Implementation of a COVID-19 Screening Testing Program in a Rural, Tribal Nation: Experience of the San Carlos Apache Tribe, January–February 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected tribal populations, including the San Carlos Apache Tribe. Universal screening testing in a community using rapid antigen tests could allow for near–real-time identification of COVID-19 cases and result in reduced SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Published experiences of such testing strategies in tribal communities are lacking. Accordingly, tribal partners, with support from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, implemented a serial testing program using the Abbott BinaxNOW rapid antigen test in 2 tribal casinos and 1 detention center on the San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation for a 4-week pilot period from January to February 2021. Staff members at each setting, and incarcerated adults at the detention center, were tested every 3 or 4 days with BinaxNOW. During the 4-week period, 3834 tests were performed among 716 participants at the sites. Lessons learned from implementing this program included demonstrating (1) the plausibility of screening testing programs in casino and prison settings, (2) the utility of training non–laboratory personnel in rapid testing protocols that allow task shifting and reduce the workload on public health employees and laboratory staff, (3) the importance of building and strengthening partnerships with representatives from the community and public and private sectors, and (4) the need to implement systems that ensure confidentiality of test results and promote compliance among participants. Our experience and the lessons learned demonstrate that a serial rapid antigen testing strategy may be useful in work settings during the COVID-19 pandemic as schools and businesses are open for service.

Memory, art and intergenerational transmission. Artistic practices with young people in memory sites in Argentina

This text analyzes recent experiences with young people from Middle Schools of the city of Buenos Aires (Argentina) in Memory Sites of this city. Our inquiry is interested in the intergenerational transmission referring to the traumatic past around the last military dictatorship established in Argentina between 1976 and 1983. With this interest, two experiences designed through artistic languages are analyzed: the Posters Project from the Memory Park and the use of poetry in the guided visits to the Memory Site at "El Olimpo", former Clandestine Detention Center for Torture and Extermination, both spaces of the city of Buenos Aires.

Prevalence Rates and Evolution of Psychiatric Disorders Among Incarcerated Youths in Comparison With Non-incarcerated Youths

Background: Our main objective was to provide estimates of the prevalence rates of psychiatric disorders and comorbidities among youths in a juvenile detention center in Geneva, Switzerland. We also aimed to investigate potential positive effects of intensive psychotherapeutic and educational services this center provides. Finally, we examined psychiatric care prior to and after custody as well as the evolution of the youths' mental health during detention.Methods: We conducted a longitudinal study including a group of incarcerated (n = 86) and a group of non-incarcerated (n = 169) youths (12–18 years old). Measures included diagnoses of psychiatric disorders, cognitive functions, trauma, psychopathic traits and the Youth Self-Report (aggressive behavior, attentional disorders, criminal behavior, social withdrawal, anxiety, depression and somatic complaints) collected at baseline and at discharge for the incarcerated group. Data were analyzed using mixed-effect models.Results: Psychiatric disorders were prevalent in the incarcerated group (82.6, 95% CI: 71.6–90.7%), but young people also often suffered from several disorders simultaneously. Two-thirds of the incarcerated participants had a diagnosis of two or more psychiatric disorders. Regarding health care, most incarcerated participants (79.1%) had psychiatric care prior to detention. The planned care after detention was associated with psychiatric comorbidities, care being more likely planned for those with comorbidities (p = 0.030). Compared to the non-incarcerated group, the incarcerated group had lower scores on cognitive functioning (p < 0.001) and higher scores on trauma (p < 0.021) and psychopathic traits (p < 0.034). The youths' stay in the detention center was associated with a positive change of mental health, with externalized problems being significantly reduced at the end of their stay (p = 0.017).Conclusion: Our findings showed that youths in conflict with the law are characterized by (1) their internal vulnerabilities: a high prevalence of psychiatric disorders and psychiatric comorbidities, lower cognitive functions, externalized problems and psychopathic traits; (2) environmental factors: victims of violence and sexual abuse; and (3) their psychiatric history. Besides, the evolution of the most prevalent issues was favorable over time, which puts into question the usual perspective about the deleterious effect of detention.

