FORMULASI TABLET HISAP EKSTRAK RIMPANG TEMULAWAK (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) DENGAN BAHAN PENGISI SORBITOL DAN LAKTOSA

Abstrak Temulawak adalah tanaman yang tumbuh berumpun, yang telah dimanfaatkan oleh sebagian masyarakat Indonesia, baik sebagai obat tradisional, sebagai pewarna maupun sebagai bahan pangan. Perlu dibuat sediaan tablet hisap agar dapat digunakan dengan nyaman dan praktis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji pengaruh kombinasi bahan pengisi sorbitol dan laktosa terhadap karakteristik granul ekstrak rimpang temulawak dan terhadap mutu fifik tablet hisap ekstrak temulawak. Tablet hisap esktrak rimpang temulawak dibuat dengan campuran bahan pengisi sorbitol dan laktosa dengan konsentrasi berbeda yaitu F1 (sorbitol 5%: laktosa 95%), F2 (Sorbitol 10% dan laktosa 90%), F3 (Sorbitol 15%: Laktosa 85%), F4 (Sorbitol 20% : laktosa 80%), F5 (Sorbitol 25%: laktosa 75%). Tablet dibuat dengan granulasi basah. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain eksperimental laboratorium dengan melakukan pengamatan dan pencatatan hasil dari formulasi tablet hisap ekstrak rimpang temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) dengan bahan pengisi sorbitol dan laktosa. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan SPSS versi 21 dengan metode ANOVA oneway dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu konsentrasi sorbitol dan laktosa terbaik untuk menghasilkan tablet hisap ekstrak temulawak adalah konsentrasi sorbitol (5%) dan laktosa (95%) dengan kecepatan alir 16,5±0,304 g/detik, persen kompresibilitas 6,57±0,069%, kadar lembab 1,47±0,06%, kekerasan 10,25±0,79 kP. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa penambahan konsentrasi sorbitol dapat menurunkan sifat tabletasi dan memperbaiki sifat fisik dari granul, makin tinggi konsentrasi sorbitol kekerasan tablet semakin menurun, dan meningkatkan kerapuhan dan waktu hancur tablet. Sedangkan semakin banyak konsentrasi laktosa meningkatkan sifat alir sudut diam, persen kompresibilitas dan menurunkan kadar lembab. Kata kunci : Temulawak, Tablet hisap, Sorbitol, Laktosa Abstrak Temulawak is a plant that grows in clumps, which has been used by some Indonesian people, both as traditional medicine, as a dye and as a food ingredient. It is necessary to make lozenges so that they can be used comfortably and practically. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the combination of sorbitol and lactose as fillers on the granule characteristics of the temulawak rhizome extract and on the physical quality of the lozenges of the temulawak extract. Temulawak rhizome extract lozenges were made with a mixture of sorbitol and lactose as fillers with different concentrations, namely F1 (sorbitol 5%: lactose 95%), F2 (Sorbitol 10% and lactose 90%), F3 (Sorbitol 15%: Lactose 85%), F4 (Sorbitol 20%: lactose 80%), F5 (Sorbitol 25%: lactose 75%). Tablets are prepared by wet granulation. This study used a laboratory experimental design by observing and recording the results of the formulation of lozenges of temulawak rhizome extract (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) with sorbitol and lactose as fillers. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 21 with the one-way ANOVA method with a 95% confidence level. The results of this study are the best concentrations of sorbitol and lactose to produce lozenges of temulawak extract are concentrations of sorbitol (5%) and lactose (95%) with a flow rate of 16.5±0.304 g/second, percent compressibility 6.57±0.069%, moisture content 1.47±0.06%, hardness 10.25±0.79 kP. From this research, it can be concluded that the addition of sorbitol concentration can decrease the tableting properties and improve the physical properties of the granules, the higher the sorbitol concentration, the lower the tablet hardness, and increase the friability and disintegration time of the tablets. Meanwhile, the more lactose concentration increases the flow angle of repose, the percent compressibility and reduces the moisture content Keywords : Temulawak, Lozenges, Sorbitol, Lactose Keywords : Temulawak, Lozenges, Sorbitol, Lactose

