AN ANALYSIS OF INTENTION TO DO ECOTOURISM IN THE NEW NORM: A COMPARATIVE STRUCTURAL MODEL BETWEEN MALAYSIA AND INDONESIA

Tourism contributes to the growth of economy of a nation through employment, the multiplier effect, and foreign exchange earnings. It also contributes towards a positive balance of payments. Eco-tourism is the natural evolution of tourism that cares for the environment, culture and local traditions, while promoting environmental education. The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has had a significant negative effect on the tourism industry in almost all countries in Asia including Malaysia and Indonesia, therefore an analysis of the intention to undertake eco-tourism in the new norm of the post pandemic period is the basis for consideration of this research paper in a bid to turnaround the tourism industry.

Impact of Terrorism on KSE 100: Evidence from Karachi

Terrorism is a critical issue throughout the world. In Pakistan, terrorism is one of the major obstacle in the growth of economy. The purpose of the study is to analyze the impact of terrorism in Karachi on the performance of KSE 100. Overall 27 big terrorist activities are considered in four years, ranging from 2011 to 2014. The performance of Karachi stock exchange is measured from the return of KSE 100 index. Moreover, the performance of KSE 100 index against terrorism in Karachi are analyzed through event study methodology and t-test. The result of the study shows that terrorism in Karachi has no significant impact on Karachi stock exchange 100 in all estimation windows. There is a little impact of some pre-event days on post-event days. But overall there is no significant result of terrorism in Karachi on KSE 100. The result highlights that the intensity of terrorist events is an important contributor in signifying the impact of terrorist events on KSE 100 index.

AI Based Motor Vehicles Detection and Tracking System Using Smartphone Application

Information technology (IT) is one of the most emerging field that is a very important role in every field of today’s world. Nowadays it is involved almost in every field including medical science, engineering, transportation etc. IT based techniques have enhanced the capabilities of different applications like road optimization, detection, recognition, tracking etc. these techniques have made things smarter and more qualitative. Transportation is one of the most growing and important, that is play a significant role to grow the economy. Todays the most occurring problems or issues are steal of motor vehicles, vehicle smuggling and the use of unauthorized motor vehicles which have a direct effect of the of the growth of economy. Keeping these issues in mind the current developed system has been carried out to overcome these problems. The present system is divided in 3 categories, the desktop application to detect those unauthorized motor vehicles, a smart phone application to track down those motor vehicles using GPS technology and GPS module used to gives us the current position of the motor vehicle and update it on the cloud.

How Trade Openness and Foreign Direct Investment Affect Economy of Pakistan

This study is intended to find out how and to what extent FDI and trade openness affect the growth of economy in Pakistan for time span 1980-2018. To examine influence of FDI and trade openness, GDP was used by way of dependent variable whereas FDI, trade openness, exchange rate, and inflation are also taken as independent variables. The ARDL technique is employed in following study to estimate short-run and long-run results. This study concludes that TO have a positive momentous influence on GDP in both long and short run. While Foreign Direct Investment has an optimistic but irrelevant influence on GDP in Pakistan which demonstrates that TO has a more progressive influence on GDP of Pakistan than FDI. Other variables labor force and inflation harm economic growth while the exchange rate affects GDP positively. It is suggested by the study to enhance economic growth, govt should focus on liberalization of trade by reducing tariffs, customs duties, and other types of taxes on exports to enhance the economic growth of Pakistan.

Analysis of Light Pollution as a Neglected issue in Development

<p><em>The growth of economy that encourage development sometimes cause damage to environment. One of the case is light pollution while many people do not realize this pollution is existed. This research analyses light as one kind of pollution that people tend to unrealize. It describes cause and effect of light pollution. This pollution occurs because overused and misdirected light. Moreover, economics growth and increasing of population encourage this phenomena. Further, It argues that light pollution gives bad impact to environment and animal as well as becomes a threat to human health. This research employs qualitative methods by collecting, categorizing data from library research. It found that light pollution give bad impact to environment and human health, such as miss direction in migration animals, we cannot see Milky Way, and potential breast cancer to human. In addition, light pollution also wastes of energy. So, more attention has to be paid to this pollution and several managements in development and regulation have to be taken to manage this pollution worse.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em>Keywords: </em></p>

