Progress Guidance Representation for Robust Interactive Extraction of Buildings from Remotely Sensed Images

Accurate building extraction from remotely sensed images is essential for topographic mapping, cadastral surveying and many other applications. Fully automatic segmentation methods still remain a great challenge due to the poor generalization ability and the inaccurate segmentation results. In this work, we are committed to robust click-based interactive building extraction in remote sensing imagery. We argue that stability is vital to an interactive segmentation system, and we observe that the distance of the newly added click to the boundaries of the previous segmentation mask contains progress guidance information of the interactive segmentation process. To promote the robustness of the interactive segmentation, we exploit this information with the previous segmentation mask, positive and negative clicks to form a progress guidance map, and feed it to a convolutional neural network (CNN) with the original RGB image, we name the network as PGR-Net. In addition, an adaptive zoom-in strategy and an iterative training scheme are proposed to further promote the stability of PGR-Net. Compared with the latest methods FCA and f-BRS, the proposed PGR-Net basically requires 1–2 fewer clicks to achieve the same segmentation results. Comprehensive experiments have demonstrated that the PGR-Net outperforms related state-of-the-art methods on five natural image datasets and three building datasets of remote sensing images.

A BIM-IFC Technical Solution for 3D Crowdsourced Cadastral Surveys Based on LADM

In most countries, three-dimensional (3D) property units are registered utilizing two-dimensional (2D) documentation and textual description. This approach has several limitations as it is unable to represent the actual extent of complicated 3D property units in space. As traditional procedures often lead to increased costs and long delays in 2D cadastral surveying, a fast, cost-effective, and reliable solution is needed to cope with the remaining global cadastral surveying needs. Crowdsourcing has claimed a critical role as a reliable methodology with huge potential regarding the realization of 2D and 3D cadastral registration in both an affordable and a timely manner. Many large modern constructions are now planned and constructed based on BIM technology all over the world. The utilization of 3D digital models, such as building information models (BIMs), and the establishment of a connection with the international standard of the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) could be a solution for the rapid integration of these units into a 3D crowdsourced cadaster with a better representation of the cadastral boundaries of these units, a detailed visualization of complex infrastructures, and an enhancement in the interoperability between different parties and organizations. In this paper, the potential linkage between the BIM, the LADM, and crowdsourcing techniques is investigated in order to provide an effective technical solution for the integration of large new constructions into 3D crowdsourced cadastral surveys. The proposed framework is tested on a building block in Athens, Greece. The potential, perspectives, and reliability of such an implementation are assessed and discussed.

RESEARCH AND APPLICATION OF LIDAR TECHNOLOGY IN CADASTRAL SURVEYING AND MAPPING

The state attaches great importance to the issue of the right to the use of rural land. At present, China is carrying out a large-scale mapping and confirmation of rural house sites and rural houses. The traditional measurement method mainly adopts total station or RTK manual measurement method, which is characterized by high work intensity, complex operation procedure and labor-consuming. There are hundreds of thousands of villages in China. With the development of science and technology, it is an inevitable trend to use new technologies in rural cadastral surveys to improve their efficiency and quality. LiDAR scanning technology has the advantages of high efficiency, flexibility, reliability, and high accuracy, which meet the requirements of tasks and schedules that are difficult to complete with traditional measurement methods. This paper is based on the AS-300H multi-platform LiDAR system of Huace Navigation, which integrates UAV and vehicle LiDAR for cadastral surveying and mapping. It proves that LiDAR using in rural cadastral mapping has low labor intensity, high efficiency and accuracy. At the same time, the advantages and disadvantages of LiDAR technology for cadastral mapping are also summarized and elaborated, which has a good reference and significance for those who are currently conducting rural housing and cadastral mapping work.

