Stability of Wheat Floret Metabolites during Untargeted Metabolomics Studies

A typical metabolomic analysis consists of a multi-step procedure. Variation can be introduced in any analysis segment if proper care in quality assurance is not taken, thus compromising the final results. Sample stability is one of those factors. Although sophisticated studies addressing sample decay over time have been performed in the medical field, they are emerging in plant metabolomics. Here, we focus on the stability of wheat floret extracts on queue inside an auto-injector held at 25 °C. The objective was to locate an analytical time window from extraction to injection with no significant difference occurring in the sample. Total ion current chromatograms, principal component analysis, and volcano plots were used to measure changes in the samples. Results indicate a maximum work window time of 7:45 h for Steele-ND wheat methanolic extractions in an auto-sampler at 25 °C. Comparisons showed a significant gradual increase in the number and intensity of compounds observed that may be caused by the degradation of other molecules in the sample extract. The approach can be applied as preliminary work in a metabolite profiling study, helping to set the appropriate workload to produce confident results.

Maximum Work Rate Extractable from Energy Fluxes

A general formalism is developed to evaluate the amount of work extractable from energy fluxes. It covers nonequilibrium cases when the concept of exergy is not relevant. The rate of work deficiency, which has been previously introduced as the total loss of exergy, is defined here as the total loss of work, which would have resulted if all the work were lost to the environment. New performance indicators are proposed. First, the work content factor gives the proportion of extractable work in a given amount of energy. Second, the work deficiency factor is a measure of the potential of improvement for the operation of energy conversion systems. Previous results reported in literature are particular cases of the general results obtained here. The formalism is used to evaluate the work rate extractable from the solar energy flux. Results are shown in cases where solar radiation interacts with materials without energy bandgap (metals) and with energy bandgaps (semiconductors), respectively.

Thermodynamic Machine Learning through Maximum Work Production

Adaptive systems---such as a biological organism gaining survival advantage, an autonomous robot executing a functional task, or a motor protein transporting intracellular nutrients---must model the regularities and stochasticity in their environments to take full advantage of thermodynamic resources. Analogously, but in a purely computational realm, machine learning algorithms estimate models to capture predictable structure and identify irrelevant noise in training data. This happens through optimization of performance metrics, such as model likelihood. If physically implemented, is there a sense in which computational models estimated through machine learning are physically preferred? We introduce the thermodynamic principle that work production is the most relevant performance metric for an adaptive physical agent and compare the results to the maximum-likelihood principle that guides machine learning. Within the class of physical agents that most efficiently harvest energy from their environment, we demonstrate that an efficient agent's model explicitly determines its architecture and how much useful work it harvests from the environment. We then show that selecting the maximum-work agent for given environmental data corresponds to finding the maximum-likelihood model. This establishes an equivalence between nonequilibrium thermodynamics and dynamic learning. In this way, work maximization emerges as an organizing principle that underlies learning in adaptive thermodynamic systems.

Management of industrial work practices in improving student competence and satisfaction of the industrial as a partner vocational school

This study describes the planning, implementation, and evaluation of industrial work practices in improving student competence and satisfaction of the industrial world as a working partner of a vocational school. The implementation of industrial work practices is in following the dual system education implementation guidelines. Management of industrial work practices from planning, implementation, and evaluation is still experiencing obstacles. The results of the satisfaction survey show that the competence of students is not in by the needs and work culture of the industry, school supervisors are not maximized in monitoring the development and progress of students in the industry, there are still many students who are not competent in operating computers, the industry assignments to students that are not in following the competence of expertise in their field so that the objectives in competency mapping have not been achieved. School supervisors have not completely informed about the involvement of the industrial world business world in the implementation of industrial work practices. Practical work provides additional knowledge and skills of students so that competency gaps in the mapping of competency skills can be minimized, but these competencies do not yet cover the entire competency gap. The implementation of work practice for 3 (three) months is quite effective, because with this duration students perform certain tasks repeatedly to improve student competence in completing assignments and maximum work results, however, it was still found that students were not responsive enough in other assignments given. The evaluation of industrial work practice management with the analysis that has been carried out so far is quite good, but the follow-up actions have not provided an improvement in the performance of the management team as a whole so that the mismatches keep recurring in the implementation of the next work practice.

