The Bronze-Casting Revolution and the Ritual Vessel Set

This chapter analyzes bronze-casting technology, noting that the Erlitou phase is transitional rather than representative of the beginning of bronze-casting. Through analysis of the samples of bronze, slag and mold, the study focuses on production techniques and the evolution of the composition of bronzes, beginning with an initial high copper content to a bronze alloy that gradually stabilizes. Evidence for a bronze workshop, how bronze is melted, and the lack of smelting are reviewed, noting that the source of copper, tin, and lead still needs further study. The formation of the independent Chinese bronze-working tradition appears in the use of the piece-mold casting process. This technical process and philosophical construct, are very different from the technical tradition of ancient Mesopotamia or in the ancient Egyptian region where designs were made after the bronze wares were formed. Bronze production during the Erlitou period shows a high level of organization, indicating that this phase of working bronze follows an earlier and probably longer period of development.

Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Metal Coated Copper Powders

Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) of copper alloys with high copper content is difficult due to the high infrared reflectivity and thermal conductivity of these alloys. In this study a simple and scalable method for coating copper powder with tin and nickel is presented, and suggested as an alloying strategy for such alloys. The coated powders were processed in a commercial L-PBF-machine at various scanning speeds. The samples made from coated powders show a lower amount of porosity compared to samples made from in-situ alloyed powders of similar composition.

Особенности кристаллизации быстрозакаленных аморфных сплавов Ti-=SUB=-50-=/SUB=-Ni-=SUB=-20-=/SUB=-Cu-=SUB=-30-=/SUB=- после кручения под высоким давлением

There is a splitting of crystallization peaks in the region of lower temperatures, that is, regions are formed in which low-temperature crystallization is possible. It was found that HPC causes a decrease in the thermal effect of crystallization upon heating alloys with a high copper content relative to the initial amorphous state obtained after quenching from the melt. After DSC crystallization in the alloy, a structure was formed that is characterized by inhomogeneity in the cross section of the sample with stratification according to the size of the structural elements. In the regions of partial nanocrystallization of the amorphous state after crystallization, a finer-grained structure was formed than in the main bulk of the sample. The obtained results convincingly demonstrate the influence of HPC on the formation of a crystalline structure from amorphous Ti50Ni20Cu30 alloys.

Chapter 11: The Telfer Gold-Copper Deposit, Paterson Province, Western Australia

The giant (>20 Moz) Telfer Au-Cu deposit is located in the Paterson Province of Western Australia and is hosted by complexly deformed marine Neoproterozoic metasedimentary siltstones and quartz arenites. The Telfer district also contains magnetite- and ilmenite-series granitoids dated between ca. 645 and 600 Ma and a world-class W skarn deposit associated with the reduced, ~604 Ma O’Callaghans granite. Based on monazite and xenotime U-Pb geochronology, Telfer is estimated to be older than O’Callaghans, forming between 645 and 620 Ma. Au-Cu mineralization at Telfer is hosted in multistage, bedding-parallel quartz-dolomite-pyrite-chalcopyrite reefs and related discordant veins and stockworks of similar composition that were emplaced into two NW-striking doubly plunging anticlines or domes. Mineralization is late orogenic in timing, with hot (≤460°C), saline (<50 wt % NaCl equiv) ore fluids channeled into preexisting domes along a series of shallow, ENE-verging thrust faults and associated fault-propagated fold corridors. A combination of fault-propagated fold corridors acting as fluid conduits below the apex of the Telfer domes and the rheology and chemical contrast between interbedded siltstone and quartz arenite units within the dome are considered key parameters in the formation of the Telfer deposit. Based on the presence of the reduced Au-Cu-W-Bi-Te-Sn-Co-As assemblage, saline and carbonic, high-temperature hydrothermal fluids in Telfer ore, and widespread ilmenite-series granites locally associated with W skarn mineralization, Telfer is considered to be a distal, intrusion-related gold deposit, the high copper content of which may be explained by the predominance of highly saline, magmatic fluids in gangue assemblages cogenetic with ore.

BaFe1-xCuxO3 Perovskites as Active Phase for Diesel (DPF) and Gasoline Particle Filters (GPF)

BaFe1-xCuxO3 perovskites (x = 0, 0.1, 0.3 and 0.4) have been synthetized, characterized and tested for soot oxidation in both Diesel and Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) exhaust conditions. The catalysts have been characterized by BET, ICP-OES, SEM-EDX, XRD, XPS, H2-TPR and O2-TPD and the results indicate the incorporation of copper in the perovskite lattice which leads to: i) the deformation of the initial hexagonal perovskite structure for the catalyst with the lowest copper content (BFC1), ii) the modification to cubic from hexagonal structure for the high copper content catalysts (BFC3 and BFC4), iii) the creation of a minority segregated phase, BaOx-CuOx, in the highest copper content catalyst (BFC4), iv) the rise in the quantity of oxygen vacancies/defects for the catalysts BFC3 and BFC4, and v) the reduction in the amount of O2 released in the course of the O2-TPD tests as the copper content increases. The BaFe1-xCuxO3 perovskites catalyze both the NO2-assisted diesel soot oxidation (500 ppm NO, 5% O2) and, to a lesser extent, the soot oxidation under fuel cuts GDI operation conditions (1% O2). BFC0 is the most active catalysts as the activity seems to be mainly related with the amount of O2 evolved during an. O2-TPD, which decreases with copper content.

Electrodeposition of nanowires of a high copper content thiourea precursor of copper sulfide

In this study we reported the pulsed electrodeposition technique of copper thiourea complex nanowires which is an important material class for application as a precursor of copper sulfide nanocrystals with potential use in solar cells, optoelectronics, medicine, etc.