Performance Evaluation of Textile Effluent Treatment Plant: Bangladesh Perspective

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the performance efficiency of an Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) of a Textile industry located at Tongi, Bangladesh with biological treatment (BT) and Membrane Bio-Reactor (MBR) with an average inflow of 300 m3/hr. The effluent samples were collected from the inlet and outlet of the ETP on a weekly basis for a 4 weeks’ period and were analysed for key parameters such as colour, temperature, total suspended solids (TSS), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). In this study, it was observed that the colour of the effluent in the inlet was dark blue and after multiple unit treatments of the colour’s final outlet the discharge, water colour was very light purple. The temperature was varied from 32.2⁰C to 34.33⁰C. The TDS was varied from 1252.5 mg/l to 1087.5 mg/l and the percentage removal efficiency of TDS was varied from 21.47% to 42.7%. The TSS was varied from 4 mg/l to 4.5 mg/l and the percentage removal efficiency of TSS was varied from 98.48% to 98.21%. The pH value was varied from 6.48 to 7.63. The DO value in the inlet was varied from 6.47 mg/l to 6.775 mg/l. The BOD was recorded from 12.75 mg/l to 17.75 mg/l and the percentage removal efficiency of BOD was varied from 89.92% to 87.24%. The COD was varied from 33.75 mg/l to 34.25 mg/l and the percentage removal efficiency of COD was varied from 91.11% to 90.5%. It is conjectured that the values of the measured parameters are seen to be within the permissible limit as per the standard of the Department of Environment (DoE) of Bangladesh.

Analytical Instrumentation Techniques of FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and EDX for Adsorption Methods of Ni2+ Ions onto Low Cost Adsorbent

The present study investigates the possible removal of Ni2+ ions from aqueous solution by using low-cost Hygrophila auriculata activated nano carbon (HA-ANC) as an adsorbent. The activated nano carbon had been prepared from Hygrophila auriculata stem waste as well; the raw material was carbonized with con. H2SO4 and activated by thermal action. Batch experiments were performed in order to calculate the percentage removal of Ni2+ ions for 90.737% at 60 oC. The properties of treated carbon and untreated carbon are compared using instrumental techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, SEM and EDX, which confirms Ni2+ ions adsorption onto HA-ANC. FT-IR showed that the surface of HA-ANC had more oxygen containing functional groups which enhanced the adsorption of Ni2+. XRD showed the nature of adsorbent, SEM images implies morphological deviance of before and after adsorption of Ni2+ onto HA-ANC and EDX showed that the C content of HA-ANC were higher than that of Ni2+/ HA-ANC.

Response surface central composite design optimization of soluos dumpsite leachate treatment using agricultural biowaste

Process optimization plays a very important role in the process industries as it helps to miximise desire output by minimizing the cost of process variables. The aim of this work is to carry out response surface central composite design optimization of Soluos dumpsite leachate treatment using agricultural biowaste. Leachate collected from Soluos dumpsite in Lagos was treated using adsorbent prepared from Muas sapientum peels by studying the effects of adsorbent dosage and contact time on the percentage removal of total dissolved solids (TDS) with the aid of design expert software version 10.0.3. The developed second order regression model was adopted in comparison with the linear and two factor interaction ( ) model based on its coefficient of determination (R2) value and its adequacy by analysis of variance (ANOVA). 80.34 percentage removal of TDS was achieved under experimental process at contact time of 120 mins and dosage of 1 g/100mL while 81.134 percentage removal of TDS was obtained under simulation process at contact time of 63.469 mins and dosage of 0.994 g/100 mL. the values obtained under simulation condition were adopted as the optimum conditions. The developed second order regression model predicted the experimental data up to 98.10 percent confidence level hence it is a true representation of the treatment process and can be used to navigate the design space and optimization process of treatment of Soluos dumpsite leachate.

Removal of COD from petroleum refinery wastewater using electrocoagulation method

This research assessed the removability of chemical oxygen demand (COD) from petroleum effluent using aluminum-based electrocoagulation reactor. A series of batch flow studies have been conducted to evaluate the impact of current density, electrodes separation, and duration of treatment on the removal of COD from the refinery effluent. The COD levels were determined employing the remaining concentrations using spectrophotometer namely Hach-Lang and standard cuvette test (LCC 514, LCK 314, or APC 400). The findings of the current investigation indicate the capacity of the electrocoagulation technique in a relatively short processing time to reduce the COD levels. The greatest efficiency in removing COD has been determined to be 80.0%. After 100 minutes of electrolysis, a current density of 8 mA/cm2 and electrodes separation of 20 mm achieved the highest percentage removal.

Removal of Congo Red and Procion Red Using Zn/Fe Pillared Bentonite

The process of pillarization of metal oxide Zn/Fe compounds in bentonite has been carried out. The study of adsorbent weight, pH, adsorption time, and initial concentration were investigated to get the optimum reduction of Congo red and Procion red concentration. In addition, the pseudo kinetic also determined to investigate the rate and type of adsorption. From the experiment, the optimum conditions for removal of Congo red for the adsorbent weight, pH, and adsorption time were 0.02 g, 2, 20 minutes, respectively, while for the removal of Procion red was 0.04 g, 2, 20 minutes, respectively and both of adsorbent followed the pseudo-second-order model kinetics with chemisorption mechanism. Although the optimum conditions for removal of the two dyes were similar, in fact the percentage removal of the Congo red dye was greater. In conclusion, the Zn/Fe pillared bentonite was more suitable for the removal of the Congo red than Procion red.

