The Use of Polymer Materials in the Composition of Asphalt Concrete

The research presented in the article shows the possibility of using some polymer materials in the composition of asphalt concrete. The analysis of scientific works in the field of asphalt concrete design shows the efficiency of using plastic waste to obtain asphalt concrete with specified physical, mechanical and operational properties. This technology allows not only to reduce the amount of accumulated plastic waste, but also to improve the condition of highways by increasing the strength of asphalt concrete. Polymers PP and LDPE were selected for the study. As PP samples, we used a nonwoven material used for the production of disposable medical masks, which is suitable for creating linear or dispersed reinforcement of asphalt concrete. LDPE was used as the second polymer sample. The obtained asphalt concrete samples differ from the traditional composition by their increased compressive strength at high temperatures while maintaining plasticity at low temperatures.

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ СОРБЦІЙНИХ ВЛАСТИВОСТЕЙ ВОЛОКНИСТИХ МАТЕРІАЛІВ, МОДИФІКОВАНИХ ГЛИНИСТИМИ МІНЕРАЛАМИ

The paper presents the results of determining the sorption properties of nonwoven materials modified with clay minerals, obtained on the basis of fibrous waste, in relation to the methylene blue indicator to determine the possibility of using the created materials in the purification of light industry wastewater from dyes and heavy metal ions.Purpose. Determination of kinetic regularities of sorption (by methylene blue) of fibrous nonwoven materials modified with different types and amounts of clay adsorbents.Methodology. Nonwovens obtained from elastic fibrous waste of the textile industry were used as a basis in the work. They consisted of Lycra 162 C (PU) complex fibers and Nylon 6.6 f20 / 1 (PA-6.6) fibers in a ratio of 70/30 wt. %. For bonding the nonwoven material, adhesive bicomponent fibers Acebon 4/51 black (4 den) (BVCh) (20 wt%) were added to the initial composition. To enhance the sorption capacity of the PU / PA / BV 80/20 fabric, powders of montmorillonite clay (clay grade PBA-18) and palygorskite (clay grade PP-5) type were introduced in an amount of up to 40% by weight of the nonwoven material. Evaluation of the sorption properties of modified fibrous materials with different clay adsorbents was performed by determining the change in the optical density of MS solutions of a given concentration.Scientific novelty. It was found that fibrous materials modified by the studied samples of montmorillonite and paligorskite clays show high absorption capacity relative to the methylene blue dye due to its multilayer sorption. After 24 hours of processing, the degree of absorption is 70% when using clay brand PBA-18 in the amount of 40% by weight of the fibrous material, which is higher than when using clay brand PP-5 (45%) under the same conditions.Practical value. Sorption materials modified with clay minerals can be further used to treat wastewater from light and chemical industries from heavy metal ions.

Research of protective and operational properties of sorption-filtering textile material

The article presents the results of a study on the functionalisation of synthetic textile materials with spherical activated carbon using an adhesive to create personal protective equipment based on Russian components. These materials are of particular relevance in the production of sorption and filtering personal protective equipment, which must have, along with high protective characteristics, high performance properties, vapour and air permeability. In the course of the work, the influence of the plasma of a capacitive high-frequency and low-pressure discharge on the modification of the base material was investigated. It has been proven that plasma treatment of polyester nonwoven material accelerates sorption processes, ensures uni-form coverage of fibres with a binder, which allows maintaining the material's air permeability. The results of studies of the material for the time of protective action on ammonia demonstrated the prospects for the development of Russian sorption-filtering textile material on a non-woven polyester base with a monolayer of granular activated carbon fixed on a polymer binder.

МULTI-LAYER FIBROUS MATERIAL BASED ON TEXTILE WASTE

At the textile and sewing and knitting enterprises of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the number of which increases every year, a sufficient amount of technological waste is accumulated, which formed in the processes of sizing yarn, starting and setting up equipment, designing and sewing products. Meanwhile, there is a shortage of warm, comfortable, light, soft lining materials for clothes and shoes based on natural raw materials. With the purpose of rational use of textile waste - shredded, disheveled scraps of fabric and knitwear, a multilayer nonwoven material for details of clothing and footwear has been obtained. The material formed by adhesive bonding on one or both sides of the knitted fabric of the main, voluminous nonwoven layer, consisting of shredded textile waste. The bonding of the layers takes place as a result of their passing between heated rolls. The microstructure of the material studied by Fourier-IR spectroscopy and

Effect of the Fibre Orientation Distribution on the Mechanical and Preforming Behaviour of Nonwoven Preform Made of Recycled Carbon Fibres

Recycling carbon-fibre-reinforced plastic (CFRP) and recovering high-cost carbon fibre (CF) is a preoccupation of scientific and industrial committees due to the environmental and economic concerns. A commercialised nonwoven mat, made of recycled carbon fibre and manufactured using carding and needle-punching technology, can promote second-life opportunities for carbon fibre. This paper aims to evaluate the mechanical and preforming behaviour of this nonwoven material. We focus on the influence that the fibre orientation distribution in the nonwoven material has on its mechanical and preforming behaviour at the preform scale, as well as the tensile properties at composite scale. The anisotropy index induced by fibre orientation is evaluated by analysing SEM micrographs using the fast Fourier transform (FFT) method. Then, the anisotropy in the tensile, bending, and preforming behaviour of the preform is inspected, as well as in the tensile behaviour of the composite. Additionally, we evaluate the impact of the stacking order of multi-layers of the nonwoven material, associated with its preferred fibre orientation (nonwoven anisotropy), on its compaction behaviour. The nonwoven anisotropy, in terms of fibre orientation, induces a strong effect on the preform mechanical and preforming behaviour, as well as the tensile behaviour of the composite. The tensile behaviour of the nonwoven material is governed by the inter-fibre cohesion, which depends on the fibre orientation. The low inter-fibre cohesion, which characterises this nonwoven material, leads to poor resistance to tearing. This type of defect rapidly occurs during preforming, even at too-low membrane tension. Otherwise, the increase in nonwoven layer numbers leads to a decrease in the impact of the nonwoven anisotropy behaviour under compaction load.