Optimal policy learning for COVID-19 prevention using reinforcement learning

COVID-19 has changed the lifestyle of many people due to its rapid human-to-human transmission. The spread started at the end of January 2020, and different countries used different approaches in terms of testing, sanitization, lock down and quarantine centres to control the spread of the virus. People are getting back to working and routine life activities with new normal standards of testing, sanitization, social distancing and lock down. People are regularly tested to identify those who are infected with COVID-19 and isolate them from general public. However, testing all people unnecessarily is an expensive operation in terms of resources usage. There must be an optimal policy to test only those who have higher chances of being COVID-19 positive. Similarly, sanitization is used for individuals and streets to disinfect people and places. However, sanitization is also an expensive operation in terms of resources, and it is not possible to disinfect each and every individual and street. Social separating or lock down or quarantine centres focuses are different methodologies that are utilised to control the human-to-human transmission of the infection and separate the individuals who are contaminated with COVID-19. However, lock down and quarantine centres are expensive operations in terms of resources as it disturbs the affairs of state and the growth of economy. At the same time, it negatively affects the quality of life of a society. It is also not possible to provide resources to all citizens by locking them inside homes or quarantine centres for infinite time. All these parameters are expensive in terms of resources and have an effect on controlling the spread of the virus, quality of life of human, resources and economy. In this article, a novel intelligent method based on reinforcement learning (RL) is built up that quantifies the unique levels of testing, disinfection and lock down alongside its impact on the spread of the infection, personal satisfaction or quality of life, resource use and economy. Different RL algorithms are actualized and agents are prepared with these algorithms to interact with the environment to gain proficiency with the best strategy. The examinations exhibit that deep learning–based algorithms, for example, DQN and DDPG are performing better than customary RL algorithms, for example, Q-Learning and SARSA.

Obtaining TiO2 and Fe2O3 from Ilmenite via Alkaline Fusion Method

Tin mining business in Malaysia produce many types of by product such as xenotime, monazite, zircon and ilmenite. Ilmenite is one of the crucial materials that helps the growth of economy in Malaysia. Instead of that, ilmenite becomes an important material in the process of oxygen carrier where it shows a better compare to the other such as olivine, hematite, biotite and cuprite. Incredible mechanical resistance and good thermal properties are playing an important factor for the materials that been used for oxygen carrier and ilmenite is the most suitable material for oxygen carrier process. Instead of its suitable properties, ilmenite also one of the lowest price materials among natural minerals sources. Ilmenite composition can provide titanium dioxide (TiO2) which can be used in many industries such as painting and iron oxide (Fe2O3 or Fe3O4) for catalytic and magnetic industries. TiO2 can be found in three phases which are anatase, rutile and brookite. In order to obtain TiO2, dissolution – precipitation mechanism where titanium arranges into different crystal structure depending on the reactant chemistry. These phase formations were obtained by using hydrothermal treatment at elevated temperatures with the appropriate reactants. The transition temperature and the mechanism of the structural transformation also can be largely influenced the iron oxide phase. Therefor in this study, extractive metallurgy method was used in order to obtain separate TiO2 and Fe2O3.

FOSTERING STANDARDIZATION AND QUALITY IN HIGHER EDUCATION- A STUDENTS’ PERSPECTIVE

Universities are specialized units aimed to deliver quality education and shaping future leadership to provide competent professionals to the industry. The establishment of ORIC in universities and significant increase in academia-industry linkage activities is strategic move towards achievement of the mentioned objectives. Bridging up the gap between academia and industry by adopting such strategies defines the successful role of HEIs. In view of increasing number of universities and continuous outflow of graduates it seems imperative to analyze and capitalize their potential towards the growth of economy. However, the unemployment ratio and limited growth in SME (Small & Medium sized Entities) sector reflect the insignificant absorption of graduates in corporate sector. The study aims to determine the factors that serve as barriers in achieving goals of HEIs by understanding the problems faced by university students in general and business graduates in particular on the basis of data gathered from 100 students from different universities present in Karachi. It shall also assists the policy makers in devising policy as per market demands, level of quality attained by universities, their involvement with corporate sector and in turn need of the industry to keep both parties at par in the fluctuating and contemporary era.

Impact of Technological Innovation on Quality of Management

The main purpose of this paper is getting knowledge how technology innovation has impact on the quality of management in its execution. Execution of new technological innovation is not an easy task for the management. Management must fully equipped for handling the new technology in an organization our society always look for new invention for full filling their needs it is a duty for the manager to help organization to adopt and to execute new technological innovation in better way for achieving their goals and for gaining goodwill in the market. Technical innovation considers an important step towards the growth of economy and also helpful for improving the standard of living. Technical innovation is requirement of our society by these types of innovation we can increase our customers by giving what they want but this is possible only when organization has a effective management and qualified managers those who are able to understand how new technological innovations will execute by optimum utilization of resources .

Economies of Scale and Efficiency of Mutual Funds in Pakistan

Mutual funds have a significant role as an institutional investor to allocate funds in an efficient way. Therefore, this study examines efficiency of mutual funds due to their substantial role in the growth of economy. Technical Efficiency (TE), Pure Technical Efficiency (PTE), and Scale Efficiency (SE) of mutual funds are examined over the period of 2011 to 2016 by following Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The results showed a TE of 70.6%, PTE of 73%, and SE of 96.3% in mutual funds of Pakistan. A significant boost has been noticed in the efficiency of the initial year but it decreased afterward. Decreasing return to scale is found 52.40% whereas, increasing return to scale are found 17.41%. There were only 30.19% mutual funds which are working on right scale. It suggests that regulators need to closely monitor mutual funds since unplanned growth in size of mutual funds will damage the overall efficiency since the decreasing return to scale are