Hypocholesterolemic Operating Parameters of Novel Probiotics In vitro

The Hypocholesterolemic is an effective and friendly process for the removal of cholesterol and an important aspect of human health. Removal of cholesterol by probiotic bacteria was investigated in this study. The potential probiotic bacterium was preliminarily identified as Lactobacillus casei. In addition, the various operating parameters like cholesterol concentration, incubation time, bile salts concentration, probiotic dose and initial pH was studied. The optimum parameters for most probiotics studied are cholesterol concentration is 100 μg /ml, incubation time is 48 h, bile salts concentration is 0.5%, probiotic dose is 200μl and initial pH is 6. The maximum percentage removal of cholesterol using Lactobacillus casei is 93.6. The probiotics bacteria are favorable for Hypocholesterolemic.

Evaluation of Peanut Shell, Bentonite Clay and its Composites in the Removal of Dye (Malachite Green) from Industrial Wastewater

Curtailing the effects of environmental pollution being a major problem encountered by third-world countries, this study was embarked on to reduce the effect of land and water pollution caused by improper disposal of dye used by industries by using readily available agricultural waste like peanut Shell, bentonite clay and its composite. Analysis that was used included Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Electron dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) Some physical parameters were considered too: Absorbent load, Contact time, pH and Concentration. The results from the SEM, EDX and FTIR showed the adsorptive capacities of the absorbents, it’s functional and the compounds contained. The result of the physical parameters for adsorbent load; Peanut shell the percentage removal increase from 26.93%-28.0% .For bentonite clay increase from 7.05%-8.24%. The combination of both peanut shell and bentonite increased from 93.22%-95.40%. For the contact time the dye removal percentage increase from 99.13%-99.37% which later decreased to 98.16%.Bentonite clay decreased from 71.09%-69.53% and later increased to 70.13%. The combination decreased from 52.33%-51.29% and increased to 52.60%bbut decreased at the last lap to 50.83% At 60-80minutes optimal time was achieved due to saturation of active sites for high removal of dye efficiency. pH was observed too which varied. Peanut shell shows that the percentage removal increased from 61.89%-62.37% then decreased to 60.87%.Bentonite clay decreased from completely from 99.72%-97.58%. The combination decreased from 32.14%-31.94% then increased to 33.54%.We can say that for the peanut shell and the combination of both peanut shell and bentonite clay pH was increased slightly at the acidic side.

Removal of silver nanoparticles using phytoremediation method

This paper presents on removal of silver nanoparticles using phytoremediation. In this study, floating macrophyte (Pistia stratiotes) was used for phytoremediation of silver nanoparticles. This study investigated the performance of Pistia stratiotes in the removal of silver nanoparticles using phytoremediation method. The silver nanoparticles were green synthesized by using Muntingia calabura sp. leaves as reducing and stabilizing agent. The silver nanoparticles were successful synthesized as a peak appeared at wavelength 450 nm by UV-Vis spectrophotometer, while Pistia stratiotes had been acclimatized in tank at laboratory. Similar size of Pistia stratiotes had been employed for investigation. Each selected Pistia stratiotes was placed in 5 L bottles water containing different concentration (0.5 ppm, 1.0 ppm, 2.0 ppm and 3.0 ppm) of silver nanoparticles. This study was evaluated using UV-Vis spectrophotometer for five days. The results showed that the highest removal was achieved 69.88% at concentration of 0.5 ppm. This percentage removal relatively decreased up to 55.61% as concentration increase at 3.0 ppm. These results prescribed that phytoremediation of silver nanoparticles by Pistia stratiotes can be considered to apply and implement in water environment for AgNPs removal.

Swelling Behaviour of Starch-g-Acrylic Acid Hydrogel and its Potential Application in Removal of Rhodamine B and Alkali Blue Dyes

Starch-g-acrylic acid hydrogel was prepared by free radical polymerization technique adopting potassium persulphate (KPS) as an initiator and N’N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as a linking agent. The aim of the research is to inspect the potentials of starch-based hydrogel in remediating wastewater. Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was used to find the formation of hydrogel while Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were used for the characterization of the hydrogel. The FT-IR spectroscopy confirmed hydrogel formation. The DSC results showed that the generated hydrogel is thermally stable, and the SEM depicts a good porous site for dye adsorption. Batch adsorption for Rhodamine B (RDB) and Alkali blue (AB) dyes under the variation of contact time was 105 minutes for both dyes with percentage removal of 89.80 and 60.32%, adsorbent dose was 0.4 and 0.8 g with percentage removal of 86.42 and 57.95%, concentration was 50 and 30 ppm with percentage removal of 67.01 and 77.18% and pH was 8 for both dyes with percentage removal of 77.43 and 79.13% as the optimum. The results indicates that acrylic acid monomer was efficiently grafted on the starch, and the adsorption method correlated with Freundlich isotherm equation. It was concluded that the starch-based hydrogel is an appropriate adsorbent and can be explored for industrial wastewater treatment.

Sorption of Rhodamine B Dye onto Bentonite Clay-silane Composite Materials

The aim of this communication is to assess the sorption behavior of silanes grafted bentonite composite materials for Rhodamine B (RhB) from aqueous solution. The nanocomposites were synthesized by functionalization of the bentonite with 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane under inert atmosphere. The batch experimental data indicated that the composite materials showed high percentage removal of RhB over a wide pH range, i.e., pH ~4.0 to 10.0. A high percentage removal of RhB was achieved within the concentrations studied from 1.0 to 25.0 mgL-1. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm were obtained using equilibrium state sorption data. The equilibrium sorption was attained within 180 min of contact and the kinetic model best fitted the pseudo-second-order model. Further, the change in background electrolyte (NaCl) concentrations from 0.0001 to 0.1molL-1 NaCl and the presence of co-existing ions do not significantly affect the sorption of RhB by the composite sorbents except for EDTA.