Conjugacy of yield and its structural elements in spring soft wheat samples

The article presents an analysis of genotypic correlations between the yield of 33 variety samples of spring soft wheat and elements of its structure in the conditions of Penza region, the degree of variability of agronomic valuable traits during the years of research (2018-2020) has been determined. It has been established, that the low-varying agronomic valuable traits (CV = 7.8-9.9 %) include the wheat ear length, number of spikelets in the ear, weight of 1000 grains; moderately varying traits (СV = 13.8-15.6 %) include productive bushiness capacity, the number of grains in the ear and weight of grains in one ear; highly-varying traits (СV = 21.7-22.7 %) include the number of grains per ear and weight of the grain per ear. A strong positive interrelation has been established between the yield of spring soft wheat and the number of grains per ear (r = 0.706...0.816) and weight of grain per ear (r = 0.754...0.875). There has been revealed an average positive interrelation between the yield and the weight of ears (r = 0.467...0.621), the number of spikelets per ear (r = 0.358...0.582), the number of grains per plant (r = 0.446...0.541) and the weight of grain per plant (r = 0.309...0.608). The correlation dependence of yield on productive bushiness (r = 0.091…0.415), ear length (r = 0.074…0.503) and weight of 1000 grains (r = 0.193…0.583) turned out to be unstable. Thus, the formation of grain yield was influenced by the number of grains per ear and the weight of grain per ear. The analysis showed the degree of influence of various elements of productivity on the formation of yield of spring soft wheat variety samples that provides a more targeted selection in the breeding process.

Association of GRIN2A (rs387906637) Gene Polymorphism with Epilepsy Susceptibility

The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between GRIN2A rs387906637 polymorphism and susceptibility to epilepsy. Blood samples were collected from 85 volunteers, dividing into 60 epilepsy patients (34 males and 26 females) and 25 healthy subjects (19 males and 6 females).The DNA was extracted and GRIN2A rs387906637 polymorphism was analyzed by Real-time PCR using two probes and primers. The results showed no significant differences between patients and control samples; therefore, there are no allelic and genotypic correlations of this SNP with epilepsy. This study indicated that GRIN2A rs387906637 polymorphism is not a risk factor for epilepsy in the studied set of patients.

Genetic parameters, selection gains and genotypic correlations in kale half-siblings progenies

The objective of this work is to estimate genetic parameters, direct and indirect selection gains and to study the genotypic correlations in kale half-siblings. A number of 33 half-siblings progenies of kale were evaluated in the years 2015/2016 in Diamantina, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The characteristics evaluated were number of shoots, number of leaves, fresh mass per leaf, leaf yield, plant height, stem diameter, leaf length, limb length, petiole length, diameter of petiole base, diameter of petiole medium and leaf width. The analyzes were performed using mixed models (REML / BLUP) estimating the genetic parameters and the direct and indirect predicted genetic selection gains. A genetic correlation matrix was obtained from the additive genetic values. Genetic variability was observed in the population. The highest predicted gains are obtained by direct selection in the number of leaves. The best indirect selection strategy was based on leaf productivity, as it avoided unfavorable indirect selection gains for the other characteristics, except for plant height. It was also found that the simultaneous selection, based on ranks average, can be efficient, with favorable gain estimates for all characteristics. The correlation study indicated that the associations of higher intensity were established between the number of leaves with the leaf yield and the diameter of the stem.

VARIASI GENETIK, HERITABILITAS, DAN KORELASI GENOTIPIK SIFAT-SIFAT PENTING TANAMAN WIJEN (Sesamum indicum L.)

ABSTRAK<br />Penelitian ini merupakan pengujian terhadap genotip-genotip hasil<br />persilangan tanaman wijen, dengan tujuan mendapatkan informasi<br />mengenai variasi genetik, heritabilitas, dan korelasi genotipik beberapa sifat<br />penting hasil persilangan tanaman wijen. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun<br />Percobaan Pasirian, Lumajang, Jawa Timur pada bulan April 2002 –<br />Agustus 2003. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelom-<br />pok dengan tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) sebagian<br />besar sifat yang diamati mempunyai variasi genetik yang cukup besar, (2)<br />nilai heritabilitas (dalam arti luas) tinggi terdapat pada sifat tinggi tanaman,<br />umur berbunga, umur panen, jumlah cabang per tanaman, jumlah polong<br />per tanaman, panjang polong, berat 1000 biji, dan hasil biji per hektar,<br />sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai kriteria seleksi pada generasi awal, dan<br />(3) korelasi genotipik terhadap hasil biji per hektar terjadi pada sifat tinggi<br />tanaman dan berat 1000 biji pada persilangan Sbr 1 X Si 13, sedangkan<br />pada persilangan Sbr 1 X Si 22, dan Sbr 1 X Si 26 terjadi korelasi genotipik<br />antara hasil biji per hektar dengan tinggi tanaman dan jumlah cabang per<br />tanaman.<br />Kata kunci : Wijen, Sesamum indicum L., persilangan, genotip, variasi<br />genetik, heritabilitas, korelasi genotipik, pertumbuhan, hasil,<br />Jawa Timur<br />ABSTRACT<br />Genetic variations, heritability and genotypic correlations<br />of important characteristics of sesame (Sesamum indicum<br />L.)<br />The experiment was conducted to evaluate genetic variations,<br />heritability, and genotypic correlations of important characteristics of<br />sesame. The experiment was located at Pasirian Research Station,<br />Lumajang, East Java from April 2002 – August 2003. Randomized block<br />design with three replications was used in the experiment. The result of the<br />experiment showed that: (1) generally, the genetic variations for all traits<br />were high enough, (2) the heritability values (in broad sense) on plant<br />height, flowering time, harvest time, number of branches per plant, number<br />of pods per plant, length of pods, 1000-seed weight, and grain yield per<br />hectare were high, indicating that the inheritance of these traits were simple<br />inheritance and selection can be performed in early generation, and (3) in<br />Sbr 1 X Si 13 crosses, plant height and 1000-seeed weight had genotypic<br />correlation with grain yield per hectare, then plant height and number of<br />branches per plant had genotypic correlation with grain yield per hectare in<br />Sbr 1 X Si 22, and Sbr 1 X Si 26 crosses.<br />Key words : Sesame, Sesamum indicum L., crossing, genotype, genetic<br />variations, heritability, genotypic correlation, growth, yield,<br />East Jav

