members to allocate more funds for defense needs, as well as from temporary difficulties in France’s relations with Middle Eastern clients. The author concludes that the «Europeanization» of sales is likely to continue but it is too early to talk about a full reorientation of French exports towards Europe. A more realistic task Paris de facto solves is to balance its export structure by diversifying the range of customers.

State and prospects of development of the Russian oil and gas complex

The oil and gas complex of Russia is the most important component of the fuel and energy base of the country. The development of the oil and gas complex and the oil and gas industry is interconnected by ensuring the energy security of the state, the development of the oil and gas industry, and the effectiveness of the import and export policy. The study of the oil and gas industry requires systematization of the conceptual apparatus and clarification of key definitions.

ANALYSIS AND ASSESSMENT OF AZERBAIJAN'S EXPORT POTENTIAL IN THE CONTEXT OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITIES

Entrepreneurship is one of the most important factors in the formation and development of a market economy, supporting the domestic market. It can solve social problems along with the solution of an important socio-political task - the formation of the middle class, the strengthening of democracy and social institutions, small business. In modern conditions, the intensification of state regulation and the promotion of the development of entrepreneurship, the organizational forms of interaction of government agencies with private entrepreneurship are changing. During this work, there are significant changes in the goals, mechanisms, management apparatus in the combination of state and market regulatory mechanisms, which is necessary to talk about the importance of the analysis of the structure of activities. In order to accelerate the pace of economic development in Azerbaijan, to apply the improved features of the market economy, the importance of free entrepreneurship, especially innovative entrepreneurship in accordance with the requirements of the time, is very high. Because innovative entrepreneurship allows to increase low production capacity and product quality. The goals and objectives of the research are to study the specifics of the activities of small and medium-sized businesses in Azerbaijan, to identify their origin, principles of operation, and their specific features. It is also the subject of research to determine the main directions of export activities of business entities and their impact on foreign economic activity, the volume of import-export operations and trade turnover of the country. Keywords: entrepreneurship activity, Azerbaijan’s export policy, economic development, SME, market economy,

Capitalising on Nepal’s Soft Power Heritage in the 21st Century

As Nepal forges ahead in the 21st century, linked to two Asian powers by thousands of years of shared cultures and histories, it is time for Nepal to capitalise on its heritage and look to the future. Nepal must claim and revitalise our shared histories of Hinduism and Buddhism, and create a soft power potential that emphasises traditional religious practices, natural and cultural heritage, and sustainability in a time of climate change. The paper argues that Nepal should anchor itself in the past - invoking the idea of a shared civilisation - and look to the future. The potential of religious and cultural tourism must be fully realised while being sustainable. Private sector entrepreneurship in culture must be encouraged, especially as culture itself - or the many cultures within Nepal - must be thought of as a tool to emphasise Nepal’s soft power. Nepal stands to lose US$ 460 million in the tourism sector alone due to the Covid-19 pandemic and it must diversify its tourism offerings if a recovery is desired. Building on a study of historical literature and contemporary trends in filmmaking, brand marketing and perception building, this paper argues that Nepal must invest in its culture and heritage to build an export policy around geographical indications (GIs), establish a new film production template, making it easier for foreign filmmaking companies to come to Nepal, and finally, reinvent its tourism policy in a world ravaged by the Covid-19 pandemic.