C*-Algebra Valued Modular G-Metric Spaces with Applications in Fixed Point Theory

This article introduces a new type of C*-algebra valued modular G-metric spaces that is more general than both C*-algebra valued modular metric spaces and modular G-metric spaces. Some properties are also discussed with examples. A few common fixed point results in C*-algebra valued modular G-metric spaces are discussed using the “C*-class function”, along with some suitable examples to validate the results. Ulam–Hyers stability is used to check the stability of some fixed point results. As applications, the existence and uniqueness of solutions for a particular problem in dynamical programming and a system of nonlinear integral equations are provided.

Speech Pauses and Pronominal Anaphors

This paper addresses the usefulness of speech pauses for determining whether third person neuter gender singular pronouns refer to individual or abstract entities in Danish spoken language. The annotations of dyadic map task dialogues and spontaneous first encounters are analyzed and used in machine learning experiments act to automatically identify the anaphoric functions of pronouns and the type of abstract reference. The analysis of the data shows that abstract reference is more often performed by marked (stressed or demonstrative pronouns) than by unmarked personal pronouns in Danish speech as in English, and therefore previous studies of abstract reference in the former language are corrected. The data also show that silent and filled pauses precede significantly more often third person singular neuter gender pronouns when they refer to abstract entities than when they refer to individual entities. Since abstract entities are not the most salient ones and referring to them is cognitively more hard than referring to individual entities, pauses signal this complex processes. This is in line with perception studies, which connect pauses with the expression of abstract or complex concepts. We also found that unmarked pronouns referring to an entity type usually referred to by a marked pronoun are significantly more often preceded by a speech pause than marked pronouns with the same referent type. This indicates that speech pauses can also signal that the referent of a pronoun of a certain type is not the most expected one. Finally, language models were produced from the annotated map task and first encounter dialogues in order to train machine learning experiments to predict the function of third person neuter gender singular pronouns as a first step toward the identification of the anaphoric antecedents. The language models from the map task dialogues were also used for training classifiers to determine the referent type (speech act, event, fact or proposition) of abstract anaphors. In all cases, the best results were obtained by a multilayer perceptron with an F1-score between 0.52 and 0.67 for the three-class function prediction task and of 0.73 for the referential type prediction.

Students’ Perception towards Online-Class during COVID-19 Pandemic

Effect of COVID-19 on educational institution has interrupted the traditional method of teaching and learning which ultimately created the demand of online class. In this background, study aim was to find out the perception of students towards online-class during COVID-19 pandemic. The study was based on descriptive research design. The study was carried out by using the structured questionnaire survey, and self-administered online Google firm was developed to collect the data. The data were collected from 109 students of two colleges; one public and one private college. The reliability test of collected data was checked by calculating the Cronbach’s Alpha value. Frequency, percentage, and mean was used to analyze the data. Finding of the study revealed that 81.7% students adopted online class first time in their learning career. However, majority of respondents felt confident to use online-class function and adopt content. Similarly, 58.1% respondents reported that they faced the technical problem during Online-class, more than 59% respondents believed that online class was one of the easiest platforms to share the knowledge and collect the required information. Most of the respondents intended to use online-class platform to enhance their learning and communication skill. One of the main benefits of online class was that it has saved the students from risk of transmission of COVID-19 and contributed to the regularity of teaching and learning of college. Considering such critical time, colleges should provide the adequate knowledge of Information Technology (IT) to their students and teachers to enhance their technical skill.

Maia type fixed point results via C-class function

In 1968, M. G. Maia [16] generalized Banach’s fixed point theorem for a set X endowed with two metrics. In 2014, Ansari [2]introduced the concept of C-class functions and generalized many fixed point theorems in the literature. In this paper, we prove some Maia’s type fixed point results via C-class function in the setting of two metrics space endowed with a binary relation. Our results, generalized and extended many existing fixed point theorems, for generalized contractive and quasi-contractive mappings, in a metric space endowed with binary relation.

Supergene evolution via stepwise duplications and neofunctionalization of a floral-organ identity gene

Heterostyly represents a fascinating adaptation to promote outbreeding in plants that evolved multiple times independently. While l-morph individuals form flowers with long styles, short anthers, and small pollen grains, S-morph individuals have flowers with short styles, long anthers, and large pollen grains. The difference between the morphs is controlled by an S-locus “supergene” consisting of several distinct genes that determine different traits of the syndrome and are held together, because recombination between them is suppressed. In Primula, the S locus is a roughly 300-kb hemizygous region containing five predicted genes. However, with one exception, their roles remain unclear, as does the evolutionary buildup of the S locus. Here we demonstrate that the MADS-box GLOBOSA2 (GLO2) gene at the S locus determines anther position. In Primula forbesii S-morph plants, GLO2 promotes growth by cell expansion in the fused tube of petals and stamen filaments beneath the anther insertion point; by contrast, neither pollen size nor male incompatibility is affected by GLO2 activity. The paralogue GLO1, from which GLO2 arose by duplication, has maintained the ancestral B-class function in specifying petal and stamen identity, indicating that GLO2 underwent neofunctionalization, likely at the level of the encoded protein. Genetic mapping and phylogenetic analysis indicate that the duplications giving rise to the style-length-determining gene CYP734A50 and to GLO2 occurred sequentially, with the CYP734A50 duplication likely the first. Together these results provide the most detailed insight into the assembly of a plant supergene yet and have important implications for the evolution of heterostyly.

A New Approach to Locate Software Vulnerabilities Using Code Metrics

Automatic vulnerabilities prediction assists developers and minimizes resources allocated to fix software security issues. These costs can be minimized even more if the exact location of vulnerability is correctly indicated. In this study, the authors propose a new approach to using code metrics in vulnerability detection. The strength part of the proposed approach lies in using code metrics not to simply quantify characteristics of software components at a coarse granularity (package, file, class, function) such as complexity, coupling, etc., which is the approach commonly used in previous studies, but to quantify extracted pieces of code that hint presence of vulnerabilities at a fine granularity (few lines of code). Obtained results show that code metrics can be used with a machine learning technique not only to indicate vulnerable components wish was the aim of previous approaches but also to detect and locate vulnerabilities with very good accuracy.

Suzuki-type fixed point results in Gb-metric spaces

In this paper, we prove some fixed point theorems for a new type of generalized contractive mappings involving [Formula: see text]-class function, [Formula: see text]-admissible type mapping and Suzuki-type mappings in the frame work of complete [Formula: see text]-metric spaces. The results obtained in this work generalize and improve some fixed point results in the literature.

Teaching Reading Strategically to Black Academic Underachievers

In response to the academic achievement gap of black American students’ vis-à-vis whites and Asians, Paul C. Mocombe developed his Mocombeian Strategy and Reading Room Curriculum, which posit a comprehensive mentoring program of educated black professionals and the restructuring of the linguistic structure of black American inner-city students via phonetic and language arts instructions, as the solutions to resolving the gap. The two approaches are based on Mocombe’s hypothesis that the academic underachievement of black American students, vis-à-vis their white and Asian counterparts, on standardized tests is grounded in what he refers to as “a mismatch of linguistic structure and social class function.” This work explores the theoretical, practical, and pedagogical relationships between Mocombe’s “mismatch of linguistic structure and social class function hypothesis,” The Mocombeian Strategy, and Reading Room Curriculum (published as Mocombe’s Reading Room Series).