Thermo Acoustic Study of Salicylaldehyde in Carbon Tetra Chloride at 303.15K, 308.15K, 313.15K

Thermo-acoustic study in binary mixture of salicylaldehyde and carbon tetra chloride were reported at 303.15K, 308.15K, 313.15K. The molecular interaction have been carried out by computing various thermo acoustical parameters i.e. Intermolecular free length (Lf), Specific acoustic Impedance (Z), Molar Volume (Vm), Available Volume (Va), Isentropic compressibility (S) and other constant and the excess value of foresaid parameters have been evaluated by using ultrasonic velocity, density, viscosity data, the results of these parameters conclude the strength of molecular interaction. Keywords: Excess values of Salicylaldehyde, Acoustic Parameters, Molecular Interaction.

A prototype device of microliter volume voltammetric pH sensor based on carbazole–quinone redox-probe tethered MWCNT modified three-in-one screen-printed electrode

As an alternate for the conventional glass-based pH sensor which is associated with problems like fragile nature, alkaline error, and potential drift, the development of a new redox-sensitive pH probe-modified electrode that could show potential, current-drift and surface-fouling free voltammetric pH sensing is a demanding research interest, recently. Herein, we report a substituted carbazole-quinone (Car-HQ) based new redox-active pH-sensitive probe that contains benzyl and bromo-substituents, immobilized multiwalled carbon nanotube modified glassy carbon (GCE/MWCNT@Car-HQ) and screen-printed three-in-one (SPE/MWCNT@Car-HQ) electrodes for selective, surface-fouling free pH sensor application. This new system showed a well-defined surface-confined redox peak at an apparent standard electrode potential, Eo′ = − 0.160 V versus Ag/AgCl with surface-excess value, Γ = 47 n mol cm−2 in pH 7 phosphate buffer solution. When tested with various electroactive chemicals and biochemicals such as cysteine, hydrazine, NADH, uric acid, and ascorbic acid, MWCNT@Car-HQ showed an unaltered redox-peak potential and current values without mediated oxidation/reduction behavior unlike the conventional hydroquinone, anthraquinone and other redox mediators based voltammetry sensors with serious electrocatalytic effects and in turn potential and current drifts. A strong π–π interaction, nitrogen-atom assisted surface orientation and C–C bond formation on the graphitic structure of MWCNT are the plausible reasons for stable and selective voltammetric pH sensing application of MWCNT@Car-HQ system. Using a programed/in-built three-in-one screen printed compatible potentiostat system, voltammetric pH sensing of 3 μL sample of urine, saliva, and orange juice samples with pH values comparable to that of milliliter volume-based pH-glass electrode measurements has been demonstrated.

Capacity of entanglement in local operators

We study the time evolution of the excess value of capacity of entanglement between a locally excited state and ground state in free, massless fermionic theory and free Yang-Mills theory in four spacetime dimensions. Capacity has non-trivial time evolution and is sensitive to the partial entanglement structure, and shows a universal peak at early times. We define a quantity, the normalized “Page time”, which measures the timescale when capacity reaches its peak. This quantity turns out to be a characteristic property of the inserted operator. This firmly establishes capacity as a valuable measure of entanglement structure of an operator, especially at early times similar in spirit to the Rényi entropies at late times. Interestingly, the time evolution of capacity closely resembles its evolution in microcanonical and canonical ensemble of the replica wormhole model in the context of the black hole information paradox.

THE EFFECT OF DIVERSIFICATION LEVEL, NUMBER OF SEGMENTS, AND INDUSTRY SECTOR TYPE ON COMPANY PERFORMANCE

The high competition in the business world with many competitors has forced the company to develop its business, one of them by diversification. This study aims to investigate the influence of diversification level, the number of segments, and type of industrial sector on firm performance measured by the excess value. The theory underlying this research is agency theory, which describes the relationship between the company owners with the company management. The number samples of this study are 333 companies from the miscellaneous industry sector, consumer goods sector, and basic industry and chemicals sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange throughout 2017 – 2018. The results showed that data can be pooled for 3 years, all classic assumption tests are fulfilled, and partial regression coefficient test found that variable diversification level and the variable number of segments > 0.05, then H01 and H02 rejected, while the type of miscellaneous industry sector and type of consumer goods sector <0.05, then H03 and H04 received. The conclusion showed that variable diversification level and number of segments has not sufficient evidence of a negative effect on excess value, while the type of miscellaneous industry sector and type of consumer goods sector sufficient evidence of a negative effect on excess value.

