Analysis of Burnout Indices and Components of Organizational Climate among Female Factory Workers

Introduction. With the growing number of females employed as factory workers, it is important to look into the phenomenon of burnout and related organizational climate affecting these workers. Objectives. The study's objectives were: 1) to come up with the indices of burnout among Filipino female factory workers and; 2) to come up with indices of organizational climate components of job autonomy, the content of the job, and nature of management through exploratory factor analysis. Methods. The secondary data used for this study were from a cross-sectional study involving 344 female factory workers. The indicators of the organizational climate were derived through exploratory factor analysis of items in the dataset. Exploratory Factor Analysis was used to reduce the variables into a fewer set of “Component Variables.” The technique explored the relationship of each indicator and then grouped them according to which component they were highly correlated. Using the factor loadings as weights, the index score was generated. The organizational climate indices were derived from the factor loading scores. Burnout Score was derived from respondents’ answers on nine items relating to burnout. The organizational climate indexes were also generated using factor analysis with these components- job autonomy, content of the job, and nature of management. Cronbach alpha was generated for all the items under each index to show the internal consistency and scale reliability. Results. There were 344 female respondents with a mean age of 26 (SD=5.02), and the majority were single (69.21%). Nine items were measured with the lowest average response “work is boring” (0.259 ± .560) for burnout indices. The highest mean answer for the item “work requires new skills or upskilling regularly” at 1.619 ± .762, suggesting that most respondents were required to upskill regularly. “Salary is not enough to meet worker’s needs” also has a high average response, suggesting that most respondents felt that their salary was insufficient to sustain their daily needs. The total burnout score indicates that workers experienced moderate burnout. The indices for burnout have good internal consistency and scale reliability (Cronbach alpha= 0.712). The organizational climate was grouped into Indexes through factor analysis, namely, Autonomy on Quality Index, Autonomy on Rest Index, Skilled work content Index, Physical work content Index, Hazardous work content Index, Health, Safety, and Compensation Index, and Training Index. Autonomy on Quality Index has a mean of 66.877 ± 31.934, suggesting that the autonomy on quality for respondents was moderately high, while Autonomy on Rest Index was 24.159 ± 30.788, suggesting that respondents have low autonomy on rest. The skilled work content index was high at an average of 70.801 ± 22.87, while physical work content and hazardous work content index were low at 29.398 and 25.377, respectively. Health, Safety, and Compensation index average was very low at 8.891 ± 8.524. Conclusion. This study came up with indices of burnout unique to female factory workers. The indexes were boredom/boring work, repetitious tasks, fast-paced work, work pressure, not sufficient compensation, work-home conflicts, upskilling, physically tiring, mentally tiring, and salary is not sufficient to meet basic needs. This study also came up with the indexes of organizational climate relating to job autonomy, content of job, and nature of management. The several items under each of these components were subjected to Factor Analysis to come up with indexes of organizational climate. Thus, the contribution of this study is coming up with a burnout index unique to the Filipino factory worker, not just based on subjective expert opinion, but data-driven and statistically derived.

MRP-PCI: A Multiple Reference Point Based Partially Compensatory Composite Indicator for Sustainability Assessment

Assessing different types of sustainability is a complex procedure, which implies considering aspects of very different nature. One way to do this is using a system of single indicators measuring all these different aspects and aggregating them in an overall composite indicator. In line with the concepts of weak and strong sustainability, the compensability degree among the indicators allowed by the aggregation procedure is a crucial issue. There exist methods that allow for full compensability, zero compensability, or partial compensability. In most of them, the compensation degree is established in a global way, that is, it is the same for all the indicators. In this paper, we develop the Multiple Reference Point Partially Compensatory Indicator (MRP-PCI), where a different compensation index can be established for each indicator. The resulting method can be applied to any system of indicators, and successfully considers the compensation indices given. Some examples and comparisons are used to illustrate its behavior.

Social compensation as an indicator of national budgetary policy fairness and effectiveness

Paper offers new, author’s method to calculate “social compensation” index (as aggregated macro economical one) reflecting the role of the state in social compensation policy implementing (fair policy and effective policy); analyzes these indices changes with dynamics of Ginny coefficient in the countries of the world, assess the effectiveness of the national social compensation program in countries grouped by the level of per capita income; gives recommendations on directions and principles of national policy of social compensation modernization which is relevant for the dynamics of the global market situation.

Characterization of β-cell function impairment in first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic subjects: modeling analysis of 24-h triple-meal tests

To investigate early secretory defects in prediabetes, we evaluated β-Cell function and insulin sensitivity (M value, by euglycemic clamp) in 26 normotolerant first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients (FDR) and 17 age- and weight-matched control subjects. β-Cell function was assessed by modeling analysis of glucose and C-peptide concentrations measured during 24 h of standardized living conditions. Fasting and total insulin secretion (ISR) were increased in FDR, as was ISR at a reference 5 mM glucose level (ISR5, 107 ± 6 vs. 87 ± 6 pmol· min−1·m−2, P < 0.05). ISR5 was inversely related to M in controls (ISR5 = k/M1.23, ρ = −0.74, P < 0.005) but not in FDR; when M was accounted for (by calculating a compensation index ISR5·M1.23), compensation for insulin resistance was impaired in FDR (10.8 ± 1.0 vs. 13.4 ± 0.6 units, P < 0.05). Potentiation of ISR, expressing relative transient increases in glucose-stimulated ISR during meals, was impaired in FDR (1.29 ± 0.08 vs. 1.62 ± 0.08 during 1st meal, P < 0.02). Moreover, the potentiation time course was related to glucose-dependent insulin-releasing polypeptide (GIP) concentrations in both groups, and the sensitivity of potentiation to GIP derived from this relationship tended to be impaired in FDR. Compensation index, potentiation, and sensitivity to GIP were interrelated parameters ( P < 0.05 or less). β-Cell function parameters were also related to mean 24-h glucose levels ( r2 = 0.63, P < 0.0001, multivariate model). In conclusion, although in absolute terms ISR is increased in insulin-resistant FDR, β-cell function shows a cluster of interrelated abnormalities involving compensation for insulin resistance, potentiation, and sensitivity to GIP, suggesting a β-cell defect in the amplifying pathway of insulin secretion.