Re-Mediating Narratives

This chapter draws from the experiences of a veteran educator teaching and learning with youths in a public high school located within a juvenile detention center between 2014-2018. Integrating the discourse of five young people who graduated from high school while in the juvenile detention center, the author demonstrates how the young people confront and re-mediate deficit-based narratives laden with the stereotypes that often surround students with exceptionalities in simultaneous, intersectional ways. Research specifically focused on young people who manage to graduate from high school while attending schools in JDCs (especially youth who identify as disabled or have been identified as having a disability) is significantly sparse. Furthermore, disability is often missing during analyses of incarceration and resistance. This chapter seeks to contribute to this understudied domain.

Implementing Response to Intervention (RtI) in a Juvenile Detention Center Using Action Research

While proponents claimed Response to Intervention (RtI) improved student learning and prevented failure, there was an absence of research in effectiveness. Applying action research within a case study, there was an investigation into the process of reforming and improving RtI within a short-term juvenile detention center in the Midwest of the United States for students in grades 5-12. Using the conceptual framework of adaptive leadership, there was an analysis of policies and procedures, observations, interviews, and student work. RtI as a stand-alone program revealed many teachers lacked evidence-based instructional methods and alternative teachers lacked content knowledge, making implementation difficult. Within the action research method, role ambiguity caused problems with fidelity, with the need to infuse strategic leadership with action research when teachers’ sense of self and professional were challenged.

Ontological Captivity

Departing from where Jacques Derrida’s deconstruction of Martin Heidegger’s gender-neutral Dasein left off, this article argues for “ontological captivity” as a critical analytic for questioning Being under conditions of racial capitalism. Based on a broad understanding of the Black Radical tradition, the author argues for the importance of connecting the analysis of ontological difference with the political critique of concrete historical and material conditions that structurally link what it means to be human to overlapping and mutually reinforcing technologies of capture. From the slave ship, the plantation, the reservation, the prison, the detention center, the penal colony, and the concentration camp to the ways in which injurious signifiers fix the body and arrest its mobility, ontological difference should be unthinkable outside a confrontation with its material conditions of possibility and impossibility. These are the material conditions that, from W. E. B. Du Bois’s analysis of the “color-line” to Calvin Warren’s analytic of “onticide,” from Lewis Gordon’s “antiblackness” to Nelson Maldonado-Torres’s “coloniality of being,” and from Hortense Spillers’s “being for the captor” to Zakiyyah Iman Jackson’s “ontological plasticization,” call for a political rather than an ethical interrogation of Being.

Los sueños del castillo: Peuma mestizo y sonoridades rebeldes para una infancia recluida

This work analyzes the documentary Los sueños del castillo (2018) by Chilean filmmaker René Ballesteros, which depicts the daily life of a group of children confined in a state institution for having committed crimes. The documentary focuses on the stories about their dreams that the youths tell each other and the filming crew. It is important that this detention center is located in a Mapuche territory, given the relevance this culture gives to dreams (peuma). Taking Kathryn Bond Stockton’s notion of queer childhood as any defiance to normativity, we articulate a crucial relationship between institutional confinement as punishment for transgression, the interest in dream activity, the horror genre as the aesthetic chosen by the director, and the relevance given to sound throughout the film. --- El presente trabajo analiza el documental Los sueños del castillo (2018) del realizador chileno René Ballesteros, que retrata la vida de un grupo de niños en reclusión en una institución estatal por haber cometido delitos. El documental se centra en los relatos de los sueños que los jóvenes reclusos se narran unos a otros y al equipo realizador. Es importante para la película que el centro de detención esté situado en territorio mapuche, dada la relevancia que esa cultura da a los sueños (peuma). A partir de la noción de infancia queer como desafío de la normatividad, propuesta por Kathryn Bond Stockton, articulamos una relación entre la detención institucional como disciplinamiento de esa transgresión y la perspectiva del documental que trastoca esa coerción a partir del interés por la vida onírica, la elección del género del terror como opción estética en el documental y la relevancia dada en la película a la dimensión sonora.