Kemampuan Literasi Matematika Dalam Memecahkan Masalah Matematika Pada Siswa Kelas VIII SMP Negeri 2 Woha

This study aims to describe the ability of mathematical literacy in solving mathematical problems in class VIII SMP Negeri 2 Woha. This research is a qualitative research using a descriptive approach. Data collection was carried out on class VIII students of SMP Negeri 2 Woha in the 2020/2021 academic year and the selection of subjects was based on the level of students' mathematical abilities. The research instrument used was a matter of students' mathematical literacy skills in solving mathematical problems. Data collection techniques were carried out by tests and interviews. The results obtained from students with high categories are able to carry out several stages of the student literacy process in solving mathematical problems well in the section formulating, applying concepts, facts, procedures, and reasoning but in the problem section, application, problem finding and drawing conclusions students have not maximum work and explain when to interview

Quantum and Classical Ergotropy from Relative Entropies

The quantum ergotropy quantifies the maximal amount of work that can be extracted from a quantum state without changing its entropy. Given that the ergotropy can be expressed as the difference of quantum and classical relative entropies of the quantum state with respect to the thermal state, we define the classical ergotropy, which quantifies how much work can be extracted from distributions that are inhomogeneous on the energy surfaces. A unified approach to treat both quantum as well as classical scenarios is provided by geometric quantum mechanics, for which we define the geometric relative entropy. The analysis is concluded with an application of the conceptual insight to conditional thermal states, and the correspondingly tightened maximum work theorem.

Arm Ergometry to Improve Mobility in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (AMBOS)—Results of a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Walking disability is one of the most frequent and burdening symptoms of progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). Most of the exercise intervention studies that showed an improvement in mobility performance were conducted in low to moderately disabled relapsing–remitting MS patients with interventions using the legs. However, MS patients with substantial walking disability hardly can perform these tasks. Earlier work has indicated that aerobic arm training might also improve walking performance and could therefore be a therapeutic option in already moderately disabled progressive MS patients.Methods: Patients with progressive MS and EDSS 4–6.5 were randomized using a computer-generated algorithm list to either a waitlist control group (CG) or an intervention group (IG). The IG performed a 12-week home-based, individualized arm ergometry exercise training program. Maximum walking distance as measured by the 6-min walking test (6MWT) was the primary endpoint. Secondary endpoints included aerobic fitness, other mobility tests, cognitive functioning, as well as fatigue and depression.Results: Of n = 86 screened patients, 53 with moderate disability (mean EDSS 5.5, SD 0.9) were included and data of 39 patients were analyzed. Patients in the IG showed strong adherence to the program with a mean of 67 (SD 26.4) training sessions. Maximum work load (Pmax) increased in the training group while other fitness indicators did not. Walking distance in the 6MWT improved in both training and waitlist group but not significantly more in trained patients. Similarly, other mobility measures showed no differential group effect. Cognitive functioning remained unchanged. No serious events attributable to the intervention occurred.Conclusion: Although maximum work load improved, 3 months of high-frequency arm ergometry training of low to moderate intensity could not show improved walking ability or cognitive functioning in progressive MS compared to a waitlist CG.The study was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03147105) and funded by the local MS self-help organization.

