Mothering against motherhood: doula work, xenohospitality and the idea of the momrade

Today, a new vein of queer Marxist-feminist family-abolitionist theorising is reviving contemporary feminists’ willingness to imagine, politically, what women's liberationists in the 1970s called ‘mothering against motherhood’. Concurrently, the jokey portmanteau ‘momrade’, i.e. mom + comrade, has circulated persistently in the twenty-first century on online forums maintained by communities of mothers and/or leftists. This article asks: what if, in the name of abolishing the family, we took the joke entirely seriously? What makes a ‘mom’ a ‘momrade’, or vice versa? In what ways does the work of reproduction, conceivably, actively participate in class struggles, producing new worlds (and un-producing others)? How do the collective arts of mothering unmake selves? And how does the verb ‘to mother’ work to abolish the present state of things? The chosen point of departure for exploring these questions is the concept of xenohospitality; a term I borrow from Helen Hester – one of the authors of the Xenofeminist Manifesto – who defines it as openness to the alien, a definition I link closely to ‘comradeliness’. Further, the meaning of the term ‘family abolition’, here, is aptly summed up by the formula ‘xenofam ≥ biofam’; to abolish the family is not to destroy relationships of care and nurturance, but on the contrary, to expand and proliferate them. Reflecting on the conditions of possibility for such universally xenofamilial – that is to say, comradely – kin relations, this article implicitly argues for utopia(nism) in feminist kinship studies. It grounds this utopianism, however, in first-hand experiences of informal ‘death doula’ labour. The labour of mothering one's mother is offered as a potential practice of un-mothering oneself and others. In fact, the argument pivots on these auto-ethnographic observations about maternal bereavement, because the event of the author's mother's death interrupted and intruded upon the feminist theorising involved.

Hidropolítica neoliberal en Chile y el secuestro hídrico en el Valle de Copiapó: Trayectorias, dinámicas y narrativas en tensión, una perspectiva de coyuntura histórica

Resumen En este artículo, y desde un abordaje regional situado en el valle de Copiapó en la Región de Atacama en el norte de Chile, efectuamos un análisis del periodo de desarrollo del neoliberalismo en clave ambiental como una coyuntura histórica, en la que nos concentramos en el metabolismo económico, material y po­lítico institucional entre sociedad y medioambiente. Específicamente, analizaremos como el agua, es so­metida a un proceso de privatización y mercantilización, constituyendo las silenciosas bases del metabo­lismo extractivo en el marco del desarrollo y transformación de la industria minera y agroindustrial, que implicó una intensificación radical del consumo industrial de agua, paralelo a un aumento exponencial de la acumulación capitalista y a una simultánea hiper-desertificación artificial de una zona ya naturalmente desértica. Hipotetizamos que la acumulación por desposesión hídrica solo fue posible teniendo como condiciones de posibilidad y origen re fundacional, a las transformaciones institucionales radicales reali­zadas sin posibilidad de discusión democrática y en un contexto de represión y violencia política, con lo que el análisis de la dimensión ambiental del presente no puede disociarse de los contextos políticos sub­yacentes y sus trayectorias en términos de un abordaje de análisis de procesos de duración media en términos braudelianos. Palabras clave: hidropolítica; secuestro hídrico; coyuntura; violencia; neoliberalismo. Resumo Neste trabalho, a partir de uma abordagem regional localizada no vale de Copiapó, Região do Atacama, norte do Chile, realizamos uma análise ambiental no período histórico de desenvolvimento do neolibera­lismo no Chile, na qual enfocamos o metabolismo econômico, material e político-institucional entre soci­edade e meio ambiente. Especificamente, analisamos como a água está submetida a um processo de pri­vatização e comercialização, constituindo as bases silenciosas do metabolismo extrativo no quadro do desenvolvimento e transformação da indústria mineira e agroindustrial, o que implicou uma intensifica­ção radical do consumo industrial de água, paralelo a um aumento exponencial da acumulação capitalista e a uma simultânea hiperdesertificação artificial de uma área já naturalmente deserta. Hipotetizamos que o acúmulo por expropriação da água só foi possível tendo como condições de possibilidade e origem refundacional, as radicais transformações institucionais realizadas iniciadas na ditadura e consolidadas nos governos pós-ditatoriais, com as quais a análise da dimensão ambiental do presente não pode ser dissociada dos contextos políticos subjacentes e de suas trajetórias em termos de uma abordagem de análise de processo de média duração em termos braudelianos. Para isso, analisamos o fenómeno desta­cando duas ordens distintas, mas ligadas: 1) uma, relativa às trajetórias político-institucionais sob uma perspectiva histórica, considerando dimensões escalares em dimensiones políticas, econômicas e ambi­entais; 2) outra, sociopolítica e narrativa, ao abordar discursos e narrativas promovidos pelo capital, como formas ideológicas de despolitização da crise, Por outro lado, a emergência de narrativas de contestação desde as comunidades e atores locais, que vão da narrativa do desaparecimento do rio à do sequestro da água. Finalmente, destacamos que, ainda que não haja relação causal entre o sentido semântico obser­vado, tanto o desaparecimento como o sequestro são narrativas que podem estar vinculadas à violência política originária da ditadura y a luta pelos Direitos Humanos, com o desaparecimento e sequestro de pessoas no âmbito da repressão política, paralela aos processos de transformação económica que leva­ram à reconfiguração silenciosa entre capital e meio ambiente no Chile. Em termos de periodização da conjuntura estudada, apesar de não estar estruturada de forma sequencial, se incluem eventos e proces­sos que envolvem o desenvolvimento da conjuntura neoliberal desde a execução do golpe de Estado contra Salvador Allende em 1973, do desenvolvimento de transformações jurídicas e econômicas da dita­dura militar e da consolidação neoliberal na transição pós-ditatorial, até o denominado estallido social de outubro de 2019 e o posterior processo constituinte em 2020/2021 Palavras-chave: hidropolítica; sequestro de água; conjuntura; violência; neoliberalismo. Neoliberal hydropolitics in Chile and the water kidnapping in Copiapó Valley: Trajectories, dynamics and narratives in tension, an historical conjuncture approach Abstract In this work and from a regional approach located in the Copiapó valley in the Atacama Region in northern Chile, we carry out an analysis of the period of development of neoliberalism in an environmental key as a historical conjuncture, in which we focus on metabolism economic, material and institutional political between society and environment. Specifically, we will analyze how water is subjected to a process of privatization and commercialization, constituting the silent bases of the extractive metabolism in the framework of the development and transformation of the mining and agro-industrial industry, which implied a radical intensification of the industrial consumption of water, parallel to an exponential increase in capitalist accumulation and to a simultaneous artificial hyper-desertification of an already naturally desert area. We hypothesize that the accumulation by water dispossession was only possible having as conditions of possibility and re-foundational origin, the radical institutional transformations carried out initiated in the dictatorship and consolidated in the post-dictatorial governments, with which the analysis of the environmental dimension of the present does not it can be dissociated from the underlying political contexts and their trajectories in terms of a medium-duration process analysis approach in Braudelian terms. Keywords: hydro-politics; water kidnapping; conjuncture; violence; neoliberalism.

