Evaluating the source and Quality of River and Groundwater using hydrochemistry and stable isotopesin Tawi Watershed, Jammu District, Jammu and Kashmir, India

Hydrogeochemical and isotopic composition of river and groundwater in Kandi and Sirowal belts of Jammu District in the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir was carried out to understand the recharge source and chemical nature of these waters for drinking water quality criteria. Physical parameters (temperature, pH, Total dissolved solids, total hardness and electrical conductivity), major cations and anions (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, HCO3-, Cl-, SO42-, NO3-) and stable isotopes (d18O and d2H) inTawi river and groundwater samples from hand pumps and tube wells were measured. The dominant cation is Ca2+ and the dominant anion HCO3- implyingCaHCO3type water in both river and groundwater. To assess the quality of water for drinking purposes, Groundwater Quality Index (GWQI) has been calculated. The GWQI indicates that Kandi and Sirowal belts are showing “Excellent” to “Good” category for drinking purposes. The stable isotopic composition of river water and groundwater is indicative of meteoric origin and enrichment before groundwater recharge. The stable isotopes in water suggest that the active canals in Sirowal belt,and rainfall and river water near the banks in Kandi belt contribute to ground water recharge.

Rational and Sustainable Water Resource Management in the Ptolemais Lignite Basin Using Remotely Sensed Data

Future investment feasibility studies concerning post-mining repurposing utilities and economic transitions should focus on regional water resource management and the hydraulic protection of any utilities. Satellite images in different bands and Digital Elevation Models (DEM) of the Ptolemais basin were processed, leading to a more accurate estimation of the runoff ratio and percolation ratio. Furthermore, the saturated and unsaturated areas were delineated, leading to the recognition of potential artificial ground water recharge zones and zones where appropriate hydraulic protection measures are necessary.

Solving One Dimensional Ground Water Recharge Through Porous Media Using Elzaki Transform

In this paper, we have discussed the application of Elzaki Transform for finding the solution of One-Dimensional Ground Water Recharge through porous media. In this work, we present a reliable combination of Elaki transform and Adomian Decomposition method. The proposed method introduces Adomian polynomials and the nonlinear terms can be handled by the use of this polynomials easily. The Elaki Decomposition Method is used to solve the particular problem. The purpose of this method is to extend the application of Elzaki Decomposition Method. The proposed method worked perfectly to find the One-Dimensional Ground Water Recharge through porous media problem. We obtain numerical solution and graphical representation.

LAND COVER CHANGE ANALYSIS IN THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA USING NLCD DATA

Land cover change is critical to be monitored as land cover change has significant impacts on flooding, ground water recharge, and urban air temperature. In this paper, key findings from a land cover change analysis study performed in the State of California are presented. National Land Cover Database (NLCD) data from the Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics Consortium (MRLC) was used for this study. Time series of NLCD data during the time period of 2001 through 2016 was used for the analysis. NLCD data processing was done in ArcMap 10.6.1. This paper includes the methodology in detail, and the results of the analysis. Results of the study indicate a significant increase in impervious surfaces, and a significant decrease in forest land cover.

Sustainable management of recycled wastewater – A case study

Waste water reuse is considered as a best solution to climate change adaptation, lack of water service and sanitation in rural areas in particular. The proposed method was the implementation of a real case which describes the benefits of application of treated waste water in Guru Nanak Institution of Technology, Hyderabad for ground water recharge and miscellaneous purposes. The waste water was analyzed for physical and chemical parameters before and after treatment and were compared with WHO, Indian standards and FAO irrigation standards. DO and BOD, Total hardness, Calcium, Magnesium, chlorides and sulphates were found in high concentration as compared to standard values. Hence, infiltration basins filled with filter media were designed and constructed in the campus to recharge ground water. Therefore treated waste water was passed through infiltration beds consisting of Coarse River sand, wood charcoal, 3/4th inch gravel, ¾ inch Granite stones and river boulders. Final analysis was done after filtration. BOD of the filtered water was reduced Ca2+, Mg2+, T.H, Cl and So42− were reduced .The research suggests that the waste water after treatment and filtration could be used for ground water recharge .This study provides an exploratory investigation into advantages of managing recycled waste The paper also provides evidence that an Integrated planning and approach is necessary for the waste water management in a water stressed basin. This work is a challenge for the present and also for the future.

Increasing Ground Water Level by Penetrating Surface Runoff

System proposed in this paper is the planned filtrating penetration system to harvest the surface runoff like storm water into our designed unit in order to increase the natural level and replenishment of ground water resources. Ground water recharge is increasing in popularity as ground water resources are being depleted due to excess of water extraction of water from boreholes in the urban areas. Although the primary objective of this technology is to preserve or increase ground water resources, this kind of artificial recharge has been used for many other beneficial purposes. These include additional treatment (through soil filtration) and conservation or disposal of treated wastewater or floodwaters, storage of water to reduce pumping and piping costs as well as temporary regulation of ground water abstraction. Furthermore water quality can be improved through the removal of suspended solids via soil filtration (see also aquifer treatment) or through the dilution with naturally occurring ground water.

