Hunter–gatherer foraging networks promote information transmission

Central-place foraging (CPF), where foragers return to a central location (or home), is a key feature of hunter–gatherer social organization. CPF could have significantly changed hunter–gatherers’ spatial use and mobility, altered social networks and increased opportunities for information-exchange. We evaluated whether CPF patterns facilitate information-transmission and considered the potential roles of environmental conditions, mobility strategies and population sizes. We built an agent-based model of CPF where agents moved according to a simple optimal foraging rule, and could encounter other agents as they moved across the environment. They either foraged close to their home within a given radius or moved the location of their home to new areas. We analysed the interaction networks arising under different conditions and found that, at intermediate levels of environmental heterogeneity and mobility, CPF increased global and local network efficiencies as well as the rate of contagion-based information-transmission. We also found that central-place mobility strategies can further improve information transmission in larger populations. Our findings suggest that the combination of foraging and movement strategies, as well as the environmental conditions that characterized early human societies, may have been a crucial precursor in our species’ unique capacity to innovate, accumulate and rely on complex culture.

Population mobility and sustainable development in the Mamminasata Metropolitan South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Economic growth and urban agglomeration have triggered an increase in the size and mobility of the Metropolitan Mamminasata urban population. This study aims to analyse spatial interactions working as a determinant of connectivity of the transportation system and the growth of suburban areas toward smart and sustainable cities in the Mamminasata Metropolitan urban system and the effects that spatial expansion, spatial integration, urban agglomeration, spatial use, and the transportation system have on population mobility. The research method used is a sequential explanatory design that combines quantitative and qualitative research methods. The results show that the coefficients of determination are as follows: spatial expansion to population mobility – 4.90%, spatial integration to population mobility – 2.99%, spatial interaction to population mobility – 4.87%, urban agglomeration to population mobility – 2.09%, space use to population mobility – 2.64%, and transportation system to population mobility – 5.15%. The results of this study will assist in the formulation of development policies, management of the urban transportation system, and allocation of space utilisation going forward.

Place-making Through Time: Future-proofing Tauranga Borough through the evolution of 'Place Identity'

<p>The water’s edge is a vital element in New Zealand’s natural environments and established communities. Development of industrial infrastructure along this threshold, has left many coastal settlements stagnant and slipping into demise, negatively impacting the connection with the land and people, while industries continue to thrive. This research responds to this problem by exploring the potential of a place’s identity to become a catalyst to moderate the impact of industrial infrastructure on inner city consumption, community engagement and urban use. Tauranga City provides appropriate testing grounds for this research. It has an under-utilized and uninspiring city centre, that suffers from the impact of industrial domination. The lack of diversity in civic and community spaces and opportunity for community engagement and interaction with Tauranga’s water’s edge has encouraged its community to move out of the city into more vibrant neighbouring suburbs and cities. This situation is contributing to the gradual demise of Tauranga City. This investigation considers the studies of Tauranga’s original settlement and evolution to its current condition, before turning to literature on place-making and resiliency for both people and environments. Appropriate and relevant cases from architectural practice, which address these urban issues, have been selected. Applying these studies, a speculative design has been developed which also sources other literature for guidance and idea generation. This has resulted in a process of pro-grammatically representing place identity for spatial use, along with iteratively testing the organization and prioritisation of people and infrastructure within a city centre in a coastal context. Exploring the potential for prioritizing people over infrastructure, has resulted in the realization that we must engage, involve and consult with people to mediate the displaced developments of community and the impact of growth of industrial activity.</p>

Place-making Through Time: Future-proofing Tauranga Borough through the evolution of 'Place Identity'

<p>The water’s edge is a vital element in New Zealand’s natural environments and established communities. Development of industrial infrastructure along this threshold, has left many coastal settlements stagnant and slipping into demise, negatively impacting the connection with the land and people, while industries continue to thrive. This research responds to this problem by exploring the potential of a place’s identity to become a catalyst to moderate the impact of industrial infrastructure on inner city consumption, community engagement and urban use. Tauranga City provides appropriate testing grounds for this research. It has an under-utilized and uninspiring city centre, that suffers from the impact of industrial domination. The lack of diversity in civic and community spaces and opportunity for community engagement and interaction with Tauranga’s water’s edge has encouraged its community to move out of the city into more vibrant neighbouring suburbs and cities. This situation is contributing to the gradual demise of Tauranga City. This investigation considers the studies of Tauranga’s original settlement and evolution to its current condition, before turning to literature on place-making and resiliency for both people and environments. Appropriate and relevant cases from architectural practice, which address these urban issues, have been selected. Applying these studies, a speculative design has been developed which also sources other literature for guidance and idea generation. This has resulted in a process of pro-grammatically representing place identity for spatial use, along with iteratively testing the organization and prioritisation of people and infrastructure within a city centre in a coastal context. Exploring the potential for prioritizing people over infrastructure, has resulted in the realization that we must engage, involve and consult with people to mediate the displaced developments of community and the impact of growth of industrial activity.</p>

Space use and parental care behaviour in Andinobates claudiae (Dendrobatidae)

