Synchronization in multi-motor hydromechanical systems

Introduction. The paper submits the analysis of existing design solutions of flow dividers used to synchronize hydraulic drives of working bodies of technological and mobile machines. The market demands for multithreaded throttle flow dividers without valves with the controlled division ratio, such as multi-axle vehicle chassis, are identified. The objective of the work was to analyze the possibility and rationale for developing a throttle four-way flow divider without valves with sensing elements of the Venturi tube type. The solution should provide the synchronicity of movement (rotation) of more than three working bodies of technological and mobile machines.Materials and Methods. A patent search for the designs of hydraulic flow dividers is carried out, and systems that require the division of the hydraulic fluid flow into more than two executive bodies are considered. An upgrade option, which allows dividing the flow into four branches, is proposed for the design of a three-channel throttle flow divider without valves.Results. The urgency of developing a multithreaded throttle flow divider without valves for application in industrial and mobile machines is validated. Two types of four-flow dividers are considered, their weaknesses are indicated. It is noted that the development of a multithreaded throttle flow divider based on the designs created in 1989 and 1991 will reduce the number of hydraulic pumps and get rid of the series connection of double-flow dividers. In this way, it is possible to reduce pressure losses in the hydraulic system and implement adaptive control of hydraulic motors of multi-motor mobile machines. The possibility to obtain a divider/combiner into four flows by adding an outlet chamber connected to the membrane chamber through a channel entering the Venturi nozzle on the basis of a three-flow throttle divider is shown. The principle of operation of such equipment is described.Discussion and Conclusions. The principles of construction of throttle flow dividers without valves are considered. An upgrade option is proposed to increase the number of division channels from three to four. However, to validate the operability of this design, a numerical analysis of the various modes of operation of the divider is required — calculation of the reduced volumetric stiffness of its working cavities. The information obtained can be used to modernize the hydraulic units of technological and mobile machines, increase their reliability, manufacturability, and efficiency. The issues that need to be solved in further research are identified.

Analysis of International Patent Applications for Inventions Like Traditional Herbal Medicines

Numerous applications have been filed for patents based on bio-inventions in the Indian patent office. Although there is not any international patent, there is a system of international patent applications whereby the applicant may designate name of countries where they wish to file application for patents nationally. According to international patent classification, the concern class for such a patent applications is A61K36/00. More particularly, the international class (IC) A61K36/00 relates to medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof (e.g., traditional herbal medicines). International applications filings under patent cooperation treaty (PCT) for patent purposes can be accessed at the Patentscope (patent search tool of WIPO). All international patent applications for such TK-based inventions have been accessed online at Patentscope using the classification code A61K36 for this study.

Mapping technological innovation dynamics in artificial intelligence domains: Evidence from a global patent analysis

Artificial intelligence (AI) is emerging as a technology at the center of many political, economic, and societal debates. This paper formulates a new AI patent search strategy and applies this to provide a landscape analysis of AI innovation dynamics and technology evolution. The paper uses patent analyses, network analyses, and source path link count algorithms to examine AI spatial and temporal trends, cooperation features, cross-organization knowledge flow and technological routes. Results indicate a growing yet concentrated, non-collaborative and multi-path development and protection profile for AI patenting, with cross-organization knowledge flows based mainly on interorganizational knowledge citation links.

PHOTOPOLYMERIZED COMPOSITIONS AND LIGHT SOURCES FOR DENTAL PRACTICE (REVIEW)

The review presents an analysis of articles published for the period 2005-2021. in top-rated publications devoted to the research results in the field of creating light-curing (photopolymerizable) compositions for use in dental practice. The information concerning the main ingredients of the compositions: di (meth) acrylate monomers, fillers, pigments, and photoinitiators is summarized. A comparative assessment of light sources, which determine the curing efficiency of materials of such a functional purpose, is presented. The results of a patent search, in the PatentScope database, are presented. For the period 2000-2021. have been identified 692 patents, which are related to the creation of dental photopolymer composites.

