Synergistic Activity of Phenolic Compounds of Some Plants Against Bacteria

Medicinal plants produce great groups of secondary metabolites which are essential for medicine purpose, one of them phenolic compounds, antimicrobial activity of phenolic compounds which derivative from plants has been examined for several years. The phenolic extracts of Sesamum indicum and Pimpinella anisum seeds have antibacterial action against Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli), (Acinetobacter baumannii), and (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) (Proteus mirabilis). The current findings show that the synergistic impact of phenolic extracts from S. indicum and P. anisum is active against a variety of pathogenic bacteria, and that the synergistic effect for two plants is more antibacterial than phenolic extracts from one plant. The results indicated Gram- negative (P. aeruginosa) more effected by plants, than Gram-negative (S. aureus) which have the lower effects. The results of HPLC indicated Sesame (S. indicum) have total concentration of phenolic compounds was (1313.7 µg/ml) higher than total concentration of phenolic compounds of Anise (P. anisum) (220.991 µg/ml), and have varied types of phenolic compounds were Pyrogallol, Gallic acid, Rutin, Kaempferol, Cinnamaldehyde, Qurctin, Eugenol, Lignan with different concentration. From this study may be conclusion Synergistic effect for two plants have more antibacterial than phenolic extracts of one plant, and Sesame (S. indicum) have higher antimicrobial activity than Anise (P. anisum).

Extraction of phenolic compounds from Iraqi Coriandrum Sativum L. and loaded on copolymeric hydrogels and examine there as drug delivery system and antioxidant

The phenolic extracts for leaves and stems (L+S) parts and leaves (L) part of Iraqi Coriandrum Sativum L. and their total phenols, total tannins and total flavonoids are described. Three copolymeric hydrogels prepared and loaded with phenolic extract 4 (U1-U3). The HPLC results show three phenolic compounds, while the GC-Mass results show one phenolic compound and four non-phenolic compounds. Gained results showed that there are significant (P < 0.05) variations in total phenols (9.822 ± 0.634−4.015 ± 0.118 mg GAE/g DW), total flavonoids (8.112 ± 0.115−2.811 ± 0.371 mg QE/g DW) and total condensed tannin (4.245 ± 0.276−1.135 ± 0.091 mg QE/g DW) contents for all phenolic extracts. The swelling rate for (U1-U3) in distilled water, the SGF, and the SIF was estimated. The maximum swelling was observed in copolymeric hydrogels at pH 6.9 in distilled water. The IC50 values of radical scavenging activity of the phenolic extracts 4, 8 and phenolic extract 4 released from copolymeric hydrogels (U1-U3) show varied significantly (P < 0.05). Our results indicated that Iraqi Coriandrum Sativum L. could constitute a rich and novel source of natural antioxidants. When it loaded on, copolymeric hydrogels could be used as a drug delivery system.

Chemical Composition, Anti-Quorum Sensing, Enzyme Inhibitory, and Antioxidant Properties of Phenolic Extracts of Clinopodium nepeta L. Kuntze

Phenolic extracts of Clinopodium nepeta were prepared and their preliminary phenolic profiles determined using HPLC-DAD with 26 phenolic standards. Apigenin (21.75 ± 0.41 µg/g), myricetin (72.58 ± 0.57 µg/g), and rosmarinic acid (88.51 ± 0.55 µg/g) were the most abundant compounds in DCM (dichloromethane), AcOEt (ethyl acetate), and BuOH (butanol) extracts, respectively. The DCM and AcOEt extracts inhibited quorum-sensing mediated violacein production by C. violaceum CV12472. Anti-quorum-sensing zones on C. violaceum CV026 at MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration) were 10.3 ± 0.8 mm for DCM extract and 12.0 ± 0.5 mm for AcOEt extract. Extracts showed concentration-dependent inhibition of swarming motility on flagellated P. aeruginosa PA01 and at the highest test concentration of 100 μg/mL, AcOEt (35.42 ± 1.00%) extract displayed the best activity. FRAP assay indicated that the BuOH extract (A0.50 = 17.42 ± 0.25 µg/mL) was more active than standard α-tocopherol (A0.50 = 34.93 ± 2.38 µg/mL). BuOH extract was more active than other extracts except in the ABTS●+, where the DCM extract was most active. This antioxidant activity could be attributed to the phenolic compounds detected. C. nepeta extracts showed moderate inhibition on acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), tyrosinase, and α-amylase. The results indicate that C. nepeta is a potent source of natural antioxidants that could be used in managing microbial resistance and Alzheimer′s disease.

Exploiting Food-Grade Mesoporous Silica to Preserve the Antioxidant Properties of Fresh Olive Mill Wastewaters Phenolic Extracts

Fresh olive mill wastewaters phenolic extracts are of great interest as preservatives or fortifying ingredients but are characterized by limited stability. The purpose of this study was to use mesoporous silica to enhance their stability and preserve their antioxidant properties. The phenolic extracts were characterized for their composition by HPLC-DAD and included in a mesoporous matrix with or without a lipid coating. The inclusion complexes were characterized in terms of total phenolic content, radical scavenging capacity and in vitro antioxidative activity and cell compatibility. Besides, inclusion complex stability under different storage conditions (22 and 37 °C, 75% relative humidity, 1 month) was evaluated. The inclusion process was nearly quantitative and modified neither the total phenolic content nor the total antioxidant capacity. None of the inclusion complex concentrations assayed on the HT29 cell line showed toxicity. Moreover, HT29 cells treated with the inclusion complex exhibited a significant antioxidant effect, while the lipid coating impaired the antioxidant activity. The complexes without lipid were stable under all the investigated conditions, while the lipid-coated products were less stable under the more drastic conditions. Overall, inclusion complexes in mesoporous silica have suitable characteristics to be used for different applications, including food supplementation.