Labour in transition: A value-theoretical approach to renewable energy labour

This article analyses the conditions facing labour within the renewable energy (RE) accumulation strategies of electricity capital. We draw on value-theoretical perspectives developed within Marxist and feminist political economy to understand how labour is being reorganised within the transition to RE. We use value theory to identify key dimensions of RE labour across the exploitation of wage labour and the appropriation of labour-in-nature. We apply this lens to data from existing academic and policy studies on ‘employment’ and ‘environmental’ issues in RE value chains. We connect evidence on formal labour market issues such as employment numbers, job quality, and labour organising and state regulation, with research on the socio-ecological conditions of possibility for RE across materials, land and households. We argue that value theory reveals how distributive and sustainability outcomes of RE are a product of how labour is organised in the energy transition. We finish with considerations for union and social movement strategy regarding the scale and scope of green labour agendas within and beyond energy.

The violence of the event: ontology, ethics, and politics in Zizek

The article presents the guidelines of the Slovenian philosopher Slavoj Zizek’s ontology, in order to understand his unique conception of violence, as well as the respective ethical and political consequences. For him, violence is not necessarily destructive, as there is a productive form of violence: transcendental violence, which involves both breaking the coordinates and building the conditions of possibility for the emergence of a new event. However, although he came to formulate, based on the examples of Socrates, Jesus and Gandhi, the idea of a violent pacifism, Zizek does not distinguish between antagonism and agonistic and, thus, loses sight of the strategic possibility of an agonistic pacifism.

Will and Volition: Personal Conditions of Possibility of Being an Agent

Will is a very old important philosophical concept, an analysis of which is very specific, if not odd, comparatively with the others (when it fruitfully proceeds in terms of criteria). This concept (‘will’) is going to be used to provide and clarify conditions of possibility for person of being an agent. In doing that I refer to the correspondent pieces of Wittgenstein’s Tractatus and Philosophical Investigations; and to their interpretations by M. Alvarez in “Wittgenstein on Action and Will” (2009) and D. K. Levy in “Morality without Agency” (2017). Person is essentially constituted by ‘powerless’ will in terms of ‘understanding’ that is experienced during her life. Action depends on and manifests understanding by will of a personal attitude to some states of affairs. Will does not incline a person to particular desires about preferable states of affairs or actions. Will is not about states of affairs. By willing I value the world, its portions, they appear significant, important to me. Volition is treated as related to will. Both are personal conditions of being an agent with priority of agency as capacity realized by rational actions.