JUSTIFICATION OF THE FUNCTIONAL MARMALADE RECIPE

The article analyzes the mass fraction of sugar in the composition of the most common types of marmalade in retail chains. The hypothesis of the relationship between the statistics of childhood obesity in Russia and the increase in the consumption of "hidden" sugars is presented. The article substantiates the relevance of introducing healthy sweets into the diet of children. The results of a patent search and laboratory study of the sugar content in industrial marmalade by capillary electrophoresis are presented. A computer model of the marmalade recipe with a low sugar content and high nutritional value was obtained.

Biosurfactants Production by Fermentation Process Using Waste as Substrate – A Patent Search Report

Biosurfactants are active compounds capable of reducing surface tensions produced by microorganisms, having low toxicity and high biodegradability with possible production from renewable sources. This work aims at presenting a patents search on the biosurfactants production through fermentation, using waste as substrate. The methodology consisted of searching keywords and their blending, using the database of Derwent innovation. The search returned 15 patent registrations filed in the last 8 years. Of the 15, 10 orders are active. After analysis, 3 of the 10 selected patents showed strong adherence to the subject, describing the use of waste as substrates to produce more economical biosurfactants.

Patent Analysis of Sulfur Autotrophic Denitrification Technology in China

In order to grasp the overall status of sulfur autotrophic denitrification related patents, and better carry out sulfur autotrophic denitrification related research and intellectual property protection, based on the SooPAT Chinese patent search engine and Baiteng.com platform, from the first patent application year to the search deadline was to analyze the number, legal status, technical field distribution, and patent value of the sulfur autotrophic denitrification patents filed in China. The results showed that the number of patents filed each year had increased rapidly since 2012. The number of patents filed in 2019 was 10 times the number of patent applications from 2001 to 2011, and the patents granted were mainly concentrated in the field of sewage (waste) water treatment, accounting for 83.64% of the total number of patents. The overall patent value was in the middle and lower level, and there were no high-value patents.

Recent patents and a market overview on green or bio-based solvents for chromatographic analysis: a review

Green solvents (GSs) in chromatography originate from green chemistry. Therefore, using GSs in liquid chromatographic analysis to separate drugs and chemicals is an emerging approach to reduce hazardous chemicals in nature. The Orbit Intelligence database was used to conduct a strategic patent search for peer-reviewed patents on GSs as a mobile phase for chromatographic analysis. This article reported numerous approaches for encouraging GSs such as ethanol, butanol, esters, polyethylene glycol, supercritical fluids and nonionic surfactants to analyze drugs or compounds. The main aim of this article is to explore the patented GSs for chromatographic analysis and forecasting of the GSs that encourage industries to shift from hazardous to GSs.

Technologic Prospection of Bioactive Compounds in Umbu Pulp (Spondias Tuberosa Arruda)

The Spondias tuberosa arruda is a fairly integrated type and known in the Brazilian semiarid, being present in the food of the population that lives there. About 18 fruits are in the genus Spondias, and it is known that some of them, like umbu, have antioxidant potential and applicability in several areas. In order to evaluate this potential, it is important a detailed study of all possible applications. This study analyzed the survey results for the bioactive compounds (phenolic compounds and antioxidants) present in umbu pulp (Spondias tuberosa arruda) through patent applications. To perform the patent search was used the bases of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), the database of the brazilian National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI) and the European Patent Office (Espacenet). This prospect has contributed to the knowledge of researches already developed, especially in order to identify the work in the area of use, characterization, possible applications and potential umbu, focusing on the identification of bioactive compounds and how promising and necessary is a research in that area.

An Overview on Methods for Producing Side-Emitting Polymer Optical Fibers

An overview of the most important methods for producing side-emitting polymer optical fibers is given. Based on a systematic literature and patent search, the methods that are applied in practice and explored in research are identified. The fabrication methods are classified into four groups according to the physical phenomenon that hinders total internal reflection: bulk scattering, bending, surface perforations and luminescence. Subdivisions are made regarding the actual processing steps. The production methods are described in detail and discussed with respect to their customizability and applications.