Stating Failure Modelling Limitations of High Strength Sheets: Implications to Sheet Metal Forming

This article discusses the fracture modelling accuracy of strain-driven ductile fracture models when introducing damage of high strength sheet steel. Numerical modelling of well-known fracture mechanical tests was conducted using a failure and damage model to control damage and fracture evolution. A thorough validation of the simulation results was conducted against results from laboratory testing. Such validations show that the damage and failure model is suited for modelling of material failure and fracture evolution of specimens without damage. However, pre-damaged specimens show less correlation as the damage and failure model over-predicts the displacement at crack initiation with an average of 28%. Consequently, the results in this article show the need for an extension of the damage and failure model that accounts for the fracture mechanisms at the crack tip. Such extension would aid in the improvement of fracture mechanical testing procedures and the modelling of high strength sheet metal manufacturing, as several sheet manufacturing processes are defined by material fracture.

Numerical Algorithms for Simulation of a Fluid-Filed Fracture Evolution in a Poroelastic Medium

The paper deals with the computational framework for the numerical simulation of the three dimensional fluid-filled fracture evolution in a poroelastic medium. The model consists of several groups of equations including the Biot poroelastic model to describe a bulk medium behavior, Reynold’s lubrication equations to describe a flow inside fracture and corresponding bulk/fracture interface conditions. The geometric model of the fracture assumes that it is described as an arbitrary sufficiently smooth surface with a boundary. Main attention is paid to describing numerical algorithms for particular problems (poroelasticity, fracture fluid flow, fracture evolution) as well as an algorithm for the coupled problem solution. An implicit fracture mid-surface representation approach based on the closest point projection operator is a particular feature of the proposed algorithms. Such a representation is used to describe the fracture mid-surface in the poroelastic solver, Reynold’s lubrication equation solver and for simulation of fracture evolutions. The poroelastic solver is based on a special variant of X-FEM algorithms, which uses the closest point representation of the fracture. To solve Reynold’s lubrication equations, which model the fluid flow in fracture, a finite element version of the closet point projection method for PDEs surface is used. As a result, the algorithm for the coupled problem is purely Eulerian and uses the same finite element mesh to solve equations defined in the bulk and on the fracture mid-surface. Finally, we present results of the numerical simulations which demonstrate possibilities of the proposed numerical techniques, in particular, a problem in a media with a heterogeneous distribution of transport, elastic and toughness properties.

Characteristics of Overburden Failure and Fracture Evolution in Shallow Buried Working Face with Large Mining Height

In order to solve the issues of uncertain overburden failure height and water loss at the Daliuta coal mine, the collapse characteristics of overburden and the development height of water-conducting fractured zone were studied by using physical modeling, FLAC 3D numerical simulation, and field observation, which were used to verify each other. In order to quantitatively analyze the distribution characteristics of fracture rate of overlying rock mass in goaf, the overburden collapse image was binarized. The results showed that: (1) the failure characteristics of overburden in goaf obtained by the three research methods were roughly consistent, and the reliability of the results was high. The overburden failure height of No. 5−2 coal with large mining height was 137.32–153 m, which was 20.8–23.2 times the mining height. (2) The repeated mining of No. 5−2 coal intensified the further failure of the disturbed rock mass in the No. 2−2 coal goaf. (3) In the horizontal direction of the goaf, the fracture rate of rock mass was distributed in the shape of “saddle”. In the longitudinal direction of the goaf, the rock mass fracture rate decreased in a logarithmic function with the increase of the height from the mining coal seam. Overall, the conclusions are of engineering significance for accurately adopting water resources protection mining technology and reducing mine water inrush disasters.

Numerical Simulation and Field Measurement Analysis of Fracture Evolution and Seepage Response of Key Aquiclude Strata in Backfill Mining

Solid waste backfill mining can effectively deal with gangue and other mining wastes, as well as control the movement and damage of rock strata. In this paper, the RFPA2D rock failure process analysis software is used to study the fracture evolution and seepage response mechanism of the key aquiclude strata (KAS) under the conditions of different structural characteristics, interlayer rock thickness, and backfilling ratios in backfill mining. The simulation results show that, in backfill mining, soft rock plays a crucial role in the fracture repair of KAS with different structural characteristics. An increase in the KAS thickness from 15 to 35 m is shown to results in a continuously improved repair of KAS fractures. At the advancing distance of the working face of 50~100 m and the KAS thickness of 35 m, the minimum vertical seepage velocity of 0.06 ‐ 0.78 × 10 − 2 m / s is reached. An increase in the backfilling ratio from 45 to 80% improves the control effect on the overlying strata. A case study of backfill mining in the Wugou Coal Mine located in the Anhui Province of China was conducted. At the goaf backfilling ratio of 80%, the composite KAS’s good control effect was achieved, which minimized seepage and avoided the water in rush phenomena. The above engineering application ensured the safe backfill mining of coal resources.

Fracture Evolution Between Blasting Roof Cutting Holes in a Mining Stress Environment

Blasting roof cutting and pressure relief is an effective technical way to solve the problem of thick and hard roof. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to carry out research on the evolution of cracks between the cut holes of the blasting roof. The univariate comparative analysis method is used to analyze the evolution law of the fissures between the cuts under different factors. Furthermore, it is concluded that the broken zone and fissure zone of the surrounding rock of the single-hole blasting hole wall are symmetrically distributed in the confining pressure environment, and the fissure zone and the surrounding rock fissure zone between the holes show an "X"-shaped continuous ev olution. By analyzing the evolution law of cracks between blasting holes, the critical discriminant equation of penetration between blasting holes under mining stress environment is given, which is used to optimize the technical plan of blasting roof cutting. Engineering practice shows that the blasting roof cutting scheme has achieved a good seam effect, creating good initial conditions for the cutting of thick and hard roofs.

Rock Damage and Aquifer Property Estimation from Water Level Fluctuations in Wells Induced by Seismic Waves: A Case Study in X10 Well, Xinjiang, China

There is a coupling relationship between surrounding rock stress, deformation, and fracture evolution, especially in the microdynamics of the crust caused by mining activities and earthquakes. Previous research has investigated many cases regarding the coseismal water level responses and proposed a method to calculate the aquifer parameters by tidal analysis. However, to date, measurement of the degree of rock damage in the field has not been reported. Quantifying the fracture characteristics is essential for accurate evaluation of rock stability. This study has analyzed the relationship between the seismograms and hydroseismograms in response to the Mw 7.8 Solomon Islands earthquake and the Mw 7.8 Kaikōura earthquake, both events occurring in 2016. The calculated and measured changes in water level in the X10 well were fitted in order to study the relationships among the volumetric strain, the deviatoric strain, and the oscillations in the pore pressure. Then, we further estimate the degree of rock damage and the hydraulic characteristics of the aquifer. The results showed that the values for the rock damage parameter, 0.662 < αD < 0.754, and the Skempton coefficient, −0.100 < A < 0.026, estimated for the Solomon Islands earthquake signified higher damage and dilatancy in the X10 well. Also, the respective values for the parameters, 0.293 < αD < 0.363 and 0.226 < A < 0.251, calculated for the Kaikōura earthquake signified a lower degree of rock damage. It is concluded that the changes in the pore pressure were influenced by both the volumetric strain and the deviatoric strain. The degree of rock damage and the hydraulic properties of the aquifer estimated from the water level fluctuations in the wells which were induced by the seismic waves represent the actual aquifer characteristics.