EVALUATION OF GASTROPROTECTIVE POTENTIAL OF CAJANUS CAJAN SEEDS EXTRACT ON ETHANOL-INDUCED GASTRIC ULCER IN ALBINO RATS

Objective: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the gastroprotective potential of Cajanus cajan seed aqueous extract (CCSE) on experimentally induced gastric ulcer in albino rats. Methods: Preliminary acute toxicity study was conducted to determine the oral median lethal dose (LD50). Twenty (20) male rats divided into 5 groups (A-E) of 4 animals each were used. Group A (normal control) and B (ulcer model) received 10ml/kg distilled water. Groups C, D and E received Cimetidine (100mg/kg b.w intraperitoneally), 250mg/kg and 500mg/kg b.w of CCSE orally respectively, once daily for seven (7) days. On Day 8, gastric ulcers were induced in groups B – E using 80% ethanol (1ml/rat) prior to sacrifice. Ulcer indices were determined on excised stomach tissues prior to further processing for histological examination. Results: The LD50 of CCSE is greater than 5g/kg b.w. Cimetidine and CCSE treatments showed statistically significant decrease (p<0.05) in ulcer indices compared to group B (ulcer model). Histological features revealed noticeable preservation of the gastric mucosa in consistence with the macroscopical findings. Conclusion: The present study revealed that C. cajan seed extract possesses gastroprotective properties against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers.

Antioxidant and gastroprotective effects of the ethyl acetate extract from Stemodia maritima L. in ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model

Stemodia maritima L., is a shrub of the Plantaginaceae family, with some biological activities already described, such as: larvicide, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the antioxidant, and gastroprotective activities of the ethyl acetate extract from S. maritima. The phytochemical profile was investigated through the quantification of total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and CCD analysis. The toxicity of the extract was performed through cell viability using L929 line cell, and acute toxicity by the OECD Guide 423. The antioxidant activity was analyzed by the methods of reduction of the ferric ion (FRAP), total antioxidant activity (TAA), and the gastroprotective activity by the absolute ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model, with analysis of NO, MDA, GSH and MPO levels in the stomach tissues. In the phytochemical profile it was possible to identify the presence of flavonoids, triterpenes, steroids, mono, and sesquiterpenes. The extract was not cytotoxic against L929 lineage, maintaining cell viability above 70% at the doses tested, and in acute toxicity it did not show physiological changes indicative of toxicity compared to the control group. The extract presented antioxidant activity of 157.3 ± 9.7 mg equivalent of Trolox/g of extract in the FRAP method, and 50.0 ± 1.1 % by TAA. The ethyl acetate extract of S. maritima, at the doses tested, reduced the ulcerative lesion index compared to the injured control group, increased the levels of NO and GSH, and was able to decrease the concentrations of MDA and MPO, enhancing their gastroprotective activity.

Antiulcer activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Capparis zeylanica against chemically induced ulcers

Background Peptic ulcer is the term which refers to acid peptic injury of the digestive tract, and it results in mucosal break reaching the submucosa. Leaves of Capparis zeylanica are used as counterirritant, rubefacient, as a cataplasm in piles, boils and swellings. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antiulcer activity of C. zeylanica ethanolic extract against chemically induced ulcers. The leaves were extracted with ethanol (50%) as solvent using hot perforation method. The extract was evaluated against acute and chronic ulcer models. Further, extract was evaluated for gastric autopsy of animals infected with Helicobacter pylori bacteria. The genes of rats were evaluated by gel electrophoresis method. Morphology of stomach was also studied after treatment with plant extract. Results Results exhibited that the area of ulcer was significantly reduced in both acute [naproxen-induced ulcer model (3.62 mm2), histamine-induced ulcer model (3.2 mm2) and ethanol-induced ulcer model (106.4 mm2)] and chronic [chronic naproxen-induced ulcer model (2.14 mm2), chronic histamine-induced ulcer model (0.16 mm2)]. The animals of naproxen-induced ulcer infected with H. pylori showed 91.48% reduction of ulcer area on 9th week after treatment with C. zeylanica extract (360 mg/kg). The rapid urease test and DNA observation revealed that no infection was present from 4th week after treatment with C. zeylanica extract (480 mg/kg). Morphological studies showed less conspicuous petechial marks and hemorrhages in stomach tissues after treatment with test drugs. Histopathological study revealed that C. zeylanica extract reduced stomach damages and eradicated H. pylori infections. Conclusion It can be concluded from the study that C. zeylanica possess antiulcer and anti-helicobacter activities.