Pengembangan Self-Nano Emulsifying System (SNES) Ekstrak Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza): Formulasi, Karakterisasi, dan Stabilitas

Ekstrak temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) yang sukar larut dalam air sudah banyak dikaji dan potensial untuk pengobatan berbagai penyakit. Pembuatan Self-Nano Emulsifying System (SNES) merupakan salah satu metode yang mampu meningkatkan kelarutan dan ketersediaan hayati suatu zat aktif obat dengan mencampurkannya ke dalam pembawa yang sesuai. Penelitian bertujuan untuk memformulasi, karakterisasi dan menguji stabilitas SNES ekstrak temulawak. Pembuatan SNES dimulai dari skrining dan optimasi pembawa ekstrak temulawak yang terdiri beberapa minyak, surfaktan dan kosurfaktan. SNES ekstrak temulawak dikarakterisasi meliputi pengukuran transmittan, ukuran partikel, indeks polidispersi (IP), potensial zeta, penentuan stabilitas termodinamika, uji ketahanan dan uji stabilitas dipercepat. Formula optimal SNES ekstrak temulawak adalah kombinasi Labrasol (20%), Tween 20 (60%), dan propilenglikol (20%), dengan drug loading ekstrak temulawak adalah 23%. Nilai parameter karakterisasi yang didapatkan adalah transmittan 100,2 ± 0,0%, ukuran partikel 13,0±1,4 nm dengan IP 0,3 ± 0,1, dan potensial zeta -42,4 ± 0,6 mV. Uji stabilitas termodinamika menunjukkan tidak terjadi pemisahan fase. Uji ketahanan menunjukkan bahwa ukuran partikel stabil selama proses pengenceran. Selain itu, SNES ekstrak temulawak stabil selama uji stabilitas dipercepat selama 3 bulan. Disimpulkan bahwa, SNES ekstrak temulawak menghasilkan sediaan yang stabil dengan drug loading yang tinggi.

Aplikasi Ragam Media Tanam pada Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb)

Produktivitas lahan menjadi salah satu faktor penentu dalam peningkatan kapasitas produksi suatu komoditi. Lahan yang produktif adalah lahan yang mampu menyediakan kebutuhan unsur hara bagi tanaman. Degradasi lahan yang telah terjadi maupun lahan marjinal memicu pola budidaya di pekarangan rumah khususnya untuk jenis tanaman obat-obatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh media tanam serta untuk mengetahui media tanam yang terbaik bagi pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama 7 (tujuh) bulan mulai dari bulan November 2020 sampai bulan Mei 2021 Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) Non factorial dengan 6 (enam) kali ulangan. Perlakuan media tanamnya yaitu M1 = Tanah, M2 = tanah + sekam perbandingan 1:2 (2,5 kg : 5 kg), M3 = tanah + sekam bakar perbandingan 1:2 (2,5 kg : 5 kg), M4 = tanah + serbuk gergaji perbandingan 1:2 (2,5 kg : 5 kg), M5 = tanah + serbuk gergaji bakar perbandingan 1:2 (2,5 kg : 5 kg). Hasil penelitian adalah Perlakuan media tanam sangat berpengaruh nyata pada parameter tinggi tanaman dan jumlah daun umur 4 BST, tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap parameter lainnya. Perlakuan media tanam sekam bakar (M3) merupakan perlakuan yang terbaik, karena menghasilkan berat rimpang segar per rumpun yang terberat yaitu 108,50 gram.

Efficacy of hepatoprotector jamu formula (combination of Curcuma longa, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, and Taraxacum officinale) compared to Fructus schizandrae extract in mild liver injury: a randomized controlled trial

The prevalence of impaired liver function in developing countries is increasing. Indonesia has several traditional medicines that can be used as alternative treatments for liver dysfunction. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of hepatoprotector jamu formula (combination of Curcuma longa, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, and Taraxacum officinale) compared to Fructus schizandrae fruit extract for treating mild liver injury. This study was a RCT using parallel open label design which involved 60 subjects for 42 days of intervention. The parameters used to evaluate efficacy were Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT) and Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT). There was a significant difference of average SGPT levels on day 21 and day 42 compared to day 0 in both hepatoprotector jamu group and Fructus Schizandrae extract group (p < 0.001). Compared to the baseline, there were a significant difference of average SGOT levels on the follow up days in hepatoprotector jamu group (p=0.023 on day 21; p=0.003 on day 42) as well as Fructus Schizandrae extract group (p=0.028 on day 21; p=0.042 on day 42. The efficacy of hepatoprotector jamu formula was comparable to Fructus schizandrae extract in improving mild liver injury.