HUBUNGAN PENGEMBANGAN DIRI DAN MINAT KERJA DENGAN KESIAPAN KERJA

<p><em>In an effort to increase maximum work readiness, students do not only fulfill the input and output aspects, but what is more important is the process aspect, the process in question is self-development and work interest processes. Both of these things have a high level of importance compared to other processes. The right educational process will be carried out by educational institutions in order to produce valuable and work-ready human resources, so that every student who graduates will be able to develop a career according to their competencies. Based on this, educational institutions must be able to provide confidence to stakeholders that their institutions are qualified in carrying out real educational goals. The implementation of self-development and work interest is a real solution in fulfilling expectations to synergize with each other in an effort to increase student work readiness. Students have harmony between physical, mental and experience abilities with individual capacities in preparing themselves for the work industry so that in the end they are able to carry out certain activities related to work according to the targets that have been set with full responsibility and professionalism.</em></p><p><em></em><strong><em>Key words:</em></strong><em> Self Development, Work Interest and Work Readiness</em></p>

ANALISIS YURIDIS MASA KERJA PADA PEGAWAI PEMERINTAH DENGAN PERJANJIAN KERJA

The purpose of this study is to determine the legal certainty of tenure in government employees with a work agreement. This research uses normative research methods that are oriented towards statutory and conceptual rules. Through this research, the researcher offers that the tenure of government employees with a work agreement is not explicitly regulated in Law no. 5 of 2014 concerning the State Civil Apparatus. Problems arise because of the absence of a work time limit rule in the work agreement in the State Civil Apparatus Law. This problem is in the form of unclear how long the maximum work agreement will end. As a legal state, legal certainty is very important. The government should immediately stipulate implementing regulations after the promulgation of laws and regulations so that legal certainty can be achieved. Implementing regulations such as Government Regulations, Ministerial Regulations, Presidential Decrees, or others. Legal certainty if achieved can create justice, and vice versa justice that is created also shows the existence of legal certainty. This thinking reflects good governance and the functioning of the country in good conditionKeyword: government; legal certainty, working period AbstrakTujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui kepastian hukum masa kerja pada Pegawai Pemerintah Dengan Perjanjian Kerja. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian normatif yang berorientasi pada aturan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Melalui penelitian ini peneliti menawarkan bahwa masa kerja Pegawai Pemerintah Dengan Perjanjian Kerja tidak diatur secara tegas di dalam Undang-Undang No. 5 Tahun 2014 tentang Aparatur Sipil Negara. Muncul permasalahan karena tidak adanya aturan batas waktu masa kerja dalam perjanjian kerja dalam Undang-Undang Aparatur Sipil Negara. Permasalahan ini berupa tidak jelasnya sampai kapan maksimal perjanjian kerja ini akan berakhir. Sebagai negara hukum kepastian hukum sangatlah penting. Pemerintah seharusnya segera menetapkan peraturan pelaksana setelah diundangkannya pertaruran perundang-undangan agar kepastian hukum dapat tercapai. Peraturan pelaksana seperti Peraturan Pemerintah, Peraturan Menteri, Keppres, atau lainnya. Kepastian hukum bila dicapai dapat menciptakan keadilan, begitu juga sebaliknya keadilan yang tercipta juga memperlihatkan adanya kepastian hukum. Pemikiran ini mencerminkan pemerintahan yang baik dan guna berjalannya negara dalam keadaan baik.

Tensiomyographic Neuromuscular Response of the Peroneus Longus and Tibialis Anterior with Chronic Ankle Instability

This study aimed to investigate the muscle contractile response of the peroneus longus (PL) and tibialis anterior (TA) in groups with and without chronic ankle instability (CAI) using tensiomyography. Twenty-three adults, 12 with CAI and 11 healthy participants, participated in this study. All subjects underwent a tensiomyographic assessment of the PL and TA to measure delay time, contraction time and maximal displacement. The ankle evertor and invertor normalized peak torques, maximum work done and muscle thickness of the PL and TA were calculated. The delay time and contraction time of the PL in the CAI side were significantly higher than those in the healthy group (p < 0.05); however, no significant difference could be detected in the TA between groups. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the normalized peak torques, maximum work done and muscle thickness of the PL and TA between groups. The CAI side demonstrated a delayed muscle contractile response of the PL when compared with the healthy group although there was no difference in muscle strength and muscle size. Clinicians should consider the muscle contractile response of the PL for rehabilitation of the ankle evertor with CAI.