Preparation and properties of fluffy high-shrinkage polyester/polyamide 6 hollow segmented pie microfiber nonwovens

Bicomponent spunbond hydroentanglement technology can break the interface between the two components by physical extrusion and shearing, thereby realizing the green and efficient production of high-strength microfiber nonwoven materials. Herein, we report a soft and fluffy bicomponent spunbond hydroentanglement nonwoven material using high-shrinkage polyester/polyamide 6 (HSPET/PA6) as the bicomponent. HSPET/PA6 hollow segmented pie composite fibers with different volume ratios were prepared by spunbond technology, the HSPET and PA6 segments were alternately arranged, and the interface was flat. The composite fibers were split by heat treatment. The dry heat shrinkage rates of the composite fibers were 8.45% (50/50) and 10.57% (70/30), and the boiling water shrinkage rates were 10.02% (50/50) and 12.27% (70/30). HSPET/PA6 hollow segmented pie microfiber nonwovens were prepared by hydroentanglement technology. After heat treatment, the fibers of nonwovens were further split and the HSPET fibers curled, giving the nonwovens a fluffy characteristic. By comparing the properties of HSPET/PA6 after heat treatment, the shrinkage effect of the water bath was obviously better than that of dry heat, and the split degree of fibers reached 81.97% (50/50) and 84.65% (70/30). Compared with polyester/PA6 nonwovens, the softness of HSPET/PA6 nonwovens increased by 45.1% (50/50) and 49.3% (70/30) after boiling water shrinkage. At the same time, the mechanical properties of HSPET/PA6 nonwovens were also improved. The successful fabrication of HSPET/PA6 microfiber nonwovens provides a new method for enhancing the softness of bicomponent spunbond hydroentanglement nonwovens.

Analysis of the effect of ionizing radiation on the properties of bulk nonwoven material

At the moment, there is a wide range of bulky nonwovens for various purposes on the market. One of the important areas of using such materials is healthcare. In particular, bulky nonwoven materials are intended for the manufacture of wound dressings, evacuation kits for newborns. Disposable medical devices of this kind are usually subjected to radiation sterilization. As is known from earlier studies, radiation sterilization significantly affects the performance of nonwovens. In this regard, for nonwoven materials for medical use, an important characteristic is the stability of indicators after exposure to radiation sterilization. As a result of the study of bulk nonwovens Holofiber ® after radiation radiation in the dose range from 20-60 kGy, there were no significant changes in operational performance. The stiffness increased by an average of 3-10%. The stiffness indicators after ionizing radiation according to GOST 24684 also meet the requirements. The value of electrification increased due to an increase in the static field under the action of ionizing radiation. It is worth noting that the values of electrification are within the norm established by GOST 32995. The breaking load varies from 1-5%. Thus, non-woven materials Holofiber ® PROFI, article P 35191, Holofiber ® SOFT, article P 5197, Holofiber ® SOFT, article P 5200 are recommended for the production of medical devices.

Influence of Nonequilibrium Low-Temperature Plasma on the Properties of Nonwoven Fabric Based on Polypropylene

Investigation of the effect of low-pressure NLTP in nitrogen, argon, propane-butane and air on the properties of a multilayer medical-purpose material based on polypropylene used for the manufacture of sanitary-hygienic and medical products. It is shown that after plasma treatment of argon, nitrogen, propane-butane, the surface polarity of the CMC material changes significantly, as evidenced by a decrease in the wettability angle and an increase in capillarity. The most significant changes in indicators are observed in the case of plasma treatment in argon and nitrogen. However, in the case of argon, less processing time is required to achieve the effect. Plasma treatment leads to a slight decrease in tensile strength, no more than 10-15%. It is also shown that when plasma is treated in an argon atmosphere, such characteristics of a nonwoven material as air permeability, hygroscopicity increase, and a decrease in rigidity is observed. The study of the structure of the material (pore size) showed that the treatment with NLTP leads to a significant decrease in the size of large pores and an increase in the size of medium and small pores

Study on soil burial biodegradation behaviour on polylactic acid nonwoven material as a replacement for petroleum agricultural plastics

Currently, the issues related to environmental pollution with plastics are a major concern. Agriculture is a vital area forhuman existence, but it generates large amounts of plastic waste. These result from agricultural practices that usesystems and support materials which help facilitate the work of farmers and offer a better yield of production and qualityof crops, in relation to the smaller areas of agricultural land. An alternative can be the use of sustainable textiles thatcan bring multiple benefits to the agricultural sector, including: pollution reduction, biodegradation potential, reducedconsumption of agricultural inputs like pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers and water, high retention potential for water andgood ventilation, increased productivity and quality for the agricultural crops, etc.First of all, this paper discusses the potential use of bio-based and eco-friendly polymers, such as polylactic acid (PLA),in the form of fibres for the production of non-woven textile structures that can be used as a support element inagricultural practices and for the replacement of conventional plastics obtained from oil resources. Secondly, consideringthe advantage of the biodegradation property of this material, the durability and the influence of the location depth in adegrading natural environment such as soil, were the target of experiments to highlight the positive aspects of polylacticacid use in the context of the circular economy. To demonstrate the proposed objectives, different physico-mechanicalanalyses were performed to determine the morphological characteristics of the fibres, the tensile strength, the materialthickness and the possible loss of mass due to microbial activity.