Characterizing Automobile Industrial Wastewater and its Impacts on Surrounding Water Quality

The wastewater from industries varies so greatly in both flow and pollution strength. So, it is impossible to assign fixed values to their constituents. It is necessary to pretreat the wastes prior to release to the municipal system since lack of adequate treatment of the effluent can cause deterioration of the ecosystem, die off and contamination of the aquatic environment. These adverse effects necessitated the study of wastewater effect on surface water body at Emene Industrial Layout, Enugu State, Nigeria. Wastewater samples were collected, analyzed and compared with the plot of treatment means. The results obtained from the study were compared with WHO and NIS 554 water standards. The wastewater analysis suggested that contaminant at the untreated stage was very high. The results of the treated and river sample were within the WHO and NIS 554 allowable water ranges. Samples at discharge point recorded increased values which suggest high re-contamination along the open channel (from non-point sources) before discharge. This calls for proper monitoring and treatment of the industrial effluent prior to ground water recharge or discharge to surface water.

Local Perceptions on the Impact of Drought on Wetland Ecosystem Services and Associated Household Livelihood Benefits: The Case of the Driefontein Ramsar Site in Zimbabwe

The paper assesses local people’s perceptions on the impact of drought on wetland ecosystem services and the associated household livelihood benefits, focusing on the Driefontein Ramsar site in Chirumanzu district, Zimbabwe. Field data were obtained using a questionnaire from 159 randomly selected households, key informant interviews and transect walks. The study findings show that provisioning, regulating and supporting services are severely affected by a high frequency of drought, occurring at least once every two years, compared to cultural services. There is a reduction in water for domestic use and crop farming, pasture for livestock, fish, thatch grass and ground water recharge. Although cultural services such as traditional rain-making ceremonies and spiritual enhancement are largely unaffected by drought, the wetland’s aesthetic value was reported to be diminishing. The habitat and breeding areas of endangered crane bird species were perceived to be dwindling, affecting their reproduction. All the household heads are not formally employed and largely depend on the wetland resources for food and income. However, drought is adversely affecting wetland-based agricultural activities that are key pillars of the households’ economy. Therefore, there is a need for alternative livelihood strategies that enable local communities to adapt to drought impacts without exerting more pressure on the declining wetland resources.

Geopolymer binder for pervious concrete

Construction of pervious concrete (PC) pavements is an exclusive and efficient measure for solving environmental problems while also contributing to sustainability. Pervious concrete enables rainwater to percolate into soil thus reducing the storm water runoff and assisting in ground water recharge. It is used for the construction of pedestrian pathways, parking lots, and in various other applications. During the research, the content of coarse aggregate grains in geopolymer binder was varied in order to investigate pervious concrete properties. It was established that pervious concrete with geopolymer binder containing fly ash meets requirements set in regulations, and that it can be used for sustainable pavement construction.

Analysis and Farmers Perception of Climate Change Trends in Kashmir Region of Union Territory-Jammu & Kashmir, India: North Western Himalayas

Analysis of climatic variables is important for detection and attribution of climate change trends and has received a considerable attention from researchers across the globe including India. Kashmir valley of newly formed Union Territory Jammu & Kashmir situated in north western part of India is having a rich repository of glaciers, a small change in the precipitation and temperature management could introduce about environmental, agricultural and economic penalties. To this end, current study aims to analyse changing patterns in precipitation and temperature variables over the various elevation zones of the Kashmir Valley using long term precipitation and temperature data obtained from National Data Centre, Indian Meteorological Department (IMD), Pune for the period of 40 years (1980–2019). The results revealed that average mean minimum and maximum temperature of the Kashmir valley has increased substantially at a rate of 0.02oC/year. Warming trends has been observed in all seasons, however, winter and spring season temperatures have shown statistically significant increasing trends. In addition, mean maximum and minimum temperature in plain and mountain areas have reported higher rates of increase in comparison to Karewah’s and foothill areas of Kashmir. Study of annual precipitation results for the same period indicates a diminishing pattern with a rate of -5.01 mm/year. Seasonal precipitation was also found decreasing at rate of -4.95, -0.30, -0.28 and − 0.06 mm/year for the spring, winter, autumn and summer seasons respectively and at different elevation zones, higher rates of precipitation decline have been observed in the mountainous area, which can be very detrimental to the agricultural crops of the Kashmir valley through water supply, climate regulation and ground water recharge. Further, the above statistical test results of increase in temperature and decrease in precipitation over different topographical zones of Kashmir were corroborated with the information attained from interview and involvement of the small farmer holders of 06 different locations representing the whole Kashmir and has been discussed in this paper to get a clearer understanding of climate change related instability and patterns in weather variables in the Kashmir Valley.