Overview of lattice calculations of the x-dependence of PDFs, GPDs and TMDs

For a long time, lattice QCD was unable to address the x-dependence of partonic distributions, direct access to which is impossible in Euclidean spacetime. Recent years have brought a breakthrough for such calculations when it was realized that partonic light-cone correlations can be accessed through spatial correlations computable on the lattice. Appropriately devised observables can be factorized into physical PDFs via a perturbative procedure called matching, analogous to the standard factorization of experimental cross sections. In this short review, aimed at a broader high-energy and nuclear physics community, we discuss the recent highlights of this research program. Key concepts are outlined, followed by a case study illustrating the typical stage of current lattice extractions and by a brief review of the most recent explorations. We finalize with a number of messages for the prospects of lattice determinations of partonic structure.

Electric field control of magnetism

Electric field control of magnetism is an extremely exciting area of research, from both a fundamental science and an applications perspective and has the potential to revolutionize the world of computing. To realize this will require numerous further innovations, both in the fundamental science arena as well as translating these scientific discoveries into real applications. Thus, this article will attempt to bridge the gap between condensed matter physics and the actual manifestations of the physical concepts into applications. We have attempted to paint a broad-stroke picture of the field, from the macroscale all the way down to the fundamentals of spin–orbit coupling that is a key enabler of the physics discussed. We hope it will help spur more translational research within the broad materials physics community. Needless to say, this article is written on behalf of a large number of colleagues, collaborators and researchers in the field of complex oxides as well as current and former students and postdocs who continue to pursue cutting-edge research in this field.

Myth-Historical Quantum Erasure

An unhappy complaint by celebrated Irish physicist John Stuart Bell, who challenged an unchecked quantum orthodoxy, opens Chapter 2. At first his quote seems little more than a disgruntled student blowing off steam. Closer examination reveals much higher stakes. This chapter probes Bell’s frustrations toward his physics training at Queen’s University Belfast in the late 1940s. He complained bitterly about an entrenched quantum orthodoxy supported by canonical narratives that took hold in the early 1930s and continued to dominate the field for decades. The orthodox quantum interpretation eventually became synonymous with the city of Copenhagen and was used widely in the international physics community to filter out unwanted alternate interpretations, shut down interpretational debate, and promote a pragmatically productive culture of scientific consensus.

Condensed Matter involving Dark Matter and Negative Mass

The question that has bewildered the physics community is the colossal complexities of the idea of three categorical similarities dependent on each other. Dark Energy, Dark Matter and Anti-Gravity. One could say that Anti-Gravity is actually dark matter. In other words, they are one in the same. Based on my theory, all three of these similarities are connected via a formula I extended from the Potential Energy formula into a new, original formula. Is this the beginning of a quantization of a form of Matter that has never been quantified?

Testing new physics models with global comparisons to collider measurements: the Contur toolkit

Measurements at particle collider experiments, even if primarily aimed at understanding Standard Model processes, can have a high degree of model independence, and implicitly contain information about potential contributions from physics beyond the Standard Model. The CONTUR package allows users to benefit from the hundreds of measurements preserved in the RIVET library to test new models against the bank of LHC measurements to date. This method has proven to be very effective in several recent publications from the CONTUR team, but ultimately, for this approach to be successful, the authors believe that the CONTUR tool needs to be accessible to the wider high energy physics community. As such, this manual accompanies the first user-facing version: CONTUR v2. It describes the design choices that have been made, as well as detailing pitfalls and common issues to avoid. The authors hope that with the help of this documentation, external groups will be able to run their own CONTUR studies, for example when proposing a new model, or pitching a new search.

Women in physics

The International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) is the scientific union representing identified physics communities from all over the world. It currently has 60 country members and is organized and run by the physics community itself. About to turn one hundred years old, the IUPAP has taken several actions for over 20 years to increase the participation and improve the situation of women physicists. The creation of its Working Group on Women in Physics in 1999 has had an enormous impact on the physics communities giving visibility to a problem that had often gone unnoticed, raising awareness and, most importantly, creating a very active network of women physicists in more countries than IUPAP members. The Working Group has also had a direct impact on the IUPAP’s organization and on the activities it sponsors. In this paper I give a brief account of the actions of the Working Group and of the measures that the IUPAP has taken since 1999 to help reduce the gender gap in physics and in STEM. I then focus on the many activities that it led to in Latin America, the region of origin of three of the five chairs of the Working Group.

Labs, Lives, Technoscience

This chapter looks at Sharon Traweek's classic study of physicists, which tracks the way the experimental particle physics community reproduces itself through the training of novices. It identifies the patterns through which education and inculcation occur, and by which particle physicists learn the criteria for a successful career. It also examines the images Traweek conveys of community, stability, and gendered reproduction that can be discerned only within a sufficiently entrenched discipline. The chapter describes synthetic biology as an unstable and ambiguously bounded field in which idiosyncratic individual paths are figured prominently, especially for members of the first generation of practitioners whose training took place within the reproductive mechanisms of established disciplines. It explores paths that are embedded with different concepts and logics within the synthetic organisms that were made in different labs.

Efficient Pathway Identification from Geospatial Trajectories

<p>In the earth-physics community Lagrangian trajectories are used within multiple contexts – analyzing the spreading of pollutants in the air or studying the connectivity between two ocean regions of interest. Huge amounts of data are generated reporting the geo position and other variables e.g. temperature, depth or salinity for particles spreading in the ocean. As state-of-the-art, these experiments are analyzed and visualized by binning the particle positions to pre-defined rectangular boxes. For each box a particle density is computed which then yields a probability map to visualize major pathways. Identifying the main pathways directly still remains a challenge when huge amounts of particles and variables are involved.</p><p>We propose a novel method that focuses on linking the net fluctuation of particles between adaptable hexagonal grid cells. For very small areas the rectangular boxing does not imply big differences in area or shape, though when gridding larger areas it introduces rather large distortions. Using hexagons instead provides multiple advantages, such as constant distances between the centers of neighboring boxes or more possibilities of movement due to 6 edges instead of 4 with a lower number of neighbors at the same time (6 instead of 9). The net fluctuation can be viewed as transition strength between the cells.Through this network perspective, the density of the transition strength can be visualized clearly. The main pathways are the transitions with the highest net fluctuation. Thus, simple statistical filtering can be used to reveal the main pathways. The combination of network analysis and adaptable hexagonal grid cells yields a surprisingly time and resource efficient way to identify main pathways.</p>

Collection Development for Librarians in a Hurry: A Survey of the Physics Resources of the Libraries of the Association of American Universities

This study is an examination of the databases, websites, journals, and monograph titles most frequently included in the library resource guides of 65 well-regarded research institutions. Through an analysis of library resource guides, this study enumerates the resources most frequently recommended to the physics community for study and research. Open access resources, such as arXiv, SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS), and INSPIRE, are among the most included titles. Notably, websites of professional organizations and governmental agencies are also frequently named. The study is meant to assist librarians in developing and maintaining collections to recommend to the physics community.