Meaningful orientations of insulator’s convicts

В статье представлены результаты исследования смысложизненных ориентаций у осужденных следственного изолятора. В исследовании приняли участие 35 осужденных мужского пола в возрасте от 23 до 30 лет, находящихся под стражей по г. Санкт Петербургу и Ленинградской области. Психодиагностические методики исследования: 1) тест смысложизненные ориентации (Д.А. Леонтьев); 2) методика «Пословицы» (C.М. Петрова). Статистическая обработка данных производилась с помощью U-критерий Манна-Уитни для выявления значимости различий. Факторами риска антисоциального поведения осужденных являются психологические; социальные (воспитание в неполной семье, низкий образовательный уровень, низкий уровень материального положения, склонность к антисоциальным рецидивам, повышенная конфликтность). Установлено, что осужденные, совершившие преступления против личности резко отличаются от осужденных, совершивших преступление нападение с целью грабежа по критерию «Процесс жизни», это говорит о том, что осужденные в достаточной степени не довольны своей жизнью. Данные исследования могут быть применены при прогнозировании поведения осужденного в условиях лишения свободы (риск развития суицидального поведения, отношения с другими осужденными, вероятность нарушения распорядка и совершения противоправных действий на территории исправительного учреждения). The article presents the results of a study of life-meaning orientations among convicts in a pre-trial detention center. The study involved 35 male convicts aged 23 to 30, who are in custody in St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region. Psychodiagnostic research methods: 1) test of meaningful life orientations (DA Leontiev); 2) the "Proverbs" technique (SM Petrova). Statistical processing of the data was performed using the Mann-Whitney U-test to identify the significance of differences. The risk factors for antisocial behavior of convicts are psychological; social (upbringing in an incomplete family, low educational level, low level of financial situation, a tendency to antisocial relapses, increased conflict). It has been established that convicts who have committed crimes against the person differ sharply from those who have committed a crime of assault with the purpose of robbery according to the criterion "Process of life", this indicates that the convicts are sufficiently dissatisfied with their lives. These studies can be used to predict the behavior of a convict under conditions of imprisonment (the risk of developing suicidal behavior, relationships with other convicts, the likelihood of disrupting the order and committing illegal actions on the territory of the correctional institution).

Detention Centers als vernetzte Räume des Einschlusses? Eine gouvernementalitätstheoretische Perspektiverweiterung am Beispiel Lesvos

The article examines the strategic role of detention in the Reception and Identification Center on Lesvos, Greece. Basing on works on detention in carceral geography, I will additionally use the theoretical framework of governmentality. It becomes clear that the detention center on Lesvos serves as a spatial configuration of localization and circulation of asylum seekers framed as belonging to countries with low recognition rate. This is mainly enhanced through confinement, forced or controlled mobilisation as well as the control of flows of assistance and information through containment. In conclusion, certain modes of circulation and mobilization through enclosure can be identified through combination and mutual fertilisation of carceral geography and governmentality.

Implementing Response to Intervention (RtI) in a Juvenile Detention Center Using Action Research

While proponents claimed Response to Intervention (RtI) improved student learning and prevented failure, there was an absence of research in effectiveness. Applying action research within a case study, there was an investigation into the process of reforming and improving RtI within a short-term juvenile detention center in the Midwest of the United States for students in grades 5-12. Using the conceptual framework of adaptive leadership, there was an analysis of policies and procedures, observations, interviews, and student work. RtI as a stand-alone program revealed many teachers lacked evidence-based instructional methods and alternative teachers lacked content knowledge, making implementation difficult. Within the action research method, role ambiguity caused problems with fidelity, with the need to infuse strategic leadership with action research when teachers’ sense of self and professional were challenged.