Teknik-Teknik Pengukuran dan Pemetaan Kadastral Pada Program PTSL di Kantah Lombok Timur

One of the key for successing the Complete Systematic Land Registration Project/ PTSL is efficient surveying and mapping. The purpose of this study was to determine variations in cadastral Surveying and mapping techniques used in PTSL East Lombok Regency. The research used qualitative-descriptive method with interview techniques, documentation and direct observation at the research location. Population and sample are all officers whom related to surveying and mapping activities in East Lombok district land office. The result of this research are 1) there are variations in cadastral Surveying and mapping techniques of the East Lombok District Land Office; 2) an efficient Surveying technique is to use satellite observation techniques using Geodetic Geo Fennel GPS RTK devices which are an average of 50 fields per day for settlements and rice fields; 3) factors that influence are the availability of tools, human resources (measuring and mapping officers), the community as the applicant and the village apparatus, the area of land, the arrangement of land, the form of land, tool batteries, radio transmitter signals, reference points and multipath. Keywords: Surveying, Mapping, PTSL, Efficient, GPS. Intisari: Salah satu kunci keberhasilan PTSL terdapat pada pengukuran dan pemetaannya. Maka perlu dilakukan pengukuran dan pemetaan yang efisien. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui variasi teknik-teknik pengukuran dan pemetaan kadastral yang digunakan pada PTSL Kabupaten Lombok Timur. Metode penelitian yang digunakan penulis yaitu metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik wawancara, dokumentasi dan observasi langsung di lokasi penelitian. Populasi dan sampel yaitu semua petugas yang berkaitan dengan kegiatan pengukuran dan pemetaan di kantor pertanahan Kab. Lombok Timur. Dari penelitian yang sudah dilakukan didapatkan data bahwa 1) terdapat variasi teknik-teknik pengukuran dan pemetaan kadastral Kantor Pertanahan Kab. Lombok Timur yaitu, 3 teknik pengukuran dan 3 teknik pemetaan; 2) teknik pengukuran yang efisien adalah dengan menggunakan teknik pengamatan satelit menggunakan alat GPS RTK Geodetic Geo Fennel yaitu rata-rata 50 bidang perhari untuk pemukiman maupun persawahan; 3) faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh adalah ketersedian alat, sumber daya manusia (petugas ukur dan pemetaan), masyarakat sebagai pemohon dan perangkat desa, luas bidang tanah, penataan bidang tanah, bentuk bidang tanah, baterai alat, sinyal pemancar radio, titik referensi dan multipath.Kata Kunci: Pengukuran, Pemetaan, PTSL, Efisien, GPS.Abstract: One of the key for successing the Complete Systematic Land Registration Project/ PTSL is efficient surveying and mapping. The purpose of this study was to determine variations in cadastral Surveying and mapping techniques used in PTSL East Lombok Regency. The research used qualitative-descriptive method with interview techniques, documentation and direct observation at the research location. Population and sample are all officers whom related to surveying and mapping activities in East Lombok district land office. The result of this research are 1) there are variations in cadastral Surveying and mapping techniques of the East Lombok District Land Office; 2) an efficient Surveying technique is to use satellite observation techniques using Geodetic Geo Fennel GPS RTK devices which are an average of 50 fields per day for settlements and rice fields; 3) factors that influence are the availability of tools, human resources (measuring and mapping officers), the community as the applicant and the village apparatus, the area of land, the arrangement of land, the form of land, tool batteries, radio transmitter signals, reference points and multipath. Keywords: Surveying, Mapping, PTSL, Efficient, GPS. Intisari: Salah satu kunci keberhasilan PTSL terdapat pada pengukuran dan pemetaannya. Maka perlu dilakukan pengukuran dan pemetaan yang efisien. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui variasi teknik-teknik pengukuran dan pemetaan kadastral yang digunakan pada PTSL Kabupaten Lombok Timur. Metode penelitian yang digunakan penulis yaitu metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik wawancara, dokumentasi dan observasi langsung di lokasi penelitian. Populasi dan sampel yaitu semua petugas yang berkaitan dengan kegiatan pengukuran dan pemetaan di kantor pertanahan Kab. Lombok Timur. Dari penelitian yang sudah dilakukan didapatkan data bahwa 1) terdapat variasi teknik-teknik pengukuran dan pemetaan kadastral Kantor Pertanahan Kab. Lombok Timur yaitu, 3 teknik pengukuran dan 3 teknik pemetaan; 2) teknik pengukuran yang efisien adalah dengan menggunakan teknik pengamatan satelit menggunakan alat GPS RTK Geodetic Geo Fennel yaitu rata-rata 50 bidang perhari untuk pemukiman maupun persawahan; 3) faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh adalah ketersedian alat, sumber daya manusia (petugas ukur dan pemetaan), masyarakat sebagai pemohon dan perangkat desa, luas bidang tanah, penataan bidang tanah, bentuk bidang tanah, baterai alat, sinyal pemancar radio, titik referensi dan multipath.Kata Kunci: Pengukuran, Pemetaan, PTSL, Efisien, GPS.