Ethical infrastructure: Halal and the ecology of askesis in Muslim Russia

This article explores the ecology of late-modern askesis through the concept of ‘ethical infrastructure’: the array of goods, locales, technologies, procedures, and sundry pieces of equipment upon which the possibility of ethicists’ striving is premised. By looking at the ethnographic case of halal living among Muslim pietists in post-Soviet Tatarstan (Russia), I advance a framework that highlights the ‘profane’, often unassuming or religiously unmarked, yet essential material scaffolding constituting the ‘material conditions of possibility’ for pious life in the lifeworld of late modernity. Halalness is conceptualised not as an inherent quality of a clearly defined set of things, but as a (sometimes complicated) relationship between humans, ethical intentionality, and infrastructurally organised habitats. Pointing beyond the case of halal, this article syncretises theories of self-cultivation, material religion, ethical consumption, and infrastructure to address current lacunas and explore fresh theoretical and methodological ground. This ‘ethical infrastructure’ framework enables us to conceptualise the embeddedness of contemporary ethicists in complex environments and the process by which processes of inner self-fashioning change and are changed by material worlds.

Ontological Captivity

Departing from where Jacques Derrida’s deconstruction of Martin Heidegger’s gender-neutral Dasein left off, this article argues for “ontological captivity” as a critical analytic for questioning Being under conditions of racial capitalism. Based on a broad understanding of the Black Radical tradition, the author argues for the importance of connecting the analysis of ontological difference with the political critique of concrete historical and material conditions that structurally link what it means to be human to overlapping and mutually reinforcing technologies of capture. From the slave ship, the plantation, the reservation, the prison, the detention center, the penal colony, and the concentration camp to the ways in which injurious signifiers fix the body and arrest its mobility, ontological difference should be unthinkable outside a confrontation with its material conditions of possibility and impossibility. These are the material conditions that, from W. E. B. Du Bois’s analysis of the “color-line” to Calvin Warren’s analytic of “onticide,” from Lewis Gordon’s “antiblackness” to Nelson Maldonado-Torres’s “coloniality of being,” and from Hortense Spillers’s “being for the captor” to Zakiyyah Iman Jackson’s “ontological plasticization,” call for a political rather than an ethical interrogation of Being.

Six Senses of Critique for Critical Phenomenology

What is the meaning of critique for critical phenomenology? Building on Gayle Salamon’s engagement with this question in the inaugural issue of Puncta: A Journal for Critical Phenomenology (2018), I will propose a six-fold account of critique as: 1) the art of asking questions, moved by crisis; 2) a transcendental inquiry into the conditions of possibility for meaningful experience; 3) a quasi-transcendental, historically-grounded study of particular lifeworlds; 4) a (situated and interested) analysis of power; 5) the problematization of basic concepts and methods; and 6) a praxis of freedom that seeks not only to interpret the meaning of lived experience, but also to change the conditions under which horizons of possibility for meaning, action, and relationship are wrongfully limited or foreclosed. While the first two dimensions of critique are alive and well in classical phenomenology, the others help to articulate what is distinctive about critical phenomenology.

Uncertain Credit: Melville's Affective Economies

<p>Despite taking place in putatively “lawless” settings, Melville’s maritime fiction maps complex economies of obligation: characters draw up contracts, extend credit, and broker promissory exchanges for goods among themselves, in spite of the absence of any state or legal authority which would enforce their agreements and thereby guarantee the speculative values they call into being. Instead of being underwritten by the law, these contractual relations are characterised by their affective conditions of possibility. In these works, transacting business with strangers in mobile and itinerant spaces requires characters to develop ways of reading the character and creditworthiness of others in order to suppress suspicion and install confidence in its place. Taking “Benito Cereno” (1855) and The Confidence-Man (1857) as its key texts, this thesis tracks these economies of obligation as they emerge in and around Melville’s maritime fictions, which solicit the credit and trust of their readers while continually revising and renegotiating the terms on which that credit is to be extended. By interpolating spurious or broken contracts between characters into the structure of their narratives, these texts foreground the unstable or even illegible terms of the contract which literary texts make with their readers.</p>

Uncertain Credit: Melville's Affective Economies

<p>Despite taking place in putatively “lawless” settings, Melville’s maritime fiction maps complex economies of obligation: characters draw up contracts, extend credit, and broker promissory exchanges for goods among themselves, in spite of the absence of any state or legal authority which would enforce their agreements and thereby guarantee the speculative values they call into being. Instead of being underwritten by the law, these contractual relations are characterised by their affective conditions of possibility. In these works, transacting business with strangers in mobile and itinerant spaces requires characters to develop ways of reading the character and creditworthiness of others in order to suppress suspicion and install confidence in its place. Taking “Benito Cereno” (1855) and The Confidence-Man (1857) as its key texts, this thesis tracks these economies of obligation as they emerge in and around Melville’s maritime fictions, which solicit the credit and trust of their readers while continually revising and renegotiating the terms on which that credit is to be extended. By interpolating spurious or broken contracts between characters into the structure of their narratives, these texts foreground the unstable or even illegible terms of the contract which literary texts make with their readers.</p>