Antiulcer activity of Lagerstroemia indica leaves in Indomethacin Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats

Lagerstroemia indica, is a natural plant which have traditional use from the ancient medicine for the treatment of many diseases. The gastroprotective effect of methanolic extract of Lagerstroemia indica and the possible mechanisms used to investigated the ulcer activity through indomethacin-induced ulcer model. Method: male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: (normal control, n=6), (standard omeprazole group, n=6) and (extract group, n=6). Each of control, omeprazole and extract were administered orally to the rats daily for 21 days before the induction of ulcer with the help of indomethacin. On the 21 days indomethacin was administered with single oral dose (20mg/kg). Four hours later after the administration of indomethacin dose treatment, the rats were sacrificed and gastric tissue was taken for histopathological investigation for the calculation of pH, ulcer inhibition, ulcer index. The observation significantly increased (p < 0.01) value that reduced the ulcer by the treatment with Lagerstroemia indica. Result: The result indicates the antiulcer effect of the Lagerstroemia indica extracts showed significant effect during comparision with control and standard group. The data of study revealed that the extracts of Lagerstroemia indica proved to show control over the model of indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration which gives potent activity against ulceration.

Hydromethanolic Crude Extract of the Leaf of Urtica simensis Hochst. ex. A. Rich. (Urticaceae) Acquires Appreciable Antiulcer Effect: Validation for In Vivo Antiulcer Activity

Background. Urtica simensis has been used for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease in Ethiopian folkloric medicine by drinking its juice after boiling the semicrushed leaf. To our latest understanding, no in vivo study was available regarding its antiulcer activity. The present study was done to appraise the ulcer-protective and ulcer healing activity of hydromethanolic crude extract of leaf of U. simensis in rats. Methods. Preliminary qualitative phytochemical screening and oral acute toxicity were carried out using a standard protocol. To validate U. simensis in vivo antiulcer potential pyloric ligature, cold restraint stress and acetic acid-induced ulcer models were employed. The extracts (100, 200, and 400 mg per kg of body weight per day), standard treatment (omeprazole 20 mg/kg/day), and vehicle (distilled water 10 ml/kg/day) were given to treatment, positive, and negative controls by oral gavage, respectively. Parameters were then evaluated accordingly after the humane scarification of rats. Results. Any sign of toxicity was not observed in the oral acute toxicity test. The crude extracts exerted a significant ( P < 0.05 ) inhibition of ulcer risk compared to the negative control. In the pylorus ligation-induced ulcer model, its antisecretory activity was in a dose-dependent manner. The highest gastroprotective effect (67.68%) was exhibited by the 400 mg/kg/day dose of 80% methanolic crude extract. Regarding the chronic ulcer model, treatment at a dosage of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day cures ulcers by 33.54%, 58.33%, and 67.07%, respectively, as compared to the negative control groups remarkably. Conclusion. The findings of the present study confirmed the safety and a promising in vivo ulcer healing and antiulcerogenic activity of U. simensis, thus supporting the traditional claim. In-depth investigations on the plant, however, are highly recommended.

Lupeol Stearate Accelerates Healing and Prevents Recurrence of Gastric Ulcer in Rodents

The gastric healing and gastric ulcer recurrence preventive effect of Lupeol Stearate (LS) was measured in this study. To evaluate the gastric healing effect, rats were submitted to the 80% acetic acid-induced ulcer model and treated with vehicle (1 ml/kg, p.o.), LS (1 mg/kg, p.o.) or omeprazole (20 mg/kg, p.o.) twice a day for seven days. The gastric injury was evaluated macroscopically, histologically and histochemical; and biochemical parameters were also quantified. To evaluate the effects of LS on gastric ulcer recurrence, mice were ulcerated by gastric instillation of 10% acetic acid and treated with vehicle (1 ml/kg, p.o.), LS (1 mg/kg, p.o.) or ranitidine (20 mg/kg, p.o.) twice a day for ten days. Then, the ulcer recurrence in these animals was induced by IL- 1β (1 µg/kg i.p) at five day after the end of the treatment period. The area of the lesion recurred were measured, as well as the activity of myeloperoxidase and TNF levels. Oral treatment with LS accelerated gastric healing by 63% compared to the group treated with vehicle, which was also evidenced by histological improvement and increased production of mucin in the gastric epithelium. LS elevated the activity of the glutathione S-transferase and reduced the activity of myeloperoxidase, but did not change the levels of reduced glutathione or the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase at the ulcer site in rats. Regarding the recurrence, the LS treatment reduced the recurred lesions, reducing MPO activity but not TNF levels at ulcer site. It can be concluded that LS promotes the healing of gastric lesions by favoring the mucus production and reducing the migration of neutrophils and that it can reduce the severity of the ulcer recurrence.