Development of optimal genetic evaluations for teat and udder structure in Canadian Angus cattle

Despite their heritability and influence on female productivity, there are currently no genetic evaluations for teat and udder structure in Canadian Angus cattle. The objective of this study was to develop optimal genetic evaluations for these traits in the Canadian Angus population. Guidelines recommended by Beef Improvement Federation (BIF) were used to score teat and udder structure in 1,735 Canadian Angus cows from 10 representative herds. Cows scored ranged in parity from 1 to 13; however, >70% of cows were parity ≤4. Scores ranged from 1 (large, bottle shaped) to 9 (very small) for teats and from 1 (very pendulous) to 9 (very tight) for udders. Consistent with parity distribution, >70% of teat and udder scores were ≥6. Teat and udder scores (TS9 and US9, respectively) were modeled using a multiple trait animal model with random effects of contemporary group (herd-year-season) and additive genetic effect, and fixed effects of breed, parity group, and days between calving and scoring. To test good versus poor structure, a binary classification of 1 or 2 (TS2, US2) [comprised of scores 1 to 5 = 1 (poor structure) and scores 6 to 9 = 2 (good structure)] was created. Further, to assess the impact of grouping less frequently observed poor scores, a 1 to 7 scale (TS7, US7) was created by combining teat and udder scores 1 to 3. Analyses for teat and udder scores on scales TS9, US9, TS7, US7, and TS2, US2 were compared. In addition, both threshold and linear animal models were used to estimate variance components for the traits. Data treatment and models were evaluated based on correlation of resulting estimated breeding value (EBV) with corrected phenotypes, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, average EBV accuracies (r), and deviance information criteria (DIC). TS9, US9 scales for teat and udder scores and linear models performed best. Estimates of heritability (SE) for teat and udder score were 0.32 (0.06) and 0.15 (0.04), respectively, indicating these traits were moderately heritable and that genetic improvement for teat and udder scores was possible. Estimates of phenotypic and genotypic correlations for teat and udder score were 0.46 (0.02) and 0.71 (0.09), respectively. Estimates of genotypic correlations with birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), and yearling weight (YW), ranged from −0.04 (0.10) to −0.20 (0.12), verifying the importance of selecting for improved teat and udder score as individual traits, alongside performance traits.

Nondestructive Phenomic Tools for the Prediction of Heat and Drought Tolerance at Anthesis in Brassica Species

Oilseed Brassica species are vulnerable to heat and drought stress, especially in the early reproductive stage. We evaluated plant imaging of whole plant and flower tissue, leaf stomatal conductance, leaf and bud temperature, photochemical reflectance index, quantum yield of photosynthesis, and leaf gas exchange for their suitability to detect tolerance to heat (H) and/or drought (D) stress treatments in 12 Brassica genotypes (G). A replicated factorial experiment was set up with 7 d of stress treatment from the beginning of anthesis with various levels of three factors H, D, and G. Most phenomics tools detected plant stress as indicated by significant main effects of H, D, and H×D. Whole plant volume was highly correlated with fresh weight changes, suggesting that whole plant imaging may be a useful surrogate for fresh weight in future studies. Vcmax, the maximum carboxylation rate of photosynthesis, increased rapidly on day 1 in H and H+D treatments, and there were significant interactions of G×H and G×D. Vcmax of genotypes on day 1 in H and H+D treatments was positively correlated with their harvested seed yield. Vcmax on day 1 and day 3 were clustered with seed yield in H and H+D treatments as shown in the heatmaps of genotypic correlations. TPU, the rate of triose phosphate use, also showed significant positive genotypic correlations with seed yield in H+D treatments. Flower volume showed significant interactions of G×H and G×D on day 7, and flower volume of genotypes on day 7 in H was positively correlated with their harvested seed yield. There were few interactions of G×H or G×D for leaf stomatal conductance, leaf and bud temperature, photochemical reflectance index, and quantum yield of photosynthesis. Vcmax, TPU, and volume of flowers are potential nondestructive phenomic traits for heat or combined heat and drought stress tolerance screening in Brassica germplasm.

Correlations and path analysis in soybean progenies with resistance source to cyst nematode (race 3)

Path analysis is an important study that slices the correlation coefficients between two variables to evaluate whether the relationship between them is of cause and effect. This study aimed to estimate the phenotypic and genotypic correlations between agronomic traits and perform a path analysis in order to identify variables for indirect selection aiming at a higher grain yield. Fourteen soybean F6 lines from the soybean breeding program of FCAV–UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil, were analyzed. The experimental design was a randomized block design with three replications. The agronomic traits plant height at maturity (PHM), first pod height (FPH), lodging (Ld), agronomic value (AV), number of pods per plant (NP), number of seeds per plant (NS), and grain yield (GY) were evaluated. Overall, the genotypic correlations were higher than their corresponding phenotypic correlations. The genotypic correlations between grain yield and the traits agronomic value, number of pods per plant, and number of seeds per plant were positive, significant, and of high magnitude. Path analysis showed that the trait number of seeds per plant had the highest direct effect on grain yield, while the trait number of pods per plant had the highest indirect effect through the number of seeds per plant on grain yield