CONCOMITANT OF INSIDE-SHAREHOLDING, GROUP AFFILIATION AND FIRM VALUE: EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTAN

The present study inspects the comparative effects of inside shareholding on firm value for group-affiliated firms and non-group-affiliated firms in Pakistan. The research uses the excess-value as a performance measure by employing a chop-shop approach in treatment effects regression model (TERM). The results reveal that lower level and higher level inside shareholding negatively associated with firms’ value. However, it positively relates at a moderate level. Also, inside shareholding-value relationship differs significantly for group-affiliated firms and non-group-affiliated firms. Firms with inside shareholding at lower level appear to more visible in business groups, and these firms show adverse firms’ value consistent with divergence of interest effect. Nevertheless, inside ownership firms at a higher level, namely standalone firms, negatively affect firm value with entrenchment effect. The findings also confirm non-linearity in inside shareholding-firm value relationships.

Toward Quantifiable Evidence of Excess' Value Using Personal Gaming Desktops

Complex systems operating beyond their expected life or usage can yield scenarios where the current requirements that must be met were “unknown” at the time of their original design. Such “unknown” requirements might be outside the probability distribution expected during the design phase or, more drastically, might not have been predicted. Engineering design researchers have begun exploring how incorporating strategic inefficiencies - in the form of margins - might increase a system's total lifetime value by reducing sensitivity to requirement changes and truncating change propagation. Studying excess, margin beyond what is required for known uncertainties, in a quantitative manner has been particularly challenging as information is needed about how requirements change, how system performance is impacted by requirement changes, and how components are priced. A quantitative study around excess using 20 years of data for desktop computers, video game consoles, and video games is developed. Evidence is provided showing that excess can improve end-user system value when future requirements are unknown. This paper also advances the notion of strategic excess (excess incorporated in a single component), showing as one example that excess RAM would have improved system performance by 14% (on average) for 7% of total system cost. In demonstrating the value of excess, we strengthen the argument that engineers (and end-users) should embrace strategic inefficiencies by considering the implications of their decisions about system architecture and module interfaces.

Accounting information as the basis for strategic management of agricultural enterprises

A key place in economic theory belongs to learning about the position of immediate creators, i.e. producers of goods in every socio-economic formation. This position and all relations in production and society depend significantly on the historical form of production of excess work and the way of appropriating excess work. Therefore, for analysis of the modern way of commodity agroproduction, it is necessary to dispose of information that is the basis for decision-making at the strategic level. This type of information is characterized by the accounting information system as one of the main sources of business information. For the subject of this work, we will take the modern way of agroproduction and creation of excess value, which in recent times, especially after the global economic crisis, is gaining increasing significance in both economic theory and economic reality.

Quantitative Analysis of the Sub-Cloud Evaporation of Atmospheric Precipitation and Its Controlling Factors Calculated By D-Excess in an Inland River Basin of China

Atmospheric precipitation is an important part of the water circle in an inland basin. Based on the analytical results of 149 precipitation samples and corresponding surface meteorological data collected at four sampling sites (Lenglong, Ningchang, Huajian and Xiying) at different elevations in the Xiying river basin on the north slope of Qilian Mountains from May to September 2017, the sub-cloud evaporation in precipitation and its controlling factors are analyzed by the Stewart model. The results show that sub-cloud evaporation led to d-excess value in precipitation decrease and d-excess variation from cloud-base to near surface (Δd) increase with decreasing altitude. The remaining evaporation fraction of raindrop (f) decreases with decreasing altitude. The difference of underlying surface led to a difference change of f and Δd in the Xiying sampling site. For every 1% increase in raindrop evaporation, d-excess value in precipitation decreased by about 0.99‰. In an environment of high relative humidity and low temperature, the slope of the linear relationship between f and Δd is less than 0.99. In contrast, in the environment of low relative humidity and high temperature, the slope is higher than 0.99. In this study, set constant raindrop diameter may affect the calculation accuracy. The Stewart model could have different parameter requirements in different study areas. This research is helpful to understand water cycle and land–atmosphere interactions in Qilian Mountains.

Rural–urban scaling of age, mortality, crime and property reveals a loss of expected self-similar behaviour

The urban scaling hypothesis has improved our understanding of cities; however, rural areas have been neglected. We investigated rural–urban population density scaling in England and Wales using 67 indicators of crime, mortality, property, and age. Most indicators exhibited segmented scaling about a median critical density of 27 people per hectare. Above the critical density, urban regions preferentially attract young adults (25–40 years) and lose older people (> 45 years). Density scale adjusted metrics (DSAMs) were analysed using hierarchical clustering, networks, and self-organizing maps (SOMs) revealing regional differences and an inverse relationship between excess value of property transactions and a range of preventable mortality (e.g. diabetes, suicide, lung cancer). The most striking finding is that age demographics break the expected self-similarity underlying the urban scaling hypothesis. Urban dynamism is fuelled by preferential attraction of young adults and not a fundamental property of total urban population.