Prevalence of Phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) Taste Sensitivity and Colour Blindness in Tengger Tribe Population, Ranupani Village, Senduro, Lumajang

The taste of sensitivity of phenylthiocarbamide (PTC), is autosomal dominant trait inherited while the colour blindness is a sex linked genetic trait on the X chromosome. The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution of taster and non taster phenotypes, prevalence of color blindness, frequency of taster and non taster alleles, and frequency of color blind alleles, as well as pedigree analysis in non taster and color blind families. The research was conducted on the Tengger tribe, in Ranupani village, Senduro, Lumajang. Determination of the sample is carryout randomly. Detection of the ability to taste PTC was respondents to taste the PTC solution from the lowest concentration of 0.32mg/L (P13) to the highest concentration of 1300 mg/L (P1). Color blindness detection by the Ishihara method. The results of the study showed that the distribution of the taster was 98.1% while the non-taster was 1.9%. The allele frequency of the dominant taster (T) was 0.86 and the recessive allele non taster (t) is 0.14. The prevalence of color blindness in the population of the Tengger tribe was 0.63% and the allele frequency for color blindness was 0.013. The pedigree analysis of non taster family showed that non taster individuals were born from taster couple (Tt) or from couple of non taster (tt) with tasters (Tt) heterozigot. While the pattern of inheritance of color blindness was criss-cross inheritance pattern, which is passed from mother to son.

School Segregation in the Era of Color-Blind Jurisprudence and School Choice

The decades-long resistance to federally imposed school desegregation entered a new phase at the turn of the new century. At that time, federal courts stopped pushing racial balance as a remedy for past segregation and adopted in its place a color-blind approach to evaluating school district assignment plans. Using data that span 1998 to 2016 from North Carolina, one of the first states to come under this color-blind dictum, we examine the ways in which households and policymakers took actions that had the effect of reducing the amount of interracial contact in K-12 schools within counties. We divide these reductions in interracial contact into portions due to the private school and charter school sectors, the existence of multiple school districts, and racial disparities between schools within districts and sectors. For most counties, the last of these proves to be the biggest, though in some counties private schools, charter schools, or multiple districts played a deciding role. In addition, we decompose segregation in the state's 13 metropolitan areas, finding that more than half can be attributed to racial disparities inside school districts. We also measure segregation by economic status, finding that it, like racial segregation, increased in the largest urban counties, but elsewhere changed little over the period.

Mobile Game “Color in Life” Development for Dichromatism Color Blind

The purpose of this research was to escalate players’ knowledge on color blindness by designing an educational video game which design was oriented to dichromatism color blind. The topic selection was based on the lack of players’ deeper knowledge on color blindness. The graphic and gameplay selection on this research was adjusted to the chosen color blind category. Research methods were conducted by analysis, development, and evaluation. Analysis was done by questionnaire. Development was done by game design document, UML, storyboard, and was implemented using Unity. Evaluation on 35 players, which are 32 with normal eyes and 3 with color blindness, was done by two approaches, which are t-test and questionnaire. The result of t-test was t(34) = -7.704, p < 0.05 and Enjoyment score on CEGE is 0.763 for normal eyes and 0.651 for colorblind. To conclude, there was an improvement on knowledge from the video game and the design was enjoyable.

Color Blind Test Using Ishihara Method for Mercu Buana University Prospective Students Selection

Mercu Buana University is a private university which consists of seven faculties. At the Faculty of Design and Creative Arts, Faculty of Communication Sciences and Faculty of Engineering, additional requirements are required for new student candidates, i.e. a color blindness free certificate. Color blindness is a vision disorder caused by the inability of the eye cone cells to perceive a certain spectrum of colors. There are many ways to test someone's color blindness, one of which is by using the Ishihara method. To obtain a color blindness free certificate, prospective students must visit a clinic or hospital, carry out the applicable color blind test procedure, then bring the results to campus. Based on these problems, the research was conducted with the aim of making a color blind test application that can issue a recommendation letter based on the test results of prospective new students. The system development method uses System Development Life Cycle. The results of the study were an android-based color blind test application that was able to detect color blindness using the Ishihara method and issued a recommendation letter based on the test results of prospective new students in the on-time application.

Narrating the Territorial Foundations of Privilege: Racial Discourse and Indigenous Peoples

This article focuses on the cultural narratives underlying U.S. society’s racialized inequalities. Informed by settler colonial theory and Charles Tilly’s work on “durable inequality,” I outline a privilege narratives framework that centers the dual mechanisms of racial dispossession that construct white supremacy’s material foundations: (1) the exploitation of non-Indigenous bodies and (2) the opportunity hoarding of Indigenous resources. I argue that these complementary, yet divergent, mechanisms shape distinctive patterns in contemporary racial discourse. In contrast to color-blind racism’s ahistoric and spatially disembedded storylines, the hoarding of Indigenous resources requires narrations that historically legitimate the dominant culture’s territoriality. Thus, in comparison with other racialized groups, racial discourse surrounding Indigenous peoples remains rooted in the defense of the territorial foundations of white property. Empirical support for the theoretical framework is provided through a sample of purposive follow-up interviews of non-Indigenous bystanders with historical connections to the American Indian Movement’s (AIM) “Red Power” activism in the 1970s.