Screening of plant growth-promoting bacterial endophytes and rhizobacteria isolated from Curcuma xanthorrhiza

Bacterial endophyte and rhizobacteria were reported to associate with medicinal plants including Zingiberaceae plants and involved in growth promotion. These beneficial bacteria are promising candidates as biostimulants because of their ability in promoting plant growth. This study aims to evaluate the activity of endophytic and rhizosphere bacteria isolated from Curcuma xanthorrhiza (Javanese turmeric) in promoting rice seedling and Javanese turmeric growth. Fifty-seven of 150 total bacterial isolates with negative hemolysis and hypersensitivity reactions were characterized to investigate their plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits. Ten selected bacteria (two bacterial endophytes and eight rhizobacteria) with multiple PGP traits were inoculated to rice seed with seed treatment and inoculated to Javanese turmeric rhizome with seed treatment and seed treatment+soil soil drenching. Our results showed that bacterial isolates tested on rice seed promoted rice seedling growth significantly. A total of five, three, six, and three bacterial isolates could increase leaf number, root length, fresh shoot weight, and fresh root weight of rice seedling (p<0.05), respectively. In contrast, all of the bacterial isolates tested on Javanese turmeric rhizomes showed a non-significant effect on the plant growth. Further studies should be considered to investigate the effect of formulated potential bacterial isolates with different application frequencies and environmental conditions on the harvest yield of rice and Javanese turmeric as well as active compounds of Javanese turmeric.

The effect of herbal formula consisting of Curcuma xanthorrhiza, Curcuma longa and Phyllanthus niruri on quality of life: Randomized controlled trial

The herbal ingredients consisting of temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.), turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), and meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.) have been used to improve physical fitness. However, the effect of these herbs on the quality of life is not yet known. This study aims to assess the effect of physical fitness herbal formula on quality of life. This study used a randomized controlled trial design. A total of 100 subjects were given herbal formula and 101 subjects were given a placebo. Herbal formula was made by boiling 4 cups (800 ml) of water until it boils, adding simplicia then reducing the heat, waiting for about 15-30 minutes until only two cups (400 ml) of water remained, filtered and put in a special thermos. The herbs and placebo were taken twice a day for 42 days. Before the study and on day 42th, subjects were examined for their quality of life using the Short Form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire. The results showed that there were no significant changes in the mental component summary and the dimensions of physical function, role of emotions, energy, mental health, social function, and general health. However, in the physical component summary and the dimensions of physical role and pain there was a significant increase in the quality of life (p=0,032; p=0.005; p=0.017). In conclusion, the physical fitness herbal formula can improve the physical component summary of quality of life, especially the dimensions of physical roles and pain.

The Effectiveness of Consumption between Temulawak Extract (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) and Katuk Leaves (Sauropus androgynous) towards Breast Milk Launch in Postpartum Mothers

Breast milk is the natural first food for babies. Its provides all the energy and nutrients for babies in the first months of life. Breastfeeding is an excellent way of providing ideal food for the healthy growth and development of babies. Efforts to increase breast milk production are by consuming foods or ingredients that are believed to increase milk production. Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) contains essential oils that can Temulawak contains essential oils that can stimulate breast milk production. In addition, katuk leaves (Saoropus androgynus) also have the same effect on milk production. The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in the effectiveness of consumption of temulawak extract and katuk leaves on the breast milk's flow in postpartum mothers. This research is a pre-experimental type with a two group pretest-posttest approach to 16 postpartum mothers who experience problems with the smooth flow of breast milk in each group. The results of the study were analyzed using the Mann Whitney test with p-value > (0.05), which means that there is no difference in the effectiveness of consuming temulawak extract and katuk leaves on the smooth flow of breast milk in postpartum mothers.