Legal opportunity to implement 3D cadastre in Mongolia

The latest trends in the development of global land cadastre are spatial or 3D cadastre. Despite the fact that the land cadastre in our country has been developing rapidly over the past 20 years, the technology and method of land cadastre are still based on the principle of traditional 2D cadastre. Therefore, we conducted a survey of the land cadastre legal environment of Mongolia to introduce 3D cadastre. The first law on land cadastre activity is the Cadastre Mapping and Land Cadastre Law, which has been regulating for 21 years since 1999. Within the framework of National program to introduce an integrated registration system in Mongolia, Government Resolution 78 was adopted in 2008. This document addresses the issue of introducing “3D cadastral surveying and registration system” in the development of spatial databases, but has not been developed as a legal document. This research focuses on analysis of 10 selected laws, which are most relevant and consistent with the purpose of regulating the 3D cadastre from the package of land laws and thorough examination of each law, selection, and analysis of information taking into account legal terminology, cadastral mapping, registration of rights, and database. The general concept and content of the laws under study are in accordance with the general legal concept of 3D cadastral relations. The first step in improving the legal environment for 3D cadastre is the amendment to the law on cadastral surveying and land cadaster and other regulations can be adopted through improving, updating and developing government regulations and relevant standards. Монгол улсад 3D кадастрыг нэвтрүүлэх хууль эрх зүйн боломж Дэлхий нийтийн газрын кадастрын хөгжлийн хамгийн сүүлийн үеийн чиг хандлага нь орон зайн буюу 3D кадастр юм. Манай улсын газрын кадастр нь сүүлийн 20 жилийн хугацаанд хурдацтай хөгжиж байгаа ч кадастрын технологи, арга зүй нь уламжлалт 2D кадастрын зарчимд тулгуурласан хэвээр байна. Иймд бид 3D кадастрыг нэвтрүүлэх зорилгоор Монгол улсын газрын кадастрын эрх зүйн орчинд судалгааг хийв. Газрын кадастрын үйл ажиллагааг зохицуулах анхны бие даасан хууль нь Кадастрын зураглал ба газрын кадастрын тухай хууль бөгөөд 1999 оноос хойш 21 жил хүчин төгөлдөр мөрдөгдөж байна. Монгол улсад бүртгэлийн нэгдсэн тогтолцоог бий болгох үндэсний хөтөлбөрийн хүрээнд Засгийн газрын 2008 оны 78-р тогтоол батлагдсан. Энэхүү баримт бичигт орон зайн мэдээллийн санг боловсронгуй болгох чиглэлээр “гурван хэмжээст кадастрын зураглал болон бүртгэлийн тогтолцоог нэвтрүүлэх” асуудлыг тусгасан боловч энэ нь эрх зүйн хүрээний баримт бичиг болон тусгайлан боловсруулагдаагүй байна. Энэхүү судалгааны ажилд 3D кадастрыг хуулийн хүрээнд зохицуулах, хамгийн тохиромжтой, зорилготой нийцэхүйц газрын харилцааны багц хуулиудаас арван хуулийг сонгон авч, хууль тус бүрийг нарийн судлан хуулийн нэр томъёо, кадастрын зураглал, эрхийн бүртгэл, мэдээллийн сан гэсэн үзүүлэлтүүдийг харгалзан, мэдээллүүдийг сонгон авч түүнд дүн шинжилгээ хийхэд чиглэсэн. Судалгаанд хамрагдсан хуулиудын ерөнхий үзэл баримтлал, агуулга цар хүрээ нь 3D кадастрын харилцааг зохицуулах эрх зүйн суурь үзэл баримтлалтай өргөн агуулгаараа нийцэж байна. 3D кадастрын эрх зүйн орчныг боловсронгуй болгох эхний алхам бол Кадастрын зураглал ба газрын кадастрын хуульд нэмэлт өөрчлөлт оруулах явдал бөгөөд бусад харилцааг засгийн газрын дүрэм, журам, норм нормативыг шинэчлэх, шинээр боловсруулах зэргээр зохицуулах бүрэн боломжтой гэж үзэж байна. Түлхүүр үг: хууль, эрх зүй, бүртгэл, зураглал, орон зайн бүртгэл