The selection of habitats with potential reproductive resources may maximize individual reproductive success and overall fitness. Dendrobatid frogs display remarkable parental care which is associated with water bodies (phytotelmata) contained in plants with characteristics that are important to offspring survival. It has been shown that the size of phytotelmata is a key factor that drove the divergence in parental care patterns in poison frogs and that the distribution of reproductive resources can influence space use in these species. Here, we investigated parental care strategies and the influence of reproductive resource distribution on space use patterns in a wild population of Andinobates claudiae in Bocas del Toro, Panama. We identified the phytotelmata characteristics that predict tadpole deposition and analysed the association between the spatial distribution of phytotelmata and spatial use of males and females. Our observations showed that this species mates polygamously and exhibits male parental care. We found that male frogs have smaller kernel density home ranges and core areas compared to females, and that space use is related to the density of Heliconia plants whose axil cavities are used for tadpole rearing. Furthermore, we found that tadpoles were more frequently found in phytotelmata that were at lower heights and contained larger water volumes. Fathers invested time inspecting multiple cavities and travelled further than predicted from their territories to find suitable deposition sites. Our observations suggest a selective choice of phytotelmata regarding tadpole deposition, where distribution and quality of cavities might influence parental care decisions.

Contribution of bearing capacity of land based on engineering geology in regional spatial policy (A study in Semarang City)

The bearing capacity of the land (BCL) is a determining factor for the bearing capacity of the environment. The BCL depends on the resources in the land space, which is called the supply capacity. The capacity of providing BCL for spatial use is determined by the stability of the landmass of the expanse of land, namely engineering geology characteristics. The BCL for the use of space has been based on the land capacity for agriculture and the physical land. There are important things that are not included in the criteria, namely the ability of the land in terms of engineering geology characteristics. Soil samples from the drill were analyzed for soil characteristics. Analysis of field and laboratory tests to get the distribution of the value of BCL, then compiled the map of the BCL of Semarang City at 2.5-5.0 m depth. The BCL value is 0.201–14.248 kg/cm2, settlement value is 0–247.728 cm, duration of decline (DOD) is 0 – 5.147 years. The paper intended to contribute to spatial planning policy thinking, related to the BCL based on engineering geology as a determinant of land capability, an evaluation instrument of space utilization, and fundamental policy formulation.

POLA PEMANFAATAN ALUN-ALUN SEBAGAI RUANG TERBUKA PUBLIK DI KOTA MAGELANG

Alun – alun kota Magelang merupakan salah satu ruang terbuka publik sekaligus Landmark Kota yang sering dikunjung oleh banyak orang, dimana banyak orang melakukan kegiatan sosial, ekonomi, dan berwisata. Setting lingkungan yang ditawarkan pada ruang terbuka publik mempengaruhi bagaimana pelakunya berkegiatan. Adanya kegiatan atraksi wisata, kuliner, permainan anak, dan olahraga menimbulkan adanya pola pemanfaatan ruang yang terjadi pada kawasan tersebut. Pola yang terebentuk didominasi oleh pelaku dan aktivitas yang menimbulkan intensitas kepadatan pada area tertentu. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah teknik behavioral mapping yang bertujuan untuk menggambarkan pola pemanfaatan ruang didalam sebuah peta kemudian mengidentifikasi frekuensi pelaku dan aktivitas yang dilakukan serta menunjukan kaitannya dengan setting lingkungan yang ditawarkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pola pemanfaatan ruang pada area tertentu kemudian memberikan berupa usulan desain yang dapat menunjang kegiatan pelaku dan aktifitas pada alun – alun Kota Magelang. Hasil temuan yang didapat adalah dapat diketahui bahwa, intensitas pemanfaatan ruang tertinggi terdapat pada setting fisik dancing fountain sebagai atraksi wisata yang dapat dinikmati oleh semua kalangan pengguna pada periode waktu akhir pekan.THE PATTERN OF UTILIZING THE PLANES AS A PUBLIC OPEN SPACE IN MAGELANG CITYMagelang City Square is one of the public open spaces as well as a City Landmark that is often visited by many people, where many people carry out social, economic, and tour activities. Environmental settings offered in public open spaces affect how the perpetrators carry out activities. The activities of tourist attractions, culinary delights, children's games, and sports have led to a pattern of spatial use that occurs in the area. The formed pattern is dominated by actors and activities that cause density intensity in certain areas. The analytical method used is the behavioral mapping technique which aims to describe the pattern of spatial use in a map, then identify the frequency of actors and activities carried out and show their relation to the environmental setting offered. The purpose of this study is to determine the pattern of space utilization in a certain area and then provide a form of design proposals that can support the activities of the actors and activities in Magelang City Square. The findings show that the highest intensity of space utilization is found in the physical setting of the dancing fountain as a tourist attraction that can be enjoyed by all users during the weekend.

Effect of Changes Composition and Intensity of Green Space on Surface Temperature: Case Study in Pekalongan Regency, Indonesia

The spatial planning document is planning guidance intended to regulate an area’s spatial use and development planning. This document contains the component that regulates the composition of green space. This composition is designed to maintain the stability of the existing ecosystem quality. Pekalongan is one of the Regency in Central Java Province with environmental problems related to lack of green space area. The existence of ecological degradation makes environmental quality in Pekalongan one that needs to be considered. This study aims to determine the effect of changes in the composition and intensity of green space on surface temperature from these problems. This study will use time-series data during the initial implementation of spatial planning documents (2013) to the current year (2021) to see how changes in the composition and intensity of green space in each sub-district in Pekalongan Regency. The method used is descriptive quantitative with a GIS approach. The result of this study can be a consideration to make policies related to green space.