IT Services and Crowdsourcing in Support of the Hellenic Cadastre: Advanced Citizen Participation and Crowdsourcing in the Official Property Registration Process

Greece is one of the few European countries that has not yet a fully operating Cadastre at national coverage. Cadastral surveying and property registration have been completed only for about 8% of the Greek territory, which includes about 18% of the total property rights. At the remaining areas, cadastral surveying and property registration is still under development and is expected to be completed by the end of 2021. The cadastral survey is a participatory procedure in which property right holders, or their representatives, are expected to declare the land parcels on which they have property rights and submit all documents that prove these rights. The time frame available for the declaration is 3 months, which is specific for each municipality. Right holders are now enabled to provide both spatial and descriptive information, regarding their properties and property rights, without the need of a professional. That includes the parcel’s boundary lines along with the legal documents required to validate the declaration. Each right holder, or a representative, has the option to submit a declaration over the internet through a web application without the need of a professional. Within the frame of a PhD research, several concerns were addressed such as usability, security, and scalability in order for the outcome to support its scope while respecting binding constrains. As a result, two web applications have been created to officially support the Hellenic Cadaster property rights declaration process. The suggested approach was considered a big success in terms of both public acceptance and usability as shown from the statistics collected during the first eight months of its formal operation.

Reliable 2D Crowdsourced Cadastral Surveys: Case Studies from Greece and Romania

This paper is part of a doctoral dissertation (PhD) research that investigates the development of a procedure for reliable 2D crowdsourced cadastral surveying introducing the use of new Information Technology IT tools and increased citizen participation, supported by m-services. For the development of this procedure, the formal cadastral procedure applied currently in two Europeans countries, Greece and Romania, for their modern nation-wide projects is firstly investigated. The first part of this paper briefly investigates the current stage of progress of those projects in both countries, as well as the specifications and procedures applied for the cadastral surveys, and assesses the level of participation of the right holders and the efficiency of the current procedures. Then, a proposal for a crowdsourced general procedure with increased participation of the right holders in the initial cadastral data collection phase is designed that it may be of value either for the planners of those two projects to improve their projects towards a more fit-for-purpose approach and successfully meet the deadlines timely, or for researchers and planners of other projects with similar nation-wide approaches which also require accurate, assured and authoritative end products. For the assessment of the applicability of the proposal, three case studies are held and tested in urban, rural and suburban areas in both countries, using both a commercial application and an open source one. These crowdsourced surveys are compared to the formal cadastral surveys that have been compiled by cadastral professionals in both countries and the achieved results are assessed and judged as satisfactory in terms of geometric accuracies and the avoidance of gross errors in the location of the parcels. A proposal for future research in order to further improve the proposed procedure is discussed.

Practice of Small and Medium UAV in Large Scale Topographic Map

As a basic surveying and mapping work, small uav has been widely used in large scale topographic mapping. According to the needs of production and construction, digital mapping methods and aerial photogrammetry are used to provide technical support for large scale topographic mapping in engineering construction surveying and mapping, urban planning and construction, cadastral surveying and other directions. In order to control the small uav in the terrain elevation information, mapping proportion accuracy and other aspects to get better improvement, the practice of small uav in large scale topographic map is deeply analyzed, in order to understand the practical application value